Cytogenetic Behavior, Chromosomal Differentiations, and Geographic Distribution in Lilium lancifolium (Liliaceae)

Abstract Lilium lancifolium Thunb, is the only polyploid species complex consisting of 2x (2n=24) and 3x (2n=36) forms in the genus, both of which are highly self-sterile. They are cytologically differentiated into various nucleolar types by number and combination of four kinds of nucleolar chromosomes. The 3x form is widespread from the North-East district of China to the Japanese Islands through the Korean Peninsula. However, the 2x form is localized and grows singly or together with the 3x form in the narrow zone from southern Korea to the Tsushima Islands, Japan. The 2x form reproduces by sexual as well as by asexual means, but a sterile 3x form has asexually persisted to the present. Generally speaking, the 3x form is the allotriploid which has originated from hybridization between a 2x form and a closely related species such as L. maximowiczii in the remote past. In the present study, another possibility for the presence of the autotriploid form is newly proposed based on its karyotype and geographic distribution.     

Does Lilium bosniacum merit species rank? A classical and molecular-cytogenetic analysis

Four populations of the Balkan endemic taxon Lilium bosniacum from Bosnia and Herzegovina were investigated. Conventional karyological study did not reveal any important differences. Molecular-cytogenetic studies pointed out certain interpopulation and intrapopulation variability, and important differences in organization of ribosomal genes in regard to its closest relative L. carniolicum. The results of fluorochrome banding and FISH experiment for L. bosniacum were reported here for the first time. Differences occurred in the number and position of 18S-5.8S-26S ribosomal gene loci for some individuals from population Kladanj. Heterochromatic bands revealed with DAPI after FISH experiment were constant. All investigated populations possess the same number of active NORs except some individuals from Kladanj population. Genome size and GC-bases percentage, estimated by flow cytometry, did not show any significant difference among the populations. However, the present results reveal clear interspecific differentiation between two endemics, L. carniolicum and L. bosniacum.     

豹子花属及百合属13种25居群的核型研究

采用常规压片法对豹子花属6种11居群和百合属7种14居群进行了核型研究,并用不对称系数AI度量核型不对称性,以CVCL-CVCI散点图比较近缘类群之间的亲缘关系。结果表明： 1）除美丽豹子花 No-mocharis basilissa 为三倍体外,其余全为二倍体 2）核型在种间、居群间存在变异,特别是在随体染色体的数目和位置以及B染色体的有无上种间存在明显差别 3） CVCL-CVCI散点图显示豹子花属与百合属关系密切 4）染色体结构变异产生数量和类型不同的次缢痕,是豹子花属植物进化的主要方式。豹子花属在从其起源地和分化中心高黎贡山向四周扩散时,细胞核型方面伴随着出现了非整倍体、三倍体、 B染色体和次缢痕进化的类型.     

一种崂山百合的离体快速繁殖技术

以崂山百合的鳞茎为外植体,通过植物组织培养技术成功获得了再生植株,建立了该植物的快速无性繁殖体系。整个组织培养过程分为芽的诱导、根的诱导和移栽三个阶段。适合芽诱导的最佳外植体是：鳞茎基部,最适培养基是：1／2MS＋0．5mg／LNAA＋0．8mg,LKT＋3％蔗糖。用于生根的最佳培养基是：1／2MS＋0．4mg/LIBA＋3％蔗糖。最适培养温度为25℃．不同基质对组培苗移栽的成活率有一定影响,其中在珍珠岩上的移栽成活率为98％。     

镰刀菌诱导的泸定百合SSH文库构建及抗病相关基因筛选

该研究以泸定百合(Lilium sargentiae Wilson)为材料,构建其组培苗经百合尖孢镰刀菌侵染后的叶片SSH文库,从中筛选镰刀菌枯萎病抗病相关基因。从正向SSH文库中随机挑取300个单克隆测序后得到280条ESTs,进行功能比对分析后,除去未知功能、沉冗蛋白以及无同源序列,得到有功能的ESTs共168条,其功能涉及信号传导、蛋白质合成与代谢、抗病与防御、物质与能量代谢、转录相关等多种途径,其中有31条ESTs与抗病防御相关。从抗病防御相关基因中选取8条ESTs:过氧化氢酶、ATP结合盒转运蛋白(ABC transporter)、Kunitz型胰蛋白酶抑制剂4(Kunitz trypsin inhibitor 4)、丝氨酸乙醛酸氨基转移酶、多聚泛素、脂氧合酶I(Lipoxygenase I)、丝氨酸/苏安酸蛋白激酶(Serine/Threonine-protein kinase)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(Arabidopsis thaliana),通过RTPCR对其表达情况进行分析,发现经镰刀菌诱导后均为上调表达,推测它们可能参与了泸定百合镰刀菌枯萎病的抗病反应途径。     

