城市雨洪管理低影响开发技术研究与利用进展

低影响开发(LID)作为一种新兴雨水管理技术,在消减城市雨洪和滞留污染物等方面效果显著.本文系统介绍了LID技术体系,综述了国外关于3类典型LID设施(生物滞留池、绿色屋顶和透水路面)对暴雨径流和主要污染物的消减效果研究,以及LID技术在模型模拟、成本效益分析和管理体系等方面的研究成果和经验;并在此基础上分析了目前LID技术存在的问题和研究的不足;最后从LID技术的研究方向、合理设计和科学管理等方面提出建议.旨在通过国外研究的成果和经验为LID技术在国内的标准制定和广泛实践提供科学依据和建议.
     

Stratigraphy and facies of an oligocene fringing reef (Castro Limestone,Salento Peninsula,Southern Italy)

Summary The coastline of the Salento Peninsula (Apulia region, Southern Italy) is characterized by a rocky shore with spectacular cliffs where the investigated fringing reef complex, the so called Castro Limestone, spectacularly outcrops for at least 40 km. As reconstructed from several measured sections, the Castro Limestone, which is Middle Chattian in age from our own data, disconformably mantles a tectonically deformed falaise of Cretaceous-Eocene rocks and is overlain by a remarkable erosional surface characterized by a very peculiar rhodolite rudstone. The Castro Limestone unit can be considered as a classic unconformity bounded depositional sequence representing, most probably, a shelf margin prograding complex, related to the major Middle Oligocene sea level lowstand. Stratigraphic and sedimentologic features, together with paleontological characters, allow recognition of a virtually complete range of reef environments across the reef profile. Several geomorphic zones and associated facies are described, from the most landward reef area (‘back reef’) across the reef flat and reef from downward to the fore reef slope, contributing to a better knowledge of the evolution of Oligocene reefs and reef communities in Italy and in the Mediterranean area.     

清新和阳山县圆叶乌桕群落物种多样性和优势种群动态探讨

为了解亚热带地区石灰岩山地圆叶乌桕(Triadica rotundifolia)群落的变化规律,应用样方调查法,对广东省清新县和阳山县两片石灰岩山区圆叶乌桕群落的物种多样性及其种群动态进行了研究。结果表明,在两个面积为2400 m2的样方中,共有维管植物140种,隶属于65科118属。群落均以大戟科、茜草科、芸香科、桑科和木犀科为优势科;其种子植物属的分布区类型以热带分布型为主,占总属数的79.6%,温带分布型属占18.3%。除草本层均匀度外,清新群落的各层丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度指数均比阳山群落的高。清新的圆叶乌桕种群缺乏小苗,为不稳定种群; 而阳山的圆叶乌桕种群相对年轻,为稳定种群。随着群落的演替发展,群落中圆叶乌桕的优势地位终将被其它耐荫型树种所取代。     

A new species of fossil Scutus Montfort, 1810 from New Zealand (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Fissurellidae)

ABSTRACT

A new fossil species of the genus Scutus (Scutus mirus n. sp.) is described from five Late Oligocene to Early Miocene (Waitakian to Altonian; 25.2–15.9?Ma) localities in the South Island, New Zealand. It is one of the oldest fossil species of Scutus known and probably inhabited very shallow, sub-tropical waters surrounding Zealandia during this time. The holotype of Scutus petrafixus Finlay, 1930 is re-examined; it is possibly from All Day Bay, Kakanui (Waitakian 25.2–21.7?Ma). The New Zealand species documented herein significantly expand our understanding of the fossil record of this shallow-marine molluscan lineage, and by proxy, also indicate the presence of very shallow coastal marine environments around the late Oligocene and early Miocene in southern Zealandia.     

Organic matter accumulation in the bottom sediments and its regulatory aspects in the southern basin of Lake Biwa

Approximately 14 million people get their drinking and industrial water from the most southern part of Lake Biwa. This shallow region, however, has been eutrophicated severely from year to year by nutrients loading from both the surrounding inflowing rivers and the north basin. Sedimented solids of the surface layer of bottom sediments are stirred up very frequently by strong winds and waves in this shallow region. Moreover, the water quality has been deteriorated by the release of nutrients from the surface layer of bottom sediments in which organic matter has accumulated. For the period 1989 to 1990, the suspended solids content had a close correlation with the COD value, and the T-N and T-P concentrations in the water of inflowing rivers to the basin. T-N release rate from the surface layer of bottom sediments ranged from 6.3 to 213.8 mg m^-2 d^-1 and the release load was 936 kg d^-1 for the entire 58 km² of the south basin. On the other hand, T-P release rate ranted from 0.91 to 3.56 mg m^-2 d^-1 and the total release load was approximately 69 kg d^-1 in the basin. Suction dredging of organic matter rich sediments was carried out in the basin to improve the water quality. Removed sediments were used after processing for various kinds of construction materials, such as bricks for pavement, walls of domestic houses, and ornamental materials of public buildings.     

Biodeterioration of Mayan archaeological sites in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

Many of the monuments of the Mayan civilization are suffering deterioration caused by environmental factors (high temperatures and relative humidities), increasing contamination from natural and anthropogenic sources, and by the action of micro- and macro-biological communities. Archaeological sites and historical monuments in the Mayan area were constructed with different limestones which offer different resistances to degradation by the various types of contamination. Two different sampling sites were chosen at the archaeological site of Uxmal in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Heterotrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria and different fungi were isolated and classified taxonomically. The other archaeological site chosen for this study was the fortress of Tulum, located at the side of the Caribbean Sea and exposed to chloride of marine spray and sand erosion. In this case, heterotrophic aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, cyanobacteria and fungi were isolated from the four sampling areas selected. In both archaeological sites crust deposits were observed by using light microscopy, SEM and ESEM. Surface analyses were made by means of EDAX and electron microprobe. Possible mechanisms of stone decay, based on the type of microorganisms isolated, the physico-chemical characteristics of the constructional materials and environmental factors are discussed.     

KATANIN and CLASP function at different spatial scales to mediate microtubule response to mechanical stress in Arabidopsis cotyledons

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AN ASSESSMENT OF VARIABILITY IN THEROPOD DINOSAUR REMAINS FROM THE BATHONIAN (MIDDLE JURASSIC) OF STONESFIELD AND NEW PARK QUARRY, UK AND TAXONOMIC IMPLICATIONS FOR MEGALOSAURUS BUCKLANDII AND ILIOSUCHUS INCOGNITUS

Abstract:  The assemblage of large-bodied theropod remains from the Taynton Limestone Formation (middle Bathonian) of Stonesfield, Oxfordshire and the Chipping Norton Limestone Formation (lowest Bathonian) of New Park Quarry, Gloucestershire, UK is interpreted as monospecific. An assessment of morphological variation in theropod fossils from these localities reveals no taxonomically-significant variation among remains representing large-bodied individuals. Previous observations of anatomical variation among femora, ilia and scapulocoracoids are attributed to postmortem damage and deformation. Referral of all such material to the first named dinosaur taxon, Megalosaurus bucklandii Mantell, is therefore justified. ' Iliosuchus incognitus ' lacks autapomorphies and is a nomen dubium . However, other remains of small-bodied theropods from Stonesfield indicate a minimum of two small-bodied taxa that are distinct from M. bucklandii.