番茄叶水提物急性毒性及其对急性炎症的影响

本文观察了番茄叶水提物对小鼠的急性毒性及其对脂多糖诱导急性炎症模型大鼠的影响。采用经典的急性毒性试验方法,观察小鼠口服给予番茄叶水提物的死亡率,按寇氏法计算半数致死量(LD50)。50只SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性药泼尼松5 mg/kg组与番茄叶水提物3.19、1.59 g/kg组,连续给药10 d,每天一次。以腹腔注射脂多糖(LPS)建立急性炎症模型,ELISA法测定血清白细胞介素1(IL-1)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)。结果显示,番茄叶水提物单次灌胃给药的LD50为46.44g/kg,95%可信限为39.52～54.60 g/kg。3.19 g/kg番茄叶水提物可明显降低LPS诱导的急性炎症小鼠血清IL-1、IL-6和TNF-α水平。番茄叶水提物抑制LPS诱导急性炎症的作用机制可能与其降低血清炎症因子水平有关。     

2株耐低温微生物处理污水模拟试验初报

从下水管道的污泥中分离筛选到耐冷细菌H6和耐冷酵母菌J1,采用此2菌株进行模拟污水低温(8℃)处理试验。H6和J1菌株对模拟污水COD的去除率分别为66.6%和72.2%;H6、J1菌株对有机氮去除率分别为76.9%和64.5%;H6、J1菌株对总磷去除率分别为53.9%和14.0%。说明低温微生物在低温环境的污水处理具有广阔的应用前景。     

A Weight of Evidence Approach to the Aquatic Hazard Assessment of Bisphenoi A

Bisphenol A (BPA; 4,4-isopropylidene diphenol) is a chemical intermediate used primarily in the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate products. BPA has been identified in surface waters and, hence, has been the subject of considerable research into its potential effects on aquatic organisms. Available literature on the aquatic toxicity of BPA was reviewed for quality against European Union TGD and Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development GLP principles. From this review, studies of suitable quality covering numerous ecologically relevant endpoints were identified to evaluate the survival, growth, and reproductive success of aquatic organisms exposed to BPA. Those studies yielded approximately 70 no observed effect concentrations (ranging from 16 to 3640 μg/L) and lowest observed effect concentrations (160 to 11,000 μg/L) that were considered in this weight of evidence assessment. Across all data, adverse effects on survival, growth, and reproduction occurred only at concentrations of 160 μg/L and above. Secondary biochemical (e.g., vitellogenin induction) and morphological (e.g., gonad histology) data provide insight into mechanisms of action, but do not correlate with apical endpoints related to survival, growth, and reproduction. Comparing the weight of the evidence of the aquatic toxicity data that showed chronic effects at 160 μg/L and higher with typical surface water concentrations in the range of 0.001 to 0.10 μg/ L, BPA is unlikely to cause adverse effects on aquatic populations or ecosystems.     

金樱子茎提取物体外抑菌活性研究

采用纸片扩散法和试管稀释法,研究金樱子茎不同溶剂粗提取物对临床常见病原细菌的抑菌活性。结果表明,金樱子茎水提取物对绿脓杆菌、痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、变形杆菌无抑菌活性;对伤寒杆菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）为20 mg（生药）/mL;对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为10 mg（生药）/mL。金樱子茎75%乙醇提取物对绿脓杆菌、伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、变形杆菌无抑菌活性;对金黄色葡萄球菌MIC为10 mg（生药）/mL。金樱子茎乙酸乙酯、氯仿、石油醚提取物对绿脓杆菌、伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、变形杆菌无抑菌活性。     

《全国医疗服务价格项目规范》与地方标准的对接 ——以B型钠尿肽实验室检查的定价为例

2012年,国家发展改革委、原卫生部、国家中医药管理局联合颁布了《全国医疗服务价格项目规范(2012年版)》,其中对实验室检查项目的定价规定,不得区分试剂或方法,并要充分考虑当地医疗机构主流检验方法和社会承受能力等因素。为了探讨将上海地区现行实验室检查的项目与2012年版《规范》对接的方法,以B型钠尿肽的试验室检测为例,通过对国内外指南、专家共识及其他相关文献的回顾,以及上海地区BNP检测开展情况的分析,确定将化学发光法作为BNP检测的适宜技术及定价标准,同时提出了关于实验室检查项目地方与国家标准对接实践的建议。     

