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481.
482.
The use of pooled testing as a means of estimating the prevalence of rare traits has received considerable attention in recent years, particularly in the areas of public health, genetics, animal-disease assessment, and plant pathology. In pooled-testing applications, observations are made on pools of individuals amalgamated together. In this paper, we examine order-restricted hypothesis tests involving k >2 binomial proportions estimated by pooled testing, extending the earlier work of Tebbs and Swallow (2003, Biometrika, 90, 471-477 and Biometrical Journal, 45, 618-630). In particular, we focus on (i) testing the equality of proportions versus an isotonic alternative and (ii) testing for a violation of isotonicity. We propose new tests for each scenario and provide results which characterize the small-sample performance of our procedures. We illustrate our methods using two data sets; one from an observational HIV study and one from an agricultural experiment. 相似文献
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484.
Nam JM 《Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift》2006,48(6):966-977
We consider the statistical testing for non-inferiority of a new treatment compared with the standard one under matched-pair setting in a stratified study or in several trials. A non-inferiority test based on the efficient scores and a Mantel-Haenszel (M-H) like procedure with restricted maximum likelihood estimators (RMLEs) of nuisance parameters and their corresponding sample size formulae are presented. We evaluate the above tests and the M-H type Wald test in level and power. The stratified score test is conservative and provides the best power. The M-H like procedure with RMLEs gives an accurate level. However, the Wald test is anti-conservative and we suggest caution when it is used. The unstratified score test is not biased but it is less powerful than the stratified score test when base-line probabilities related to strata are not the same. This investigation shows that the stratified score test possesses optimum statistical properties in testing non-inferiority. A common difference between two proportions across strata is the basic assumption of the stratified tests, we present appropriate tests to validate the assumption and related remarks. 相似文献
485.
R. L. Fernando C. Stricker R. C. Elston 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1993,87(1-2):89-93
This paper describes a non-iterative, recursive method to compute the likelihood for a pedigree without loops, and hence an efficient way to compute genotype probabilities for every member of the pedigree. The method can be used with multiple mates and large sibships. Scaling is used in calculations to avoid numerical problems in working with large pedigrees. 相似文献
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Tests for a change-point 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
489.
We consider methods for analyzing categorical regression models when some covariates (Z) are completely observed but other covariates (X) are missing for some subjects. When data on X are missing at random (i.e., when the probability that X is observed does not depend on the value of X itself), we present a likelihood approach for the observed data that allows the same nuisance parameters to be eliminated in a conditional analysis as when data are complete. An example of a matched case-control study is used to demonstrate our approach. 相似文献