Changes in the composition and content of lipids in the leaves of radish plants of different magnetic orientation induced by weak permanent magnetic field

The effect of weak permanent horizontal magnetic field (PMF) with the intensity of 403 A/m on the composition and content of polar and neutral lipids and their constituent FAs was investigated in the leaves of radish plants (Raphanus sativus L., var. radicula D.C.), cv. Rozovo-krasnyi s belym konchikom, which belong to two major types of magnetic orientation (TMO): North-South (NS) and West-East (WE), with the planes of the root grooves oriented along and across the magnetic meridian, respectively. In spring, PMF reduced the level of total lipids in the NS plants and elevated it in the WE plants; in autumn, the content of total lipids in the NS plants increased in the NS plants and decreased in the WE plants. In spring, the ratio between phospholipids and sterols, which indirectly points to enhanced fluidity of membrane lipid bilayer, increased in the plants of both TMOs, while in autumn, it increased only in the NS plants. In the control plants, the relative content of unsaturated FAs, including linolenic and linoleic acids, was greater in the WE plants than in the NS plants. PMF elevated the content of FAs in the leaves of the NS plants and did not affect their level in the WE plants. It was concluded that weak horizontal PMF differently (and sometimes oppositely) affected the content of lipids in the leaves of the NS and WE radish plants, apparently due to their different sensitivity to the effect of the magnetic field associated with their physiological status.     

产藏红花素1(crocin)愈伤组织的诱导及其细胞系的筛选

对藏红花(cfocus sativus L)愈伤组织的诱导条件进行了优化.结果表明:Ms是藏红花芽愈伤组织的最佳诱导培养基,而B5是叶子和花愈伤组织的最佳培养基.藏红花芽、叶和花愈伤组织的最佳诱导温度分别是18℃、25℃和21℃.光照是叶子愈伤组织诱导的有利因素,但不利于芽和花愈伤组织的诱导.1.5～2.0 mg·L-1NAA和0.25 mg·L-6-BA是愈伤组织诱导的最佳激素组合.通过目视法和HPLC方法,从229株细胞系中筛选出细胞系Corml,其藏红花素1的含量是1 677 mg·g-,生长较快,且不易褐化.为采用植物细胞工程法解决藏红花素1资源短缺问题打下了基础.     

Ogura细胞质雄性不育紫菜苔×萝卜属间杂种F_1的获得及细胞遗传学研究

以Ogura细胞质雄性不育紫菜苔(AA, 2n＝20)为母本,以不同萝卜品种(RR,2n＝18)为父本进行杂交,获得了大量的属间杂种.杂种F1幼苗在低温下子叶及真叶均不缺绿.以红萝卜为父本获得的杂种F1植株叶柄、叶脉呈紫红色;以白萝卜为父本获得的杂种F1植株叶柄、叶脉不呈紫红色.所有的杂种F1植株都开白花,蜜腺正常,雄配子高度不育,但是雌配子具有部分育性.杂种F1花粉母细胞的染色体数目为预期的2n＝19,染色体平均配对构型为15.53+1.34+0.25+0.01,多数染色体以单价体的形式存在,但也有一些二价体、三价体甚至四价体,最多达到6+3+1,参加配对的染色体数达到13条,表明A染色体组和R染色体组具有一定的同源性.对该杂种的遗传及育种意义进行了讨论.     

黄瓜花芽启始分化的形态解剖研究

苗龄 6d的黄瓜幼苗 ,在第一节位叶腋处花芽原基开始启动分化。花芽分化时间早、速度快、节位低、同步性好。诱导黄瓜开花的因素可能不是光和夜低温 ,其开花特性类似于自主开花植物     

生长素结合蛋白cDNA的克隆及其在黄瓜中的表达

利用RT_PCR方法从拟南芥 (Arabidopsisthaliana (L .)Heynh .)中克隆了生长素结合蛋白 (auxinbindingprotein 1 )cDNA ,进行了全序列测定。将该基因克隆在pBI1 2 1的 35S启动子和Nos终止子之间 ,得到植物表达载体p35EZ。通过根癌农杆菌 (Agrobacteriumtumefaciens (SmithetTownsend)Conn)介导的方法转化黄瓜 (CucumissativusL .)。对转基因植株进行了PCR和Southern检测。所得到的转基因黄瓜植株单性结实能力增强。     

家山黧豆及其毒素ODAP的研究

家山黧豆作为人类的食物及动物的饲料,最早可追溯到新石器时代。长期以来,因其营养丰富,具有耐旱、耐寒等优良生产性状,广受世界各地的青睐。特别是在大旱年份,在其它粮食作物绝收的情况下,仍有较好的收成,因此,被视为干旱及半干旱地区首选的优良作物。但由于其含有毒素β-ODAP,使山黧豆的种植受到限制。近年来,由于人类对肉质品的量与质的多元化的需求,家山黧豆这一潜在的、丰产的、高营养的豆科作物,已引起各国学者的广泛关注。从家山黧豆在植物学、遗传学、分子生物学、生态学、营养学、山黧豆中毒、毒理学、毒素ODAP、ODAP的分析方法、ODAP的生物合成途径、养殖业等几个方面的研究进展作了简要综述。     

山黧豆根适应铕环境生理代谢的表达

对培植在砂基中的山黧豆 LathyrussativusL. 幼苗经0.5mmol·L-1Eu3+和水 对照 根灌处理后,用扫描电镜和X-射线能量色散谱仪顺序定位检测根横断面表皮、外皮层、内皮层、维管柱各元素的百分含量;同时测定了与检测元素相关的根内活性氧、多胺产生生理活性指标.由于Eu3+的影响,使其根内响应产生生理代谢机制的变化,分布在根横断面不同组织中的各元素的百分含量不一样,主要是对生物活性中起作用的P、S、Ca、Mn4种元素影响较大,与测定的其它元素相比较,代谢利用率高;元素由低活性部位向高活性部位流动,表现出各元素由外向内,由表皮吸收运送到维管柱韧皮部、筛管运至植物各器官被利用的规律性.同时,由于Eu3+价态变化引起二者相关酶中离子的价态变化,致使植物体内自由基和多胺产生机制的响应变化,二者之间存在着一定的互补性,二者比值始终维持在一定的比例水平上,是Eu3+影响二者之间存在着的共同活性位点起作用的结果.     

Leaf Growth,Photosynthetic Rate,and Phytohormone Contents in Cucumis sativus Plants under Progressive Soil Drought

Effects of progressive soil drought on leaf growth, the rate of photosynthesis, and phytohormone contents were followed in the experiments with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants. Suppression of photosynthesis by drought did not immediately cause growth retardation, because the latter was observed one day earlier than the inhibition of photosynthesis. In the meantime, growth retardation could be caused by a decline in IAA and cytokinin contents, rather than ABA accumulation, because ABA accumulated when the growth has been already suppressed.