吸水链霉菌ATCC 29253产Hygrocin A发酵条件的优化

【背景】Hygrocins是一种萘安莎抗生素,具有良好的新药开发潜能。但在常见培养基及发酵条件下菌体内Hygrocin A含量一般很低,甚至难以直接进行准确检测。【目的】提高吸水链霉菌ATCC 29253发酵物中Hygrocin A的产量。【方法】采用单因素与正交试验设计优化相结合的方法系统考察碳源、氮源、磷酸盐、MgCl_2浓度、NaCl浓度、种子菌龄等因素对吸水链霉菌ATCC 29253产Hygrocin A能力的影响。【结果】最佳发酵条件为(g/L):葡萄糖4.0,黄豆饼粉8.0,麦芽提取物10.0,K_2HPO_4 1.5,KH_2PO_4 1.5,NaCl 1.5,Mg Cl2 1.0;种子最佳活化时间为48 h;培养参数:摇床转速200 r/min,初始pH为6.8-7.0,瓶装量50 m L/250 m L,接种量5%,30°C培养10 d。在优化条件下,Hygrocin A产量与其原始培养基M10相比提高了500%,Rapamycin产量同时下降了95%。【结论】通过培养基优化,可显著提高吸水链霉菌ATCC 29253中Hygrocin A产量,为Hygrocin A合成应用研究奠定基础,同时可使Rapamycin产量明显下降。这说明可通过选择培养条件有目的地调节两种抗生素的代谢通量,进而开展多种抗生素同时表达的代谢调控研究。     

酵母的不同显色法的研究

在多年采集分离酵母菌的基础上,本文报道其中43属的600多株主要与担子菌有关的酵母及其他酵母的DBB反应,其中某些菌以往尚未测定过,从而广泛比较了担子菌酵母、子囊菌酵母与某些类酵母的区别。此外在方法上,摸索了其他未见报道的重氮盐的显色效果,发现固红B盐对布掷孢酵母(Bulleta Derx)的反应比DBB更灵敏。同时试验了热碱·乙醇处理细胞的快速DBB测试法,用此法测定某些疑难菌株,结果稳定,可大大缩短测试周期,并适用于多毛有气生菌丝的菌类。     

正交试验优化天麻超声波提取工艺的研究

为了优化天麻素的提取工艺,本研究采用超声法提取天麻素,以天麻素含量为指标,在单因素筛选基础上,采用正交试验优化提取工艺,选择料液比、提取次数和提取时间3个影响因素,每个因素3个水平进行正交试验。结果表明,最优提取工艺组合为:提取时间20min、料液比1∶15和提取次数2次;按照此工艺平行制备3批样品,天麻素的提取率为(0.339±0.13)%。     

正交设计优化微波辅助测定延胡索叶总生物碱含量

通过微波辅助提取的方式,以延胡索叶总生物碱含量为考察指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验对总生物碱提取方法进行优化。重点考察了微波提取温度、时间、料液比、提取缓冲液pH值等因素对延胡索叶总生物碱得率的影响。各因素对延胡索叶总生物碱提取量的影响大小依次为:提取缓冲液pH值料液比提取温度。其最佳的提取方法为:提取缓冲液pH值为1. 0,料液比1∶100,提取温度60℃,提取时间20 min。在此条件下,叶总生物碱含量为25. 910 mg/g。利用微波辅助提取延胡索叶中总生物碱,不仅耗时短,效率高,而且操作简单、稳定,为延胡索叶总生物碱含量测定提供一定的技术支持。     

Complete resistance to challenges with Hymenolepis nana cysticercoids derived from mouse, rat and beetle in mice

and 1986. Complete resistance to challenges with Hymenolepis nana cysticercoids derived from mouse, rat and beetle in mice. International Journal for Parasitology 16: 623–628. When BALB/c and dd strains of mice were given eggs of Hymenolepis nana, they all became completely resistant not only to challenge with mouse-derived cysticercoids but also to challenges with rat-derived and beetle-derived cysticercoids. Serum IgG antibodies at 47–60 days post egg inoculation reacted strongly with these three different host-derived cysticercoids when examined by IFA test, but IgA and IgM isotypes reacted very weakly. Antibodies of infected mouse sera (IgG, IgM and IgA were examined) reacted not only with the protoscolex (scolex of the excysted juvenile) but also with the outer cyst wall. By contrast, uninfected mouse sera and immune sera prepared seven days post cysticercoid inoculation did not react at all. Antigens of both cyst wall and protoscolex appeared to be of parasite origin and not of host origin, and appeared similar in parasites from the different host species.