L-乳酸调控乳酸产生菌产物光学纯度的分析

发酵初期在米根霉菌发酵培养基中添加L-乳酸可以调控发酵产物乳酸的光学纯度。随着L-乳酸添加量的增加,所产L-乳酸的光学纯度随之增加,当L-乳酸的添加量≥1.5g/L时,D-乳酸不再产生。同时,L-乳酸的产量、生物量、糖转化率也随之降低。该调控方法对乳酸菌调控产L-乳酸光学纯度影响不大,对大肠杆菌发酵调控产D-乳酸光学纯度没有效果。     

母乳联合鼠李糖乳杆菌预防早产儿喂养不耐受的疗效观察

目的 观察母乳联合鼠李糖乳杆菌预防早产儿喂养不耐受的临床疗效。方法 选取2016年2月至2017年2月武汉大学人民医院收治的80例生后24 h内入住本院儿科新生儿病房的早产儿,随机分配成2组,其中研究组40例,对照组40例。研究组以新鲜母乳联合鼠李糖乳杆菌早期开奶喂养,对照组以早产儿配方奶早期开奶喂养,比较2组早产儿喂养不耐受症的发生率及其恢复出生体重时间、达全胃肠道喂养时间、体重增长速度和住院时间的差异。结果 研究组患儿喂养不耐受发生率低于对照组,研究组恢复出生体重时间、达全胃肠道喂养时间及住院时间均短于对照组（P<0.05）,研究组患儿体重增加速度快于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 早产儿早期喂养母乳联合鼠李糖乳杆菌能够较早建立全胃肠道营养,减少早产儿喂养不耐受症的发生率,促进患儿体重增长,缩短恢复出生体重时间及达全胃肠道喂养时间,降低住院天数。     

基因组重排选育胸苷磷酸化酶高产菌株

以短乳杆菌为研究对象,通过基因组重排技术选育胸苷磷酸化酶高产菌株。首先采用紫外复合诱变筛选出EA42、EB27作为基因组重排育种的亲本并制备成原生质体,分别采用紫外照射50min和60℃水浴加热60min双亲灭活原生质体,然后用质量分数40％PEG6000,30℃恒温诱导融合10min进行基因组重排。经过3轮基因组重排育种,成功选育出3株胸苷磷酸化酶高产菌株,其中菌株F3-36在菌体发酵量提高的前提下,进行5次传代测试其胸苷磷酸化酶活均在2．500U／mg湿菌体,比原始菌株酶活提高了260％。     

不同发酵条件对乳杆菌O-2菌株代谢产物的影响

目的:研究乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus sp.)O-2菌株生长和积累类细菌素所需的营养和温度条件.方法:采用分段控温发酵法,即在发酵后期,改变温度继续发酵;以发酵液抑菌圈直径为指标对发酵的营养和温度条件进行筛选.结果:后期32 ℃控温发酵有利于类细菌素积累,优化后的4号配方,发酵液菌数高达8.2×1010个/ml(细菌计数器法),抑菌圈直径最大,达到8.8 mm.结论:利用4号配方进行分段控温发酵能有效地促进O-2菌株的生长繁殖和积累类细菌素.     

植物乳杆菌编码复制起始蛋白天然质粒的系统进化分析

【目的】探究复制起始蛋白(Replication initiation protein,Rep)是否可以作为天然质粒系统进化关系研究的分子标记。【方法】以植物乳杆菌天然质粒编码的Rep为研究对象,通过构建Rep系统进化树详细分析和讨论这些质粒的系统进化关系。【结果】植物乳杆菌45个编码Rep天然质粒可以划分为5个进化关系紧密的家族和1个独立进化质粒p G6302,家族1-4质粒可以进一步划分为10个进化关系更近的亚家族类群,因此这些质粒可能起源于6个祖先质粒。【结论】Rep氨基酸序列显示了适度的保守性和变异性,是植物乳杆菌编码Rep质粒进化研究理想的分子标记,为植物乳杆菌天然质粒系统进化研究提供了一种简单、有效的分析方法和标准,并为植物乳杆菌或其他乳酸菌天然质粒系统进化研究提供了分子水平的佐证和依据。     

Influence of oligosaccharides on the viability and membrane properties of Lactobacillus reuteri TMW1.106 during freeze-drying

