Age‐stage,two‐sex life tables of Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) with a discussion on the problem of applying female age‐specific life tables to insect populations

Abstract Age‐stage, two‐sex life tables of the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae), reared on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica Roem) and a carrot medium (mashed Daucus carota L. mixed with sucrose and yeast hydrolysate) were constructed under laboratory conditions at 25 ± 1°C, 65%± 0.5% relative humidity, and a photoperiod 12 : 12 h (L : D). The intrinsic rates of increase of B. cucurbitae were 0.144 6, 0.141 2 and 0.068 8 days on cucumber, sponge gourd, and carrot medium, respectively. The highest net reproduction rate was 172 offspring per fly reared on sponge gourd. The mean generation times of B. cucurbitae ranged from 34 days reared on cucumber to 56 days reared on carrot medium. The life history raw data was analyzed using the traditional female age‐specific life table and compared to results obtained using the age‐stage, two‐sex life table. When the age‐specific female life table is applied to an age‐stage‐structured two‐sex population, survival and fecundity curves will be improperly manipulated due to an inability to include variation in preadult development time. We discussed different interpretations of the relationship between the net reproductive rate and the intrinsic rate of increase to clarify possible misunderstanding in the literature.     

萝卜种质资源对黑腐病的抗性鉴定与筛选

对40份初选萝卜种质分别接种Xcc8004和XccBJ两个菌株,进行黑腐病苗期抗性鉴定,对其中8份代表性萝卜种质肉质根切片接种Xcc8004进行抗性鉴定和27份萝卜种质幼苗接种8个效应物基因进行过敏反应鉴定。结果表明:不同萝卜种质苗期对黑腐病的抗性存在显著差异,筛选出高抗Xcc8004的材料3份、抗病1份、中抗4份,高抗XccBJ的材料1份、抗病2份、中抗5份。萝卜苗期对Xcc8004和XccBJ的抗病性极显著相关,幼苗和肉质根对Xcc8004的抗病性极显著相关。筛选出17份对不同效应物表现过敏反应的萝卜种质。对效应物XC₀241表现过敏反应的种质数最多,对XC₀542和XC₀541表现过敏反应的种质数次之。不同抗源对不同效应物的过敏反应程度有所不同。稳定可靠抗病资源的获得为萝卜抗病育种和抗病机理的深入研究提供了基础材料。     

藏红花愈伤组织诱导及其细胞培养的研究

藏红花幼叶愈伤组织的诱导频率在ＭＳ,Ｂ５和Ｗｈｉｔｅ三种培养基上均高达９８％;幼叶和芽的诱导率差异不大,高达９９％;不同时期的叶片差异较大,以幼叶诱导为佳;球茎诱导率为近８０％;激素配比以２．４－Ｄ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＢＡＰ０．１～０．５ｍｌ／Ｌ为宜。在继代培养阶段,ＭＳ比Ｂ５和Ｗｈｉｔｅ更适合细胞的快速生长繁殖;并且以叶片的愈伤组织生长较快,芽次之,球茎最慢,适合于细胞生长的激素配比为ＮＡＡ２．０～３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＢＡＰ０．５～１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ为宜。     

Immunolocalization of Arabinogalactan Proteins and Pectins in Floral Buds of Cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） During Sex Determination

Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) and pectins were detected in the floral buds of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) during its sex determination using the following monoclonal antibodies: MAC 207(recognizes AGP epitopes); JIM 8 (recognizes a subset ofAGP epitopes); and JIM 5 and JIM 7 (epitopes of pectins esterified to various degrees). In the stem apex meristem (SAM) of the cucumber, epitopes of MAC 207, JIM 7, and JIM 5 were localized in the cells from second to third peripheral layers when the sex organ primodium began to differentiate; epitopes of MAC 207 and JIM 5 were also detected in the ragged edge cells. A very dense labeling signal with MAC 207 was observed in the carpel and pistil primodium. The AGP epitopes recognized by JIM 8 were localized in the anther of the male flower and the anther-like portion of the stagnant stamen of the female flower. This suggests that the AGPs and pectins in the SAM of the cucumber are closely associated with the differentiation of the SAM, from meristematic cells to floral primodium. The subset of AGPs recognized by JIM 8 may play an important role in stamen formation.     

