用显微分离和超敏感银染电泳方法研究百合减数第一分裂周期蛋白质变化

利用"显微操作人工分离单细胞"、"微量蛋白SDS-PAGE"和"超敏感银染"技术对百合花粉母细胞减数第一分裂周期蛋白质组成与变化作了比较研究。100个百合减数分裂单细胞可检测到25条以上的蛋白质谱带。前期与中期蛋白质谱带数与谱型基本相似,并且未呈现明显变化。后期和末期谱型相同,但与前期和中期相比出现明显变化, 185KD谱带在后期和末期中出现, 28KD、27KD、26KD、24KD、23KD、22KD、18KD、16KD 8条谱带消失和H4变浅, H3完全消失。可以认为,本工作建立的实验方法和所得初步结果对开展高等植物减数分裂周期调控生化机理研究有一定参考价值。     

细叶百合无性繁殖条件的选择

以栽培的2 年生细叶百合(Lilium pumilum DC.)鳞茎为扦插材料, 将鳞茎分内、中、外三层剥取其鳞片, 观察鳞片在不同温度、光照强度、基质中的扦插生小鳞茎的效果。扦插40d 时, 鳞片基本枯萎, 此时的实验结果是:①影响扦插效果的重要因子是温度和光强, 25℃高温避光生鳞茎最佳;其次是鳞片位置, 中鳞片和外鳞片好于内鳞片;基质对扦插影响不大。②每百鳞片生小鳞茎数和小鳞茎直径呈正相关。③相同条件下, 相同部位的刀切鳞茎段所产生小鳞茎数量明显高于手掰的整片鳞片, 这一现象至今未见报导。     

兰州百合器官离体培养外植体位置效应观察

探讨兰州百合 (Liliumdavidiivar.unicolor)鳞茎鳞片、叶片和根的不同切段的培养效应。结果表明 :其切段不定芽的分化速度和数量是下段 >中段 >上段。芽的诱导和增殖的最适外植体为鳞茎鳞片 ,兰州百合离体培养中鳞片不定芽诱导和快速繁殖的培养基为MS BA2mg L NAA 0 2mg L ,增殖培养基与诱导培养基相同 ,3周左右不定芽开始分化。叶和根不同部位中不定芽的发育能力大体与鳞茎鳞片一致 ,但低于鳞片 ,较适宜的培养基为MS BA2mg L NAA 0 4mg L ,生根培养基为 1 2MS NAA 0 3mg L ,约 15d生根 ,生根率大于95 %。月增殖率为 1∶4 ,整个繁殖周期约需 3个月。     

Photosynthetic Characteristic of Three Varieties of Lilium (Liliaceae)“Oriental Hybrids”in the Middle of Yunnan Province

To understand the ecophysiological adaptation of Lilium“Oriental Hybrids”which was grown for the commercial bulb, the gas exchange, leaf N and chlorophyll content of three varieties were investigated in the middle of Yunnan province. Among three varieties, light saturated photosynthetic rate at ambient CO₂ (A_max ) of“Siberia”was the highest, while“Siberia” (was the lowest. The difference in A_max was related to the carboxylation efficiency (CE), leaf mass per unit area and leaf N content per mass, which indicated that their photosynthetic capacity was influenced by the activity and/or the number of Rubisco. Three varieties had lower photosynthetic saturation point and photosynthetic compensation point, but their photosynthetic rate not decreased up to 2 000μmol m^{- 2} s ^{- 1}. This indicated that three varieties had broad adaptability to light intensity. There were significant differences in photosynthetic optimum temperature among three varieties. However, the variety“Siberia”had the highest photosynthetic optimum temperature ( 25.5℃- 34.9℃ ), and it was suitable to grow in the warm area. “Sorbonne”had the lowest photosynthetic optimum temperature ( 19.3℃- 25.6℃ ), and it can be grown in the cool area.“Tiber”could maintain high photosynthetic rate at a wide range of temperature, so it was more suitable for the climate in the middle of Yunnan province.     

Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from suspension cell cultures of Lilium×formolongi hort. Using a bioreactor system

Summary In vitro seedlings of Lilium × formolongi Hort. evs. Norikula, RaiZen No. 1, RaiZen No. 3, RaiZen Early, and Bailansa were used to induce callus by variously modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) media, using protocols for flask culture and bioreactor culture. Green embryogenic callus proliferated from roots near the base of bulblets of five varieties on media containing 0.53–5.3 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 28 cell lines were obtained by subcultures on the same medium. For flask culture, the fresh weight (FW) of embryogenic cell clumps doubled every 4 wk on MS basal salts supplemented with 0.53°M NAA and 30 g l⁻¹ sucrose. The maximum frequency of somatic embryos that developed into plantlets was 76.67±17% when plated onto solid MS basal medium without plant growth regulators (PGRs). Among the treatments using four types of bioreactors, the best cell growth and regeneration rate (74±0.14%) of somatic embryos was in a modified 2–1 bioreactor. Cells incubated in the other three bioreactors furned brown and died. Histological study revealed that regeneration was by somatic embryogenesis. The regenerants showed normal growth and flowering after 8–9 mo, in the field. A cell line of cv. Norikula has been subcultured in MS basal salts containing 0.53 μM NAA every 2 mo. for 6 yr. The cell aggregates became more synchronous and many typical embryogenic cells with dense cytoplasm were observed under a light microscope. The long-term embryogenic cells plated on MS basal medium still gave rise to numerous somatic embryos and converted into plantlets.     

