人工红树林湿地系统净化污水研究进展

咸淡水交接处这种特殊的生境造就了红树植物“抗污”和“降污”的功能,但能否将自然红树林湿地作为污水处理场所目前仍有争议。按照构建的人工红树林湿地的类型,分为三大类：模拟潮汐湿地系统、人工红树林污水处理系统以及红树林种植-养殖生态耦合系统。第一类系统模拟了自然海滩上的潮涨潮落的情形,第二类系统与一般人工湿地相类似,而第三类系统是指在养殖塘种植红树植物以去除有机物和营养盐。不同的类型反映了该领域研究工作的不断深入,展现了红树林湿地净化污水从理论探索向实际应用不断靠近的过程。应用人工红树林湿地净化污水具有较大的可行性,前景可观。     

退耕区域发展碳汇产业的生态经济学思考

碳汇产业,即利用植物吸收二氧化碳的潜力及规律,在人工适度干预下获得清洁空气、满足人们生产和生活对生态环境需求的产业,为原有相对均衡或稳定的农业产业-资源系统的优化升级提供突破口和新的增长点.退耕区域生态系统服务中,固碳释氧功能的经济显化、碳汇潜力的迅速提高,以及国内外碳汇交易与碳汇市场的兴起等,为碳汇产业的发展奠定了理论和现实基础.随着碳汇产业的发展,生产经营者必然以提高碳汇产出为核心,形成对碳源的控制及对碳贮量增加路径的开发,重新布局农业产业-资源结构,因而为退耕区域可持续发展带来新的活力;同时,也隐含了下一步需要研发的重点,即碳汇产业融入后的农业产业-资源的配置结构及良性耦合机制.     

造纸废水对芦苇实生苗生长特性及根系活力的影响

以室内水培的芦苇实生苗为材料,研究6种不同化学需氧量(CODcr)浓度造纸废水处理对芦苇生长指标和根系活力的影响,为利用造纸废水修复自然环境中芦苇实生苗种群提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)不同浓度造纸废水对芦苇各器官鲜(干)重有显著的促进作用,并以中等浓度(300mg.L-1)最为明显;随着造纸废水浓度的增加,废水对芦苇各器官鲜(干)重的促进作用有所减弱,这种减弱幅度在芦苇不同器官上存在差异。(2)高浓度造纸废水导致芦苇根生物量比、根状茎生物量比降低,但影响二者降低的废水浓度存在差异;低浓度造纸废水导致芦苇茎生物量比下降,并使叶生物量比增加。(3)随着造纸废水浓度的增加,芦苇的根系活力呈先上升后下降的趋势,并以CODcr浓度为300mg.L-1时的芦苇的根系活力最强,CODcr浓度为900mg.L-1时最弱。可见,低浓度造纸废水促进了芦苇的生长和根系活力,高浓度废水促进作用减弱甚至会抑制根系活力,并以CODcr浓度为300mg.L-1时芦苇实生苗生长最好。     

贝伐单抗对ALA—PDT诱导的新生血管形成和胶质瘤生长的影响

探讨贝伐单抗对低剂量5-氨基乙酰丙酸（5-Aminolevulinicacid,ALA）介导的光动力学疗法（photodynamic therapy,PDT）诱导的脑组织新生血管形成和U87脑胶质瘤生长的影响。通过将裸小鼠随机分为对照组、ALA．PDT预处置组（ALA：2．3×10-3mol／kg,能量密度：10J／cm2）、贝伐单抗预处置组（1．6×10-5mol／kg）和联合预处置组（ALA—PDT＋贝伐单抗）,并接受相应处置。第10d,检测PDT照射及相应区域内新生血管形成和VEGF表达并种植U87脑胶质瘤细胞,21d后观察肿瘤体积。与对照组比较,低剂量ALA-PDT预处置后新生血管增多、VEGF表达增高,肿瘤体积增大,这些变化在联合预处置组被抑制;贝伐单抗预处置组的血管形态和VEGF表达虽无明显变化,但肿瘤体积减小。研究结果表明低剂量ALA-PDT可通过刺激VEGF表达诱导照射区新生血管形成,这种微环境的改变有利于U87胶质瘤细胞生长,但这些作用可被贝伐单抗所抑制。     

