乌司他丁联合连续性血液净化治疗重症脓毒症临床研究

目的：研究连续性血液净化联合乌司他丁对重症脓毒症患者炎症反应的影响及其临床疗效。方法：70例重症脓毒症患者随机分为对照组（n=22例）、CBP组（n=23例）和CBP＋乌司他丁组（n=25例）,其中对照组采用经典治疗方案,CBP组在此基础上加用连续性血液净化,CBP＋乌司他丁组在CBP组基础上加用乌司他丁治疗。观察比较患者病情发展,分别于治疗前后进行血液生化指标、凝血功能检测和动脉血气分析,ELISA法检测血清CRP水平。结果：①与对照组和CBP组相比,CBP＋鸟司他丁纽患者病死率、ICU住院时间、MODS发生率均明显下降（P〈0．05）。②经过治疗,CBP＋乌司他丁组患者APACHEⅡ评分降至15．46±3．96,与对照组（18．06±4．25）和CBP组（17．14±5．55）比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。③治疗后,患者BUN、HR降低程度依次为CBP＋乌司他丁组〉CBP组〉对照组,组问比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,而治疗前后PH值、HCO3-、MAP比较差并不明显（P〉0．05）。④CBP＋乌司他丁纽血清CRP含量下降,WBC数量减少,其变化程度明显大于CBP组和对照组（P〈0．05）。⑤对照组、CBP组和CBP＋乌司他丁组患者PT、TT和APTT时间延长,血小板数量下降,其中CBP＋鸟司他丁组PT、APTT时间短于CBP组和对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：连续性血液净化联合乌司他丁可有效抑制脓毒症患者炎症反应,缓解病情,改善患者预后。     

Effect of filaments within the synaptic cleft on the response of excitatory synapses simulated by computer experiments

Mathematical models of the excitatory synapse are furnishing valuable information about the synaptic response. Based on Brownian-diffusion of glutamate molecules, a synapse model was utilized to investigate the synaptic response on a femto-second time scale by the use of a parallel computer. In particular, the presence of fibrils crossing the synaptic cleft was simulated, which could have a role in shaping the brain activity. To this aim the model of synapse was modified by considering trans-synaptic filaments with diameters ranging from 7 nm to 3 nm, disposed on a grid with spacing of 14 nm or 8 nm. The simulation demonstrated that the presence of filaments induced an increase in the synaptic response, most likely linked to an increment in the probability of encounter between glutamate molecules and receptors. The increase was small - from 5 to 20%, but metabolic and functional considerations provide substantive hints about the importance of these small changes for brain activity. Moreover, it was shown that the presence of filaments made more stable the response of the synapse to random variations of pre-synaptic elements. Originated by these computational results, some inferences about the biological bases of mind diseases such as autism, mental retardation and schizophrenia, are reported in the Discussion.     

以松毛虫为基质培养的冬虫夏草菌丝体中多糖的提取研究

研究了不同方法对冬虫夏草发酵菌丝体（以枯叶蛾科昆虫马尾松毛虫为基质发酵所得）中多糖提取的影响。结果表明,采用微波辅助水提法所得多糖的产率最高,影响提取的关键因素为液料比、微波提取时间、微波功率;采用Box-Behnken设计及响应面分析法对这3个因素进行优化,并通过回归拟合,建立了预测虫草多糖提取的多项式模型Y=6.87+0.058A+0.085B+0.075C+0.032AB+0.046AC+0.069BC-0.16A²-0.37B²-0.11C²。经响应面最优化分析,获得冬虫夏草发酵菌丝体中多糖的最优提取工艺参数为：液料比（mL/g）6.3:1、微波功率520W、微波提取时间326s,此工艺提取验证后的提取率达到6.76%。     

Trypanosoma vivax: Courses of infection with three stabilates in inbred mouse strains

The courses of infection in inbred mouse strains were compared following infection with three Stabilates of high, intermediate, and low virulence of Trypanosoma vivax stock Zaria Y486. Mouse strains could only be shown to differ in their resistance to T. vivax infections as judged by the height of the initial parasitemia and survival times when a trypanosome population of low or intermediate virulence was used. A T. vivax population of high virulence was uniformly lethal. Comparison of lytic antibody titers between groups of resistant ($\text{C}\text{57}\text{B}\text{1}\text{6}$) and susceptible ($\text{Balb}\text{c}$) mice did not show any significant differences in titers of the surviving mice but the mice in either group which did not control the initial parasitemia had lower lytic antibody titers than those which did. A significantly larger number of $\text{Balb}\text{c}$ mice failed to control the initial infection as compared to the $\text{C}\text{57}\text{B}\text{1}\text{6}$. Treatment with cyclophosphamide did not ablate differences in susceptibility between the two strains. The use of congenic mice showed that these differences in susceptibility were not related to differences in the major histocompatibility complex between these strains.     