Somatic embryogenesis through pseudo-bulblet transverse thin cell layer of Lilium longiflorum

Somatic embryogenesis was achieved directly from pseudo-bulblettransverse thin cell layers (tTCL) of Lilium longiflorum.Embryo-like structures (globular embryos) were obtained from different sizeexplants of pseudo-bulblet tTCLs after 45 days culture on Murashige and Skoog,1962 (MS) medium containing 5.4 M naphthalene acetic acid(NAA)and 1.1 M thidiazuron (TDZ). The embryo-like structures werethen isolated and mass proliferated on MS medium, containing 5.4M NAA and 0.4 M TDZ, every 45 days. A0.8–1.0 mm thick explant was shown to be optimal forobtaining the highest number of embryo-like structures. For plant regenerationthese structures were transferred to hormone-free MS medium with 30g/l sucrose. All of these structures formedplantlets after 90 days culture.     

Molecular and physiological characterisation of a 14-3-3 protein from lily pollen grains regulating the activity of the plasma membrane H+ ATPase during pollen grain germination and tube growth

A 14-3-3 protein has been cloned and sequenced from a cDNA library constructed from mRNAs of mature pollen grains of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. Monoclonal antibodies (MUP 5 or MUP 15) highly specific against 14-3-3 proteins recognised a 30-kDa protein in the cytoplasmic fraction of many various lily tissues (leaves, bulbs, stems, anther filaments, pollen grains, stigmas) and in other plants (Arabidopsis seedlings, barley recombinant 14-3-3). In addition, 14-3-3 proteins were detected in a microsomal fraction isolated from pollen grains and tubes, and the amount of membrane-bound 14-3-3 proteins as well as the amount of the plasma membrane (PM) H⁺ ATPase increased during germination of pollen grains and tube growth. No change was observed in the cytoplasmic fraction. A further increase in the amount of 14-3-3 proteins in the microsomal fraction was observed when pollen grains were incubated in germination medium containing 1 μM fusicoccin (FC) whereas the number of 14-3-3s in the cytoplasmic fraction decreased. Fusicoccin also protected membrane-bound 14-3-3 proteins from dissociation after washing with the chaotropic salt KI. Furthermore, FC stimulated the PM H⁺ ATPase activity, the germination frequency and the growth rate of pollen tubes, thus indicating that a modulation of the PM H⁺ ATPase activity by interaction with 14-3-3 proteins may regulate germination and tube growth of lily pollen. Received: 20 June 2000 / Accepted: 2 October 2000     

A survey of proteinases active during meiotic development

Microsporogenesis in Lilium longiflorum Thunb. is a naturally synchronous process and affords a system in which to study stage-specific events of meiosis and anther development. Zymogram gel analyses were conducted with extracts from a variety of stages of anther development to identify proteinases which likely play roles in anther metabolism. These experiments revealed that several proteinases are present at different stages of anther development, and class-specific inhibitors were used to classify these enzymes. Proteolytic activities increased as anther development proceeded and these activities were temporally correlated with the apoptotic events which precede dehiscence, as well as with events crucial for the maturation of viable pollen. Received: 12 October 1999 / Accepted: 13 November 1999     

百合转录因子MYB12的克隆与表达分析

以东方百合‘索邦’(Lilium oriental hybrid ‘Sorbonne’)为材料,克隆获得花青素苷生物合成通路中的关键转录因子Lhsor MYB12基因。序列分析结果显示,Lhsor MYB12最大开放阅读框长720 bp,编码239个氨基酸,具有2个典型的DNA结合结构域;该基因包括3个外显子和2个内含子。该基因的氨基酸序列与郁金香(Tulipa fosteriana W. Irving)中的MYB氨基酸序列相似性最高。系统进化分析结果表明,Lhsor MYB12在MYB基因家族中与已报道的控制花青素苷合成的基因形成一簇。进一步采用染色体步移技术,获得了Lhsor MYB12基因起始密码子上游2143 bp的启动子序列,顺式作用元件预测结果显示,该序列中除核心启动子元件(TATA box)外,还包含有MYB蛋白的绑定位点、光反应元件以及参与昼夜节律等反应的相关元件。基因表达分析结果表明,Lhsor MYB12仅在‘索邦’花丝、花柱和花被片中表达;且在花蕾发育过程中表达量逐渐增高,花蕾盛开时表达量最大,但内、外花被的表达起始阶段不同。黑暗处理可导致Lhsor MYB12表达水平降低;光照条件下该基因的表达水平随处理时间的延长表现出先上升后下降再持续上升的趋势。研究结果提示Lhsor MYB12的表达变化规律可能与其启动子中相应的顺式作用元件相关。     

Analysis of the coat protein gene and untranslated region of RNA3 of Cucumber Mosaic Virus isolates infecting various Lilium species and hybrids: association of the isolate infecting asiatic hybrid lily with subgroup II

The variability in the coat protein gene of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) isolates from various Lilium species and hybrids namely L. longiflorum, L. tigrinum, Asiatic hybrid and Oriental hybrid lilies was studied by sequence comparison of ～900 bp regions spanning the entire coat protein, intercistronic regions and 3′-UTR. CMV isolate characterised from Asiatic hybrid lily showed the highest homology with subgroup II isolates (94 – 97%), whereas 73 – 76% homology was observed with those belonging to subgroup I. Similarly, another three isolates showed 91 – 98% amino acid sequence homology with subgroup I and 74 – 76% sequence homology with subgroup II. Based on the criteria for classification of CMV isolates all the Indian isolates fall in subgroup I, except the one characterized from Asiatic Hybrid lily which falls into subgroup II. Other lily isolates from world were placed in subgroup II. This is the first case of Asiatic hybrid lily CMV isolate belonging to subgroup II.