Observations on the biology and ecology of the blue shark in the North-east Atlantic

Of 159 blue sharks Prionace glauca examined (59% female, 41% male) from oceanic waters SW of Britain and Ireland, all but two males were immature. Size-at-age and growth rate were similar to previous studies in the North Atlantic, while stomach contents included cephalopods, fish, cetaceans, and to a lesser degree, birds and crustaceans.     

青冈种群的能量积累

１引言青冈（Ｃｙｃｌｏｂａｌａｎｏｐｓｉｓｇｌａｕｃａ）种群的能量积累,是能量代谢的主要部分。能量积累过程是通过植物的三大生理代谢活动之一光合作用而实现的。在研究了青冈林能量环境的基础上,对植物的光合作用进行了测试和分析,从而阐明了能量积累的规律。青...     

Immunoaffinity columns for isolation of abscisic acid in conifer seedlings

Spleen cells of mice immunized with cis, trans (±) abscisic acid (ABA) conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) were fused with myeloma cells to produce hybridomas. Hybridomas secreting antibodies to cis, trans (+) ABA were detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay and injected into the peritoneal cavity of mice to produce ascites fluid. Antibodies purified by size-exclusion chromatography were linked to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose beads and used to prepare immunoaffinity columns (IAC). Semi-purified conifer seedling (Douglas-fir [ Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb) Franco] lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl), cedar ( Thuja plicata D. Don), and spruce [ Picea glauca (Moench) Voss)]) extracts were passed through IAC, washed thoroughly with water and then eluted with methanol. ABA in the methanol eluate was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. UV absorption of extracts before and after purification through IAC indicated an excellent purification of extract by IAC. The identity of the ABA peak was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.     

基于网络药理学的杜仲-山茱萸配伍治疗糖尿病的作用机制

为探讨杜仲-山茱萸治疗糖尿病的作用机制。研究利用网络药理学的方法,首先通过中药系统药理学数据库筛选出杜仲和山茱萸的活性成分和相关靶点,再利用DisGeNET、DrugBank等数据库筛选出糖尿病的潜在靶点。以STRING数据库对活性靶点构建蛋白互作网络(PPI)分析,采用Cytoscape3.7.0软件绘制其“成分-靶点-通路”的相互作用网络,通过CludterProfiler对靶蛋白进行生物过程、细胞组分及分子功能分析;京都基因与基因组(KEGG)的代谢通路分析。实验结果筛选得到杜仲-山茱萸有效成分30个,其中槲皮素、山奈酚、β-谷甾醇等成分对PTGS2、DPP4、ADRB2、PPARG等相关靶点通过IL-17信号通路、钙信号通路、脂肪细胞脂解的调控等参与氮化合物代谢过程、血液循环、脂肪细胞分化和血压调节等过程。综上,杜仲-山茱萸配伍治疗糖尿病存在多成分和多重药理作用机制,为进一步研究其治疗糖尿病药理实验提供了参考,也为其他中药的相关研究提供借鉴和参考。     

浙北青冈林群落结构与青冈种群数量特征

本文通过群落和种群的调查,对浙江北部几个地区的青冈林群落结构及青冈种群的数量特征进行了研究,结果表明:青冈常绿阔叶林分层现象明显;各样地的相似是以地域为特征;青冈种群的大小结构有两种类型:纺锤形结构和不典型的金字塔形结构(倒"J"型);青冈种群主要是集群分布格局;从幼苗→大树的时间序列上,有从集群分布到随机分布的变化趋势。     