Freeze-drying is a process commonly used in starter culture preparation. To improve the survival rate of bacteria during the process, cryoprotectives are usually added before freezing. This study investigated the influence of the addition of sucrose, fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), inulin and skim milk on the viability and membrane integrity of Lactobacillus reuteri TMW1.106 during freezing, freeze-drying and storage. The effect of drying adjuncts on survival was correlated to their interaction with bacterial membrane by determination of the parameters membrane fluidity and membrane lateral pressure. Sucrose, FOS and skim milk significantly enhanced survival of exponential-phase cells of L. reuteri during freeze-drying. Cellular viability during storage of exponential-phase cells remained highest for cells dried in the presence of skim milk and inulin. Membranes of these cells were completely permeabilized after freeze-drying. The application of FOS significantly improved survival of stationary phase cells of L. reuteri TMW1.106 after freeze-drying and storage. This increased viability of L. reuteri TMW1.106 in the presence of FOS correlated to improved membrane integrity. Fructo-oligosaccharides and fructans, but not gluco-oligosaccharides interacted with membrane vesicles prepared from L. reuteri TMW1.106 as indicated by increased membrane lateral pressure in the presence of FOS and fructans. Increased membrane integrity of stationary phase L. reuteri TMW1.106 was attributed to direct interactions between FOS and the membrane which leads to increased membrane fluidity and thus improved stability of the membrane during and rehydration.     

Probiotic properties of vaginal lactic acid bacteria to prevent metritis in cattle

AIMS: The isolation of bovine vaginal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and the screening of their beneficial properties to select those that could be used as probiotics in the prevention of bovine metritis were performed. METHODS AND RESULTS: Out of 76 Lactobacillus sp. and seven Streptococcus sp. strains, a small number showed high- and medium hydrophobicity when the microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons method (MATH) was applied. In the agar plate diffusion test, a large number of strains inhibited vaginal bovine Escherichia coli 99/14 and human E. coli. This inhibition was due to acid. Only a few strains inhibited Actinomyces pyogenes 96/393, a pathogen isolated from bovine metritis. This inhibition remained after neutralization. The taxonomic identification of the selected strains was carried out by an amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA). Most of the strains were identified as Lactobacillus fermentum, a few as Lactobacillus gasseri and one as Lactobacillus rhamnosus. CONCLUSIONS: Bovine vaginal lactobacilli strains have differential surface properties. The strains selected are capable of inhibiting specific metritis pathogens. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Our results can be applied for future studies to design a probiotic product to prevent metritis in dairy postpartum cows.     

The genus Lactobacillus--a genomic basis for understanding its diversity

The genus Lactobacillus is a diverse group that includes many species used in food production and preservation. Some lactobacilli are considered probiotic, conferring health benefits upon the host. The heterogeneity of this genus poses challenges and opportunities when characterizing or exploiting individual strains. To date, 10 Lactobacillus genome sequences have been published, and at least 11 more sequencing projects are ongoing. These studies will dramatically improve one's understanding of metabolic processes, bioprocessing capabilities and potential roles in health and well-being of the Lactobacilli. This review describes the current status of Lactobacillus genome sequence projects, highlights the major findings and summarizes functional genomics or comparative genomics studies. The genomic basis for the unusual diversity of this genus is discussed, and the potential for comparative genomics to rigorously extend phylogenetic analysis of the Lactobacilli is described.     

健康老年人肠道双歧杆菌和乳杆菌种群多样性分析

从31个60岁以上的符合中华医学会老年医学分会健康老年人标准的健康老人中随机选取4例作为研究对象,使用分子生物学方法,对他们的肠道双歧杆菌和乳杆菌种群多样性进行分析.研究结果表明,健康老人肠道中双歧杆菌的优势种群为长双歧杆菌（Bifi∥dobacterium longum）和假小链双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum）,分别占双歧杆菌种群的55%和45%;而肠道乳杆菌则有唾液乳杆菌（Lactobacillus salivarius）50%、Lactobacillus mocosae 31.1%、口腔乳杆菌（Lactobacillus oris）6.3%、鼠李糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus rhamnosus）6.3%和瑞士乳杆菌（Lactobacillus helveticus）6.3%,其中唾液乳杆菌、Lactobacillus mocosae为健康老人肠道优势乳杆菌种群.