现代分子生物学研究方法综述

分子生物学是生命科学的重要分支学科,目前以生物大分子为研究对象的分子生物学已经成为现代生物学领域里最具活力的学科．对分子生物学的研究内容、特点及现代分子生物技术的一些进展进行了综述,并展望了现代分子生物学的发展趋势．     

从乙肝疫苗的制备看疫苗纯化技术的发展

疫苗在疾病预防中的地位日益重要,对疫苗质量的要求也日益提高。近年来,在传统和新型疫苗的制备中,应用先进的分离纯化技术是提高疫苗效力降低副反应的有效手段。回顾不同时期乙肝疫苗的纯化方法,概述当今疫苗纯化技术的应用及发展。     

Software sensors for fermentation processes

Four software sensors based on standard on-line data from fermentation processes and simple mathematical models were used to monitor a number of state variables in Escherichia coli fed-batch processes: the biomass concentration, the specific growth rate, the oxygen transfer capacity of the bioreactor, and the new R _O/S sensor which is the ratio between oxygen and energy substrate consumption. The R _O/S variable grows continuously in a fed-batch culture with constant glucose feed, which reflects the increasing maintenance demand at declining specific growth rate. The R _O/S sensor also responded to rapid pH shift-downs reflecting the increasing demand for maintenance energy. It is suggested that this sensor may be used to monitor the extent of physiological stress that demands energy for survival.     

现代生物技术引发的几点思考

现代生物技术正在改变着人类生活与思维方式,其发展有可能重新实现了人与自然的共存与进化,但也不可避免地产生生物战争、伦理道德、法律、社会、食品安全、工农业生产、能源、环境等一些新的问题,令人们深思。     

贝类中人源诺如病毒污染净化技术研究进展

人源诺如病毒是全球引起人急性胃肠炎的食源性病原体之一.牡蛎、贻贝等贝类消化腺组织中含有诺如病毒受体类似物,可从污染水体中富集高浓度病毒,因此,生食或食用加工不当的受污染贝类极易造成诺如病毒感染.污染贝类的净化处理技术已成为诺如病毒防控领域中的研究热点,例如消杀试剂、臭氧处理工艺、新型非热消杀技术以及最近报道的具有抗病毒...     

翻转课堂结合学生小讲课在临床微生物学检验技术实习教学中的探索

探讨翻转课堂结合学生小讲课在临床微生物学检验技术实习教学中的应用价值.选择在中南大学湘雅三医院检验科实习的2018年医学检验技术专业实习生48名为对照组,2019年的42名实习生为实验组.对照组采用传统的实习带教模式,实验组采用翻转课堂结合学生小讲课的教学模式.两组实习生均接受出科考试及满意度调查问卷填写,比较两组教学...     

寿胎丸提高子宫树突状细胞的表达改善超促排卵大鼠子宫内膜容受性

摘要 目的：探究寿胎丸提高子宫树突状细胞的表达改善超促排卵(controlled ovary hyperstimulation,COH）大鼠子宫内膜容受性。方法：将大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、寿胎丸（低、中、高剂量）组,用促性激素释放激素激动剂（gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist,GnRH-a）、尿促性腺激素（human menopausal gonadotropin,HMG）和人绒毛膜促性腺激素（human chorionic gonado-tropin,HCG）构建COH大鼠模型,寿胎丸低、中、高剂量组采用2.5、5和10 g/ kg/d寿胎丸灌胃。流式检测子宫内膜树突状细胞（Uterine dendritic call,uDC）表面特异性标记蛋白OX-62。Western blot检测CD34和血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）蛋白表达。结果：与对照组比较,模型组OX-62阳性表达率降低,CD34和VEGF表达明显降低（P<0.05）。与模型组比较,寿胎丸低、中、高剂量组OX-62阳性表达率上升,CD34和VEGF表达明显升高,呈剂量依赖性（P<0.05）。结论：寿胎丸提高子宫树突状细胞的表达改善超促排卵大鼠子宫内膜容受性。     

Real‐time monitoring and control of the load phase of a protein A capture step

The load phase in preparative Protein A capture steps is commonly not controlled in real‐time. The load volume is generally based on an offline quantification of the monoclonal antibody (mAb) prior to loading and on a conservative column capacity determined by resin‐life time studies. While this results in a reduced productivity in batch mode, the bottleneck of suitable real‐time analytics has to be overcome in order to enable continuous mAb purification. In this study, Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS) modeling on UV/Vis absorption spectra was applied to quantify mAb in the effluent of a Protein A capture step during the load phase. A PLS model based on several breakthrough curves with variable mAb titers in the HCCF was successfully calibrated. The PLS model predicted the mAb concentrations in the effluent of a validation experiment with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.06 mg/mL. The information was applied to automatically terminate the load phase, when a product breakthrough of 1.5 mg/mL was reached. In a second part of the study, the sensitivity of the method was further increased by only considering small mAb concentrations in the calibration and by subtracting an impurity background signal. The resulting PLS model exhibited a RMSE of prediction of 0.01 mg/mL and was successfully applied to terminate the load phase, when a product breakthrough of 0.15 mg/mL was achieved. The proposed method has hence potential for the real‐time monitoring and control of capture steps at large scale production. This might enhance the resin capacity utilization, eliminate time‐consuming offline analytics, and contribute to the realization of continuous processing. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 368–373. © 2016 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Localization of unmyelinated axons in rat skin and mucocutaneous tissue utilizing the isolectin GS-I-B

The a-D-galactose specific isolectin I-B4 from Griffonia simplicifolia (GS-I-B4) labels CNS microglia and certain peripheral neurons, including a subpopulation of small dark, type B dorsal root ganglion cells, some post-ganglionic sympathetic axons, and nearly all peripheral gustatory axons. The innervation patterns of GS-I-B4 reactive sensory ganglion cells are unknown for many peripheral target tissues, including their probable primary target, the skin. The present study describes the distribution of GS-I-B4 reactive axons in hairy and glabrous hindpaw skin and in the glans penis of rats, using both single and double-labelling histochemical techniques. Neuronal processes were identified using (1) histochemistry with horseradish peroxidase conjugated GS-I-B4 or (2) immunohistochemistry against PGP 9.5 to identify all axons, and biotinylated lectin histochemistry with avidin-FITC to identify the subpopulation of GS-I-B4 reactive axons. GS-I-B4 strongly labelled unmyelinated cutaneous sensory afferents, as well as some sympathetic efferents and visceral afferents. Lectin reactive axons were seen to innervate the upper hair shaft epidermis in hairy skin, and were abundant in the shallow dermis in hairy and glabrous skin and glans penis. Lectin reactive axons were also abundant in the lamina propria and distal urethral epithelium of the penis. These results provide new evidence for the cutaneous sensory role of GS-I-B4 reactive primary afferents, as well as evidence to support the contention that the lectin is a specific marker for a subpopulation of unmyelinated axons and not simply a marker for the myelination state of an axon.     

中国杜鹃花属云锦杜鹃亚组的研究

云锦杜鹃亚组是(Subsect. Fortunea)杜鹃花属内常绿杜鹃亚属(Subgenus Hymenanthes原始亚组之一。含有26种7个亚种和12个变种。根据形态特征,地理分布和种间关系,将所有的种分为7个植物群,每群有特征描述,还备有全部中国种的地理分市及一个有6个梢物群在四川的分布图和1个杭物群A到E的演化趋势图,并表明植物群F和G的孤立地位。进而说明了本亚组杜鹃花的现代分布中心在中国四川西部地区。