青冈常绿阔叶林钾的生物循环研究

本文对分布于浙江建德的青冈常绿阔叶林K的生物循环进行了研究。群落各代表种类的K浓度大都在0．2～0．4％之间,其令藤本、草本＞下木层＞乔木层、亚乔木层植物,各器官中K浓度叶＞枝、根＞干。青冈中K浓度为下木层＞乔木层＞亚乔木层;幼嫩、同化和生殖器官中积累了较多的K。凋落物凋落之前,K有被回输的现象。K在群落中现存量为431．64kg／hm2,死地被层中积累量为25．88ky／hm2,土壤（A0－B层）中储存量为64298kg／hm2。群落K的存留量为53．83ky／hm2.a;归还量为51．89ky／hm2．a,其中大部分通过穿透水归还（占70％）;吸收量为105．72kg／hm2．a。降水输入了7．10kg／hm2．a的K。与世界上其它森林类型相比,青冈林K的循环速申和利用效申是对一定水热条件的正常反映。     

椿叶花椒叶挥发油化学成分的研究

采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析,研究了用水蒸气蒸馏法提取的椿叶花椒叶挥发油的化学成分。结果表明:鉴定出33种成分,占挥发油总离子流色谱峰面积的99.99%。椿叶花椒叶挥发油的主要成分为2-壬酮,芳樟醇,β-水芹烯。     

Early effects of triadimefon on water relations, sterol composition and plasma membrane ATPase in white spruce (Picea glauca) seedlings

Seedlings of white spruce ( Picea glauca [Moench] Voss.) were treated with triadimefon solution applied to the soil, and their early responses studied from 12 h to 7 days after treatment. Transpiration rates declined and respiration rates increased immediately after the commencement of triadimefon treatment. Photosynthetic rates declined less than transpiration rates, resulting in an increase in water use efficiency, whereas root and shoot water potentials remained unchanged during the first 5 days of triadimefon treatment. Triadimefon decreased root hydraulic conductivity and inhibited the activity of the plasma membrane ATPase. In addition, triadimefon-treated roots drastically increased the ratios between free sterols and sterol esters and decreased the ratios between sterol esters and acylated sterol glycosides.     

Methods to extract NAD+-malate dehydrogenase efficiently from white spruce needles

The spectrophotometrically-determined activity of NAD⁺-malate dehydrogenase (MDH, EC 1.1.1.37) from white spruce [ Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] needles was assayed with NADH and oxaloacetate. Activity was very low when extracted with only acetate buffer (pH 5.4), phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), or Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0). However, activity increased from 1 to over 200 μmol (g dry weight)^-1 min^-1 with the addition of polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the detergents, Tween 80, Tergitol 15-S-9 and Triton X-100. Best activity was observed when extracted in a buffer at pH 6.8 and with 1% (v/v) for the three detergents and PEG, and 6% (w/v) for PVP.
MDH activity decreased with age of the needles on the tree. Six-year-old needles contained only about one-fifth of the activity of current year, fully-expanded needles. The main decrease in enzyme activity was observed in one-year-old needles. Protein content obtained from needles extracted with just phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) was very low, but increased greatly when the above chemicals were added to the buffer. In contrast with needles, extracts of vegetative buds contained much higher levels of MDH and protein when extracted with only phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). Although MDH activity in needle extracts declined with storage of the extracts at 4°C in the dark for 6 days, the decrease was least for buffers containing a combination of different protective agents.     

The role of the glutathione system during dehydration of Boea hygroscopica

Plants of Boea hygroscopica F. Muell were subjected to dehydration for 25 days until the relative water content was 23%. The rate of water loss was very slow during the first 12 days of dehydration while it dramatically increased during the last 3 days of the treatment. On day 12 of dehydration total glutathione content was reduced to 24% of the control level and was mainly present in the oxidized form. At that time an oxidation of the sulfhydryl groups of soluble proteins was observed. A protection of glutathione against oxidation of the sulfhydryl groups of soluble proteins was established only after 22 days of desiccation, at the same time as glutathione began to accumulate. During the whole desiccation period enzyme activities related to glutathione utilization and regeneration and the activity of NADP⁺-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12), which contains essential sulfhydryl groups, were maintained. The results of the present experiment suggest that during dehydration of Boea hygroscopica glutathione has above all, a primary role in the protection of the sulfhydryl groups of the thylakoid proteins, which were maintained in the reduced form during the whole dehydration period.