高世代杉木种源在不同立地条件下的生长适应性

本文进行高世代杉木种源在不同立地条件下的栽植试验,调查二年生种源的生长状况,结果表明：在坡的下、中、上部,二年生高世代杉木种源的地径（或胸径）与树高平均生长量分别为4.08、3.82、3.56 cm和1.90、1.74、1.63 m。在不同立地条件下,地径（或胸径）、树高生长量存在显著差异。     

干旱区人工防护林带不同林分凋落叶分解及养分释放

2007年10月下旬至2008年11月,采用原位模拟分解网袋法,对新疆克拉玛依市区北郊人工防护林新疆杨、紫穗槐及二者混合凋落叶进行为期365 d的分解及养分释放动态试验.结果表明：树种不同,凋落叶质量损失率的动态变化不同;凋落叶组成对质量损失率有显著影响,与单优林凋落叶相比,紫穗槐与新疆杨凋落叶混合后更易于分解.经修正Olson负指数衰减模型分析,新疆杨凋落叶分解系数最低(k=0.167),混合凋落叶分解系数最高(k=0.275),估测3种凋落叶半分解和95％分解所需时间为2.41～4.19 a和10.79～17.98 a.不同的分解时期3种凋落叶中N、P和K的残留率不同,分解1年后,K为净释放,N和P为固持或从周围环境中吸收而富集.分解过程中,除紫穗槐凋落叶在分解中期有机碳分解率下降外,其他处理凋落叶有机碳分解率均不断上升,1年后分解率在35.5%～44.2%之间.C/N值基本呈下降趋势,分解前期和中期下降幅度较小,后期下降较快.     

Indicators for photoreactivation and dark repair studies following ultraviolet disinfection

Repair of DNA in bacteria following ultraviolet (UV) disinfection can cause reactivation of inactivated bacteria and negatively impact the efficiency of the UV disinfection process. In this study, various strains of E. coli (wild-type, UV-resistant and antibiotic-resistant strains) were investigated for their ability to perform dark repair and photoreactivation, and compared based on final repair levels after 4 h of incubation, as well as repair rates. Analysis of the results revealed that the repair abilities of different E. coli strains can differ quite significantly. In photoreactivation, the log repair ranged from 10 to 85%, with slightly lower log repair percentages when medium-pressure (MP) UV disinfection was employed. In dark repair, log repair ranged from 13 to 28% following low-pressure (LP) UV disinfection. E. coli strains ATCC 15597 and ATCC 11229 were found to repair the fastest and to the highest levels for photoreactivation and dark repair, respectively. These strains were also confirmed to repair to higher levels when compared to a pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 strain. Hence, these strains could possibly serve as conservative indicators for future repair studies following UV disinfection. In addition, dimer repair by photoreactivation and dark repair was also confirmed on a molecular level using the endonuclease sensitive site (ESS) assay.     

Excess irradiance causes early symptoms of senescence during leaf expansion in photoautotrophically <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> grown tobacco plants

Photosynthetic parameters, growth, and pigment contents were determined during expansion of the fourth leaf of in vitro photoautotrophically cultured Nicotiana tabacum L. plants at three irradiances [photosynthetically active radiation (400–700 nm): low, LI 60 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹; middle, MI 180 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹; and high, HI 270 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹]. During leaf expansion, several symptoms usually accompanying leaf senescence appeared very early in HI and then in MI plants. Symptoms of senescence in developing leaves were: decreasing chlorophyll (Chl) a+b content and Chl a/b ratio, decreasing both maximum (F_V/F_M) and actual (Φ_PS2) photochemical efficiency of photosystem 2, and increasing non-photochemical quenching. Nevertheless, net photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate (P _N) did not decrease consistently with decrease in Chl content, but exhibited a typical ontogenetic course with gradual increase. P _N reached its maximum before full leaf expansion and then tended to decline. Thus excess irradiance during in vitro cultivation did not cause early start of leaf senescence, but impaired photosynthetic performance and Chl content in leaves and changed their typical ontogenetic course.