盐胁迫对盐生植物黄花补血草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

盐生植物黄花补血草广泛分布于我国西北地区、东北西部以及华北北部,对改良盐碱土壤具有重要的生态作用。以黄花补血草(Limonium aureum(L.)Hill)为材料,研究分析了不同浓度NaCl胁迫对其种子萌发和幼苗生长产生的抑制效应及作用机制。结果表明:低浓度NaCl(25 mmol/L和50 mmol/L)处理不影响黄花补血草种子萌发和幼苗生长,25 mmol/L NaCl甚至促进了根生长,而高浓度NaCl(100 mmol/L和150 mmol/L)处理明显抑制种子萌发及幼苗生长。利用荧光探针的检测结果表明,NaCl处理的幼苗根中过氧化氢(H2O2)和一氧化氮(NO)含量明显高于对照水平。碘化丙啶(PI)染色结合激光共聚焦显微镜观察及检测相对电导率结果显示,高浓度NaCl处理抑制了幼苗根尖伸长区细胞的伸长生长,增加了细胞膜的通透性,对根细胞造成了明显的伤害。此外,高浓度NaCl处理诱导叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高。以上结果说明,黄花补血草对低浓度的盐具有一定的耐盐性,但高浓度盐降低了种子的萌发率,使幼苗根中H2O2产生增加,抑制根尖伸长区细胞的伸长生长,对根、叶造成明显氧化损伤,从而抑制黄花补血草幼苗的生长。     

Heat shock proteins in Sorghum bicolor and Pennisetum americanum I. genotypic and developmental variation during seed germination

Abstract The capacity to synthesize heat shock proteins (HSPs) during seed germination of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) has been examined. HSP synthesis is detectable in a thermotolerant genotype of sorghum during the first hour of imbibition of the seed under high temperature stress. A non-coordinate control of HSP synthesis during germination was revealed. Genotypic differences were manifest in the stage of germination at which the ability to synthesize HSPs was first apparent and this related to the thermosensitivity of that genotype.     

Exogenous supply of pantoyl lactone to excised leaves increases their pantothenate levels

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: All plants synthesize pantothenate but its synthesis and regulation are not well understood. The aim of this work is to study the effect of exogenous supply of precursor compounds on pantothenate levels in leaves. METHODS: Precursor compounds were supplied in solution to excised leaves and the pantothenate content was measured using a microbial method. KEY RESULTS: Pantothenate levels in excised leaves of Limonium latifolium, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and grapefruit (Citrus x paradisi) were examined following an exogenous supply of the precursor compounds pantoyl lactone or beta-alanine. Significantly higher levels of extractable pantothenate were found when pantoyl lactone was supplied, but not when beta-alanine was supplied despite a measurable uptake of beta-alanine into the leaf. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that the pantoate supply may be rate-limiting or regulating pantothenate synthesis in leaves.     

江苏沿海滩涂中华补血草的保护性研究

中华补血草是一种经济价值、生态价值较高的盐生植物,花朵细小艳丽,全草含各种黄酮体和杨梅树皮甙等有效成份,不仅可供观赏,还可药用.中华补血草可改善盐碱土的土壤结构,使盐土脱盐,被誉为盐碱地改造的"先锋植物".由于沿海滩涂开发速度加快,中华补血草的适生环境受到极大的威胁,导致种群数量越来越少.因此,加强对中华补血草的研究与迁地保护,势在必行.     

科尔沁沙地4种植物抗旱性的比较研究

对科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿,紫穗槐,差巴嘎蒿和胡枝子4种植物的若干水分生理生态指标进行了测定。结果表明,小叶锦鸡儿具有低水势,高水力和束缚水／自由水比及水分利用效率,抗旱性强;紫穗槐的各项指标与小叶锦鸡儿相反,抗旱性最差;差巴嘎蒿虽然水势较高,但它的持水力高,束缚水／自由水比和水分利用效率都较高,抗旱性也较强,但次于小叶锦鸡儿;胡枝子的水势和持水力较低,束缚水／自由水比及水分利用效率一般,它的抗旱性强于紫穗槐,但比差巴嘎蒿差。     

Development of microsatellite markers for the critically endangered Limonium dufourii (Girard) Kuntze (Plumbaginaceae)

Limonium dufourii is an endemic plant from the eastern Mediterranean coast of Spain with a triploid chromosome number and apomictic reproduction. We have isolated and characterized 13 polymorphic microsatellite loci from an enriched library in order to investigate its population genetic structure. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were screened in 120 individuals from the six extant populations of this species. They show an average of 5.76 alleles per locus, ranging from 2 to 18, with seven loci exhibiting heterozygosities larger than 0.60. Three loci present one single allele in each individual, whereas one locus presents three alleles in every individual analysed.