不同倍性黄瓜的形态和一些生理生化指标比较

由同一基因型产生的单倍体、二倍体和四倍体黄瓜的叶面积和花大小等形态性状、单位面积叶绿素含量和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)表达量等生理生化指标随染色体倍性的增加而增加,过氧化物酶(POD)活性则随倍性的增加而降低,剂量效应明显;其他形态指标和可溶性蛋白含量等与染色体倍性无明显相关性.     

黄瓜属不同倍性异源多倍体的形态及生理特性分析

以黄瓜属3种不同倍性异源多倍体为试验材料,比较分析它们的形态和生理特性与基因组剂量的关系,为进一步研究黄瓜属基因组剂量效应、探讨植物多倍体进化机理奠定基础。结果表明:(1)黄瓜属异源四倍体与种间杂种F1相比,其叶片厚度、主蔓直径等性状随基因组剂量的增加而增大,而果实大小、主蔓节间长以及果瘤果刺的大小随基因组剂量的增加而减小。(2)在异源三倍体中,叶片厚度和主蔓直径等表型性状也表现出一定的基因组剂量效应。(3)基因组剂量的变化会引起黄瓜属异源多倍体中叶绿素含量、POD活性以及IAAi、PA和ZR等内源激素的变化。     

Changes in the composition and content of lipids in the leaves of radish plants of different magnetic orientation induced by weak permanent magnetic field

The effect of weak permanent horizontal magnetic field (PMF) with the intensity of 403 A/m on the composition and content of polar and neutral lipids and their constituent FAs was investigated in the leaves of radish plants (Raphanus sativus L., var. radicula D.C.), cv. Rozovo-krasnyi s belym konchikom, which belong to two major types of magnetic orientation (TMO): North-South (NS) and West-East (WE), with the planes of the root grooves oriented along and across the magnetic meridian, respectively. In spring, PMF reduced the level of total lipids in the NS plants and elevated it in the WE plants; in autumn, the content of total lipids in the NS plants increased in the NS plants and decreased in the WE plants. In spring, the ratio between phospholipids and sterols, which indirectly points to enhanced fluidity of membrane lipid bilayer, increased in the plants of both TMOs, while in autumn, it increased only in the NS plants. In the control plants, the relative content of unsaturated FAs, including linolenic and linoleic acids, was greater in the WE plants than in the NS plants. PMF elevated the content of FAs in the leaves of the NS plants and did not affect their level in the WE plants. It was concluded that weak horizontal PMF differently (and sometimes oppositely) affected the content of lipids in the leaves of the NS and WE radish plants, apparently due to their different sensitivity to the effect of the magnetic field associated with their physiological status.     

产藏红花素1(crocin)愈伤组织的诱导及其细胞系的筛选

对藏红花(cfocus sativus L)愈伤组织的诱导条件进行了优化.结果表明:Ms是藏红花芽愈伤组织的最佳诱导培养基,而B5是叶子和花愈伤组织的最佳培养基.藏红花芽、叶和花愈伤组织的最佳诱导温度分别是18℃、25℃和21℃.光照是叶子愈伤组织诱导的有利因素,但不利于芽和花愈伤组织的诱导.1.5～2.0 mg·L-1NAA和0.25 mg·L-6-BA是愈伤组织诱导的最佳激素组合.通过目视法和HPLC方法,从229株细胞系中筛选出细胞系Corml,其藏红花素1的含量是1 677 mg·g-,生长较快,且不易褐化.为采用植物细胞工程法解决藏红花素1资源短缺问题打下了基础.     

Ogura细胞质雄性不育紫菜苔×萝卜属间杂种F_1的获得及细胞遗传学研究

以Ogura细胞质雄性不育紫菜苔(AA, 2n＝20)为母本,以不同萝卜品种(RR,2n＝18)为父本进行杂交,获得了大量的属间杂种.杂种F1幼苗在低温下子叶及真叶均不缺绿.以红萝卜为父本获得的杂种F1植株叶柄、叶脉呈紫红色;以白萝卜为父本获得的杂种F1植株叶柄、叶脉不呈紫红色.所有的杂种F1植株都开白花,蜜腺正常,雄配子高度不育,但是雌配子具有部分育性.杂种F1花粉母细胞的染色体数目为预期的2n＝19,染色体平均配对构型为15.53+1.34+0.25+0.01,多数染色体以单价体的形式存在,但也有一些二价体、三价体甚至四价体,最多达到6+3+1,参加配对的染色体数达到13条,表明A染色体组和R染色体组具有一定的同源性.对该杂种的遗传及育种意义进行了讨论.