A highly conserved Wnt-dependent TCF4 binding site within the proximal enhancer of the anti-myogenic Msx1 gene supports expression within Pax3-expressing limb bud muscle precursor cells

The product of the Msx1 gene is a potent inhibitor of muscle differentiation. Msx1 is expressed in muscle precursor cells of the limb bud that also express Pax3. It is thought that Msx1 may facilitate distal migration by delaying myogenesis in these cells. Despite the role played by Msx1 in inhibiting muscle differentiation, nothing is known of the mechanisms that support the expression of the Msx1 gene within limb bud muscle precursor cells. In the present study we have used a combination of comparative genomics, mouse transgenic analysis, in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry to identify a highly conserved and tissue-specific regulatory sub-domain within the previously characterised Msx1 gene proximal enhancer element that supports the expression of the Msx1 gene in Pax3-expressing mouse limb pre-muscle masses. Furthermore, using a combination of in situ hybridisation, in vivo ChIP assay and transgenic explant culture analysis we provide evidence that Msx1 expression in limb bud muscle precursor cells is dependent on the canonical Wnt/TCF signalling pathway that is important in muscle shape formation. The results of these studies provide evidence of a mechanistic link between the Wnt/TCF and the Msx1/Pax3/MyoD pathways within limb bud muscle precursor cells.     

吻合皮下静脉的带蒂皮瓣修复四肢皮肤软组织缺损的效果分析

摘要 目的：探讨与分析吻合皮下静脉的带蒂皮瓣修复四肢皮肤软组织缺损的效果。方法：选择2018年12月到2021年12月在本院创伤造成的四肢皮肤软组织缺损60例患者作为研究对象,将其随机分为吻合皮下静脉带蒂皮瓣组与传统带蒂皮瓣组各30例。吻合皮下静脉带蒂皮瓣组给予吻合皮下静脉的带蒂皮瓣修复治疗,传统带蒂皮瓣组给予常规直接覆盖创面修复治疗。结果：所有患者都顺利完成手术,吻合皮下静脉带蒂皮瓣组围手术指标时间均较传统带蒂皮瓣组少（P<0.05）。吻合皮下静脉带蒂皮瓣组术后3个月的总有效率为96.7 %,高于传统带蒂皮瓣组的76.7 %（P<0.05）。吻合皮下静脉带蒂皮瓣组术后3个月的并发症发生率较传统带蒂皮瓣组低（P<0.05）。吻合皮下静脉带蒂皮瓣组术后6个月的感觉功能恢复情况好于传统带蒂皮瓣组（P<0.05）。结论：吻合皮下静脉的带蒂皮瓣能促进患者的创面愈合,提高治疗效果,减少并发症,加快恢复患者的四肢皮肤软组织缺损。     

游离股前外侧皮瓣修复对急诊肢体复合组织缺损患者近期和远期预后的影响

摘要 目的：探讨与分析游离股前外侧皮瓣修复对急诊肢体复合组织缺损患者近期和远期预后的影响。方法：2015年4月到2021年9月选择在本院急诊的下肢复合组织缺损患者66例作为研究对象,根据1:1随机分配原则把患者分为研究组与对照组各33例。研究组给予游离股前外侧皮瓣修复治疗,对照组给予下肢外侧皮瓣修复治疗,观察与随访患者的近期和远期预后情况。结果：所有患者都顺利完成急诊修复治疗,所有皮瓣都创面都Ⅰ期愈合,研究组的术后住院时间、术后换药次数、术后上皮组织完全覆盖创面时间、术后创面愈合时间少于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组术后3个月的皮瓣血供优良率为100.0 %,高于对照组的84.8 %（P<0.05）。研究组术后3个月的血肿、伤口感染、血管危象、骨髓炎等并发症发生率为3.0 %,低于对照组的27.3 %（P<0.05）。研究组术后12个月的皮瓣保护性感觉率为100.0 %,高于对照组的78.8 %（P<0.05）。结论：游离股前外侧皮瓣修复在急诊肢体复合组织缺损患者的应用能促进患者康复,提高皮瓣血供优良率,还可减少并发症的发生,改善患者远期的皮瓣保护性感觉状况。     