代谢、血液碱化和纯氧影响呼吸调控的人体实验研究III： 血液碱化后纯氧运动试验*

目的: 在急性血液碱化前、后空气吸入下完成症状限制性最大极限心肺运动试验(CPET)的基础上,本文探讨在血液碱化后吸入纯氧对呼吸调控的影响。方法: 正常志愿者5名在碱化血液后呼吸纯氧CPET,在静息、热身、运动及恢复期,连续测定肺通换气指标及每分钟动脉取样的血气指标,对CPET期间的呼吸气体交换和血气指标的动态变化进行分析,同时与急性碱化血液前、后空气CPET数据比较。结果: 碱化血液后吸入纯氧运动呼吸反应与急性碱化血液前、后空气CPET呼吸反应基本一致。CPET期间,各运动状态下的每分通气量均与对照组相似(P>0.05);仅静息每分通气量较血液碱化空气CPET略高(P<0.05),而其它状态和恢复2min时均相近(P>0.05)。潮气量仅峰值运动时较对照和血液碱化空气CPET略低(P<0.05);而运动过程和恢复2min时的潮气量均相近(P>0.05)。呼吸频率在各个时间与血液碱化前后CPET均无差异(P>0.05)。在碱化血液后吸入纯氧运动各个时期的PaO₂和SaO₂较碱化血液前后空气CPET时明显提高(P<0.001,P<0.05)。血红蛋白浓度虽然较急性血液碱化前后均低,但仅较血液碱化前显著降低(P<0.05),比血液碱化后差异不显著(P>0.05) ; 开始时的PaCO₂较碱化血液前后空气CPET时降低(P<0.05),无氧阈时相近(P>0.05),但到峰值及恢复2 min时明显增高(P<0.05);pH仅较对照增高(P<0.05),但与碱化血液空气试验时无差异;乳酸水平较对照略高,但仅在热身和恢复期有差异(P<0.05)。纯氧提高了两人无氧阈和三人峰值运动的功率和时间。结论: 虽然血液碱化给予纯氧, CPET呼吸反应与碱化血液前、后空气CPET呼吸反应模式相似,表明运动中呼吸反应主要取决于代谢变化,而非动脉血气平均值高低。     

Serological evidence of an antibody response in farmed southern bluefin tuna naturally infected with the blood fluke Cardicola forsteri

In this study, adaptive immune response was investigated in farmed southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii, infected with a sanguinicolid Cardicola forsteri. A cohort (Cohort₂₀₀₅) of southern bluefin tuna was sampled between March 2005 and August 2006. Samples were taken at the transfer of wild caught tuna to sea cages and then at regular intervals. Parasite intensity, abundance and prevalence data were recorded. An ELISA was developed to detect and quantify an antibody response against the blood fluke in southern bluefin tuna serum. Intensity and prevalence of the blood fluke were shown to peak in May 2005 at 10.9 flukes per infected fish (SE = 1.72) and 97.5% prevalence and then decreased to low prevalence (10%) and intensity (1.0). There were no significant changes in prevalence or intensity in 2006. Antibody titres and seroprevalence increased from 1.37 U μl⁻¹ and 10% at transfer in March 2005 to reach a peak in December 2005 of 25.86 U μl⁻¹ (SE = 6.26 U μl⁻¹) and 66.66%. No significant changes were observed in antibody titres for the same cohort of fish during 2006. Parasitological and serological values from Cohort₂₀₀₅ were compared to a 2006 cohort (Cohort₂₀₀₆) in March 2006 and August 2006 to determine if prior infection in Cohort₂₀₀₅ elicited any protection against infection in 2006. Although significant differences were not observed in intensities between cohorts it was shown that Cohort₂₀₀₅ had significantly lower abundances and prevalences of blood fluke infection than Cohort₂₀₀₆. Although there was no significant difference in mean antibody titres between cohorts in March 2006, the mean antibody titre of Cohort₂₀₀₆ was significantly greater than that of Cohort₂₀₀₅ in August 2006. No significant differences were observed in seroprevalence. This is one of the few studies to demonstrate the development of acquired resistance in fish against a parasite in an aquaculture environment under natural infection conditions.     

Integrin binding human antibody constant domains--probing the C-terminal structural loops for grafting the RGD motif

Recently, it has been demonstrated that loops of the crystallizable fragment of IgG1 (IgG1-Fc) can be engineered to form antigen-binding sites. In this work C-terminal structural loops in the CH3 domains of homodimeric IgG1-Fc have been functionalized to form integrin-binding sites in order to probe the effect of engineering on structural integrity and thermal stability of IgG1-Fc as well as on binding to the ligands Protein A, CD16 and FcRn, respectively. The peptide sequence GCRGDCL - a disulfide-bridged cyclic heptapeptide that confers binding to human αvβ3 integrin was introduced into AB, CD and/or EF loops and single and double mutants were heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris. Integrin binding of engineered IgG-Fc was tested using both binding to coated αvβ3 integrin in ELISA or to αvβ3-expressing K562 cells in FACS analysis. Additionally, blocking of αvβ3-mediated cell adhesion to vitronectin was investigated. The data presented in this report demonstrate that bioactive integrin-binding peptide(s) can be grafted on the C-terminal loops of IgG-Fc without impairing binding to effector molecules. Observed differences between the investigated variants in structural stability and integrin binding are discussed with respect to the known structure of IgG-Fc and its structural loops.     

红缘天牛成虫对杏树挥发物的生理和行为反应

为了研究红缘天牛成虫对寄主植物杏树衰弱树及木段挥发物的生理及行为反应,本文用6种挥发物,分别以不同浓度的单一组份对红缘天牛进行了电生理和行为测试;又在这6种单组份化合物对天牛行为选择表现为引诱活性的浓度范围内选择EAG值最高的浓度,以4-6种化合物等体积制成7种组合配方进行EAG和行为测试。结果表明:单一组份R-柠檬烯、反-2-己烯醛、丁酸丁酯、S-柠檬烯、异戊醇和3-蒈烯等6种单一化合物在预设的8个浓度梯度范围内,都能引起红缘天牛产生一定的生理反应,但行为选择实验的结果没有统计学意义。7种组合配方中,R4对红缘天牛成虫引诱活性最强(P0.01),引诱率达到76.67%,R1次之(P0.05),R4与R1的区别在于增加了丁酸丁酯;即丁酸丁酯在R4配方中具有明显的增效作用。