百合属5种植物的比较转录组分析

百合属植物是多年生的宿根草本植物,具有重要的观赏价值,有的种可食用也可药用。本研究对百合属4种植物(细叶百合、川百合、卷丹和百合)花的转录组进行测序,并结合前期的野百合的转录组数据进行比较转录组分析,鉴别花发育相关基因。并筛选出5种植物的直系同源基因,进而检测正选择基因,分析它们对环境的适应性。通过组装分别在细叶百合、川百合、卷丹以及百合花中获得了44565、51413、41638和44716个unigene。为了了解unigene功能信息,将其在公共数据库中进行比对和注释,发现了13个花发育相关基因。另外,在5个物种间共获得8247对直系同源基因,并计算其Ka、Ks及Ka/Ks值。在5个物种中有33对直系同源基因受到了强烈的正选择作用,随后对其进行GO、KEGG功能富集分析及基因功能注释,发现这些基因主要是与抗性以及生物合成相关的基因。     

Distribution of F-actin and Microtubules in Pollen and Pollen Tube of Lilium davidii

F-actin and microtubules are important components of pollen tube, which have very important function in cytoplasm streaming of pollen tube. The authors observed the distribution of Factin and microtubules in the pollen tube of Lilium davidii Duch. by immunofluorescence technique and confocol laser scanning microscopy, through which some new results were obtained. 1. Chemical fixation could preserve F-actin well in pollen tube, so the relation between F-actin and microtubules could be studied by the methods of chemical fixation and fluorescence labelling in pollen tube. 2. F-actin bundles were absent near the pollen tube tip, while microtubules were abundant and web formed in the pollen tube tip. The authors found that the terminal of microtubules was closely associated with the plasma membrane in the pollen tube tip. 3. Only a few F-actin bundles co-exist with the microtubules in the pollen tube of Lilium davidii. The results provided new evidence for the fimction and relationship between F-actin and microtubules in the pollen tube.     

百合属4种植物的核型研究

采用常规压片法对4种百合属植物野百合(L.brow n ii F.E.B row n ex M ie llez.)、兰州百合(L.d av id iiDuchartre var.un icolor(Hoog.)Co Hon.)、川百合(L.d av id ii Duchartre)、湖北百合(L.henry i B aker)进行了核型研究.结果表明,4种百合的染色体数目均为2n=24,核型除川百合为3A外,其余3种均为3B型.核型公式分别为:野百合2n(2x)=24=4m(2SAT) 2sm(2SAT) 4st 14t,兰州百合2n(2x)=24=2m(2SAT) 2sm 10st(2SAT) 8t 2T,川百合2n(2x)=24=2m(2SAT) 2sm 12st(3SAT) 8t,湖北百合2n(2x)=24=4m 18st 2t,其中湖北百合染色体核型为首次报道.通过比较发现,兰州百合与川百合的核型最为相似,亲缘关系相近;核型不对称性为兰州百合>川百合>野百合>湖北百合,以湖北百合的核型较为原始.     

百合鳞茎淀粉磷酸化酶提取条件的优化

为深入研究百合鳞茎淀粉磷酸化酶（SP）的性质及其在鳞茎淀粉代谢中的生理作用,本试验确定了兰州百合鳞茎内SP的最佳提取和测定条件,并对部分酶学性质进行了初步探索。结果表明：SP的最适提取缓冲液为pH5.8的琥珀酸缓冲液;最佳反应体系为以25 mmol·L^-1的Glc-1-P为底物,在30℃条件下反应10 min。在pH5~6范围内,SP活性最高;百合鳞茎的SP不易保存且不耐热,4℃条件下保存12 h,酶活力最高残留50%;40℃条件下保存30 min后,SP活力几乎完全丧失。