紫花芒花芽生长发育规律

用环剥摘叶法和石蜡切片法对紫花芒花芽生长发育规律进行研究,结果表明:紫花芒花芽生理分化期开始于末次梢停长后1 ～6周(11月初) ,到11月23日为止,75 %以上的芽完成了生理分化。形态分化始期为末次梢停长后3 ～4周(11月中旬) ,到第二年1月中下旬止,持续时间为60 ～75 d。从10月30日到11月6日为花芽未分化期或是处于叶芽期,11月16日至次年1月4日为花芽分化前期,11月16日至次年1月8日为花序分化期,12月21日至次年1月8日为花序第一分枝分化期,12月21日至次年1月14日为花序第二分枝分化期,1月8日至1月26日,开始花序基部的小花花器官的分化,先是花萼、花瓣的分化,接着为雄蕊、雌蕊、蜜盘的形成,此为花器官分化期。     

Schwannomas of the peroneal nerves: Clinical and functional results of surgical treatment

Objectives:Peroneal nerves Schwannomas are rare benign tumors. Literature is still poor of studies about clinical and functional outcomes after surgical treatment. We evaluated the pre-operative presentation of the disease and assessed clinical and functional outcomes after surgery.Methods:We collected all the cases of peroneal nerves’ neurinoma treated surgically between June 2016 and June 2020. We analyzed each patients’ personal data and carried out accurate clinical examinations before and after surgery. MRI was performed both pre-operatively and post-operatively.Results:We reported 9 cases of peroneal nerves schwannomas: five arising from the common peroneal nerve and four arising from the deep or superficial branches alone. Their mean size was 22.6 mm. Each patient showed sensation deficits before surgery; pre-operative MRC score was 4.2. Pre-Operative MSTS and LEFS scores were 23.6 and 64.4. Surgery was successful in each case. No local recurrence nor major complication occurred. Tumor size was significantly associated with both diagnostic delay and development of pre-operative deficits. Surgery was proven to be globally successful: post-operative evaluations highlighted a marked reduction of neurological signs and overall functional limitations.Conclusions:Surgical treatment at early stages of the disease represents a reliable and relatively safe therapeutic option.     

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activator proteins are required for a subset of the functions disrupted by protein phosphatase 2A mutations

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, PTPA is encoded by two genes, YPA1 and YPA2. In order to examine the biological role of PTPA as potential regulator of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), we compared the phenotypes of the ypaDelta mutants with these of PP2A-deficient strains. While deletion of both YPA genes is lethal, deletion of YPA1 alone results in a phenotype resembling that of PP2A-deficient strains in specific aspects such as aberrant bud morphology, abnormal actin distribution, and similar growth defects under various growth conditions. These phenotypes were even more pronounced when YPA1 was deleted in a pph21Delta genetic background. Moreover, ypaDelta mutants are hypersensitive to nocodazole and show inappropriate mitotic spindle formation as previously described for mutants in the catalytic subunit of PP2A, suggesting that Ypa, like PP2A, has a function in mitotic spindle formation. These results are consistent with an in vivo role of Ypa as a regulator of PP2A. However, unlike a PP2A-deficient strain, ypaDelta mutants do not show a G2 arrest. Therefore, Ypa does not seem to play a role in the regulation of PP2A at this stage of the cell cycle. These results imply that Ypa regulates a specific subset of PP2A functions, possibly by controlling the subunit composition of PP2A.     

Expression of TGFβ3 RNA during chick embryogenesis: a possible important role in cardiovascular development

Formin was originally isolated as the gene affected by the murine limb deformity (ld) mutations, which disrupt the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions regulating patterning of the vertebrate limb autopod. More recently, a rapidly growing number of genes with similarity to formin have been isolated from many different species including fungi and plants. Genetic and biochemical analysis shows that formin family members function in cellular processes regulating either cytokinesis and/or cell polarisation. Another common feature among formin family members is their requirement in morphogenetic processes such as budding and conjugation of yeast, establishment of Drosophila oocyte polarity and vertebrate limb pattern formation. Vertebrate formins are predominantly nuclear proteins which control polarising activity in limb buds through establishment of the SHH/FGF-4 feedback loop. Formin acts in the limb bud mesenchyme to induce apical ectodermal ridge (AER) differentiation and FGF-4 expression in the posterior AER compartment. Finally, disruption of the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions controlling induction of metanephric kidneys in ld mutant embryos indicates that formin might function more generally in transduction of morphogenetic signals during embryonic pattern formation. Received: 24 September 1998 / Accepted: 30 September 1998