Molecular simulation of swelling and structure for Na-Wyoming montmorillonite in supercritical CO2

Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo (GEMC) simulations were used to study the swelling stability and interlayer structures of Na-montmorillonite clay in supercritical CO₂ (scCO₂). From the GEMC simulation, it was found that there exist several stable mechanical spacings for Na-Wyoming montmorillonite immersed in scCO₂, which are larger than the stable spacing in vacuum condition. The swelling behaviour of Na-montmorillonite clay in scCO₂ fluid is thermodynamically favourable. However, it was also observed that the clay swelling is inhibited when in contact with CO₂ gas at atmospheric pressure. The interlayer structures were applied to investigate the mechanism of swelling. In the case of stable spacings, the interlayer sodium cations are not only well solvated with the surrounding CO₂ molecules but also show stronger tendency to adhere to the clay surface.     

The effects of long-standing limb loss on anatomical reorganization of the somatosensory afferents in the brainstem and spinal cord

We examined the terminations of sensory afferents in the brainstem and spinal cord of squirrel monkeys and prosimian galagos 4-8 years after a therapeutic forelimb or hindlimb amputation within 2 months of birth. In each animal, the distributions of labeled sensory afferent terminations from remaining body parts proximal to the limb stump were much more extensive than in normal animals. These sprouted afferents extended into the portions of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord as well as the cuneate and external cuneate nuclei of the brainstem (forelimb amputees) or spinal Clarke's column (hindlimb amputee) related to the amputated limb. Such reorganization in sensory afferents along with reorganization of the motor efferents to muscles (Wu and Kaas, J Neurosci 19 : 7679-7697, 1999, Neuron 28 : 967-978, 2000) may provide a basis for mislocated phantom sensations of missing forelimb movements accompanying actual shoulder movements during cortical stimulation or movement imagery in patients with amputations.     

The comparison of immune-enhancing activity of sulfated polysaccharidses from Tremella and Condonpsis pilosula

Based on our previous research, four sulfated polysaccharide (sPSs) from Tremella and Condonpsis pilosula, sTPS_tp, sTPS_70c, sCPPS_tp and sCPPS_50c, were prepared and their effects on splenic lymphocytes proliferation in vitro and the immune response of ND vaccine in chicken were compared taking the unmodified polysaccharide (uPS) TPS_tp as control. The results showed that four sPSs could significantly or numerically stimulate splenic lymphocyte proliferation singly or synergistically with LPS in vitro, sTPS_70c and sCPPS_tp demonstrated better effect; promote peripheral lymphocytes proliferation and enhance serum HI antibody titer in chickens vaccinated with ND vaccine, the actions of sPSs were stronger than that of uPS, and sTPS_70c at medium dosage presented the best efficacy. These indicated that sulfation modification could improve the immune-enhancing activity of TPS and CPPS, sTPS_70c possessed the strongest activity and would be expected as a component of new-type immunopotentiator.     

门诊患者医疗服务感受度影响因素研究

??????? 目的 了解门诊患者对就医服务感受度影响因素,以期提高患者满意度。 方法 现场问卷调查法、专家访谈法。 结果 患者在门诊过程中最为关注的就诊流程、等候时间、就医环境、医德医风四个因素,非常看重医护人员服务规范,服务流程便捷流畅。病情不同患者对等候时间要求不同,对医院熟悉程度与就诊环境感受度不同。结论 在门诊服务中为患者提供便捷流畅、规范化的服务,同时应注重患者的不同服务需求。     

Orthotopic Hind Limb Transplantation in the Mouse

In vivo animal model systems, and in particular mouse models, have evolved into powerful and versatile scientific tools indispensable to basic and translational research in the field of transplantation medicine. A vast array of reagents is available exclusively in this setting, including mono- and polyclonal antibodies for both diagnostic and interventional applications. In addition, a vast number of genotyped, inbred, transgenic, and knock out strains allow detailed investigation of the individual contributions of humoral and cellular components to the complex interplay of an immune response and make the mouse the gold standard for immunological research. Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) delineates a novel field of transplantation using allografts to replace "like with like" in patients suffering traumatic or congenital tissue loss. This surgical methodological protocol shows the use of a non-suture cuff technique for super-microvascular anastomosis in an orthotopic mouse hind limb transplantation model. The model specifically allows for comparison between established paradigms in solid organ transplantation with a novel form of transplants consisting of various different tissue components. Uniquely, this model allows for the transplantation of a viable vascularized bone marrow compartment and niche that have the potential to exert a beneficial effect on the balance of immune acceptance and rejection. This technique provides a tool to investigate alloantigen recognition and allograft rejection and acceptance, as well as enables the pursuit of functional nerve regeneration studies to further advance this novel field of transplantation.     

不同贮藏条件对五味子质量的影响

基于多元活性成分同时测定结合多元统计分析探讨不同贮藏条件对五味子药材质量的影响。采用超快速液相色谱-三重四极杆/线性离子阱质谱(UFLC-QTRAP-MS/MS)同时测定不同贮藏条件(包装材料,贮藏温度)五味子中木脂素(五味子酯乙、五味子醇乙、五味子丙素、五味子乙素、五味子甲素、五味子酯甲、五味子醇甲、五味子酚、戈米辛D、戈米辛J、当归酰基戈米辛H)及有机酸(L-苹果酸、酒石酸、原儿茶酸、奎宁酸)共15种指标成分的含量;根据15种目标成分的含量,用灰色关联度分析和TOPSIS法对不同贮藏五味子进行综合评价。结果表明,15种化合物在一定浓度范围内均呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999 1;精密度、重复性和稳定性良好;平均加样回收率在96.64%～99.96%之间,RSD均小于5%。灰色关联度分析中r_i的最大差异较小为57.5%,TOPSIS法中C_i值的最大差异较大为81.3%,两种结果均显示S4、S3、S1的综合质量较好,五味子的适宜贮藏条件为以聚乙烯密封袋为外包装存放于阴凉库。所建立的方法准确、可靠,可用于五味子药材内在质量的综合评价,本研究可为五味子适宜储藏条件的优选提供基础资料。     

Climate change and voltinism of Mythimna sequax: the location and choice of phenological models matter

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