噬菌体单链抗体文库的构建及筛选

噬菌体抗体是继多克隆抗体、单克隆抗体之后兴起的第3代基因工程抗体.噬菌体抗体库技术是抗体基因文库技术和噬菌体表面展示技术相结合形成的一项新技术与方法,在生物科学领域极具潜力.现主要就近年来该技术在抗体基因扩增、抗体库的构建、筛选方法等方面的进展进行综述.     

我国生物柴油产业的回顾与展望

本文回顾了近年来我国生物柴油产业的发展历程,分析了我国生物柴油生产原料的主要来源,并就生物柴油的生产技术及相应的国内代表性企业进行了综述,最后对我国生物柴油的未来发展方向进行了展望。     

敲除富马酸酶基因对E.coli厌氧混合酸发酵的影响

基于基因工程菌生产丁二酸代谢途径,以E.coli BA001(△ldh,△pfl)为出发菌株,利用RED同源重组技术敲除了富马酸酶基因fumB,得到重组菌E.coli BA002(△ldh,△pfl,△fum),通过减少苹果酸生成富马酸的通量,实现苹果酸的积累.实验结果表明:对比E.coli BA001,敲除富马酸酶基因会较大程度地改变丁二酸、乙酸等的分布,在两阶段和专一性厌氧发酵中,丁二酸产率由81％、63％分别下降为76％、54％,E.coli BA002中乙酸有较大幅度的增加,而苹果酸的产量为0.25 g/L;通过外源添加1g/L的苹果酸,发现丁二酸和乙酸的产量进一步增加.实验实现了富马酸酶基因的敲除:一方面使得乙酸产量明显增加,另一方面厌氧主导酶FumB的敲除不能完全阻断厌氧发酵苹果酸到富马酸途径.     

电诱导棕色固氮菌表达抗氨阻遏特性的初步研究

采用循环伏安技术电诱导棕色固氮菌成为抗氨阻遏的菌株,其菌株最高耐氨率可高达８ｍＭＮＨ＾４＋左右。农田实验结果表明,直接施用该固菌于农田中,能使玉米及花生增产５％～８％,菌体的抗氨阻遏能力与封土质及成分有着密切关系。     

抗人呼吸道合胞病毒融合糖蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及体外鉴定

目的:获得能稳定分泌抗人呼吸道合胞病毒(human respiratory syncytial virus, RSV)融合糖蛋白(fusion glycoprotein, F)单克隆抗体(monoclonal antibody, mAb)的杂交瘤细胞株,以期用于RSV感染的早期诊断和被动免疫治疗研究。方法:通过杂交瘤技术制备可特异性识别RSV F的单抗,体外鉴定生物学特性。结果:获得了可分泌抗RSV F蛋白的杂交瘤细胞株F8,体外连续传代培养2个月,能稳定分泌抗体F8,培养上清效价为1∶1000,亲和常数(Ka)为6.8×10⁸ L/mol。F8属IgG1型抗体,可特异性识别RSV F1亚单位的AA 205-222。免疫酶法蚀斑减少中和实验证实F8具有体外中和活性及融合抑制活性。结论:获得具有中和活性的抗RSV F蛋白的单克隆抗体,为RSV感染的早期诊断及被动免疫治疗等奠定了基础。     

Chip devices for miniaturized biotechnology

Chip devices were introduced in chemistry and molecular biology to improve the read-out of information from molecular systems by efficient analytical procedures and to organize automated experiments. Biochips and chip reactor systems are of interest for cellular processes, too, and can be regarded as components in interfaces for the information exchange between living nature and digital electronic systems. In this minireview, different types of chip reactors for biotechnological applications like nanotiterplates, chip thermocyclers and devices for segmented flow operations are discussed. Finally, an outlook is given on the application of chip reactor systems, which are promising tools for automated experiments with highly parallelized screening procedures, for artificial microcompartmentation, cell analogue systems, micro-ecological studies, investigations on modulated morphogenesis, and for a bioanalogue molecular nanotechnology.     

Transformation of animal genomics by next-generation sequencing technologies: a decade of challenges and their impact on genetic architecture

For more than a quarter of a century, sequencing technologies from Sanger’s method to next-generation high-throughput techniques have provided fascinating opportunities in the life sciences. The continuing upward trajectory of sequencing technologies will improve livestock research and expedite the development of various new genomic and technological studies with farm animals. The use of high-throughput technologies in livestock research has increased interest in metagenomics, epigenetics, genome-wide association studies, and identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variations. Such studies are beginning to provide revolutionary insights into biological and evolutionary processes. Farm animals, such as cattle, swine, and horses, have played a dual role as economically and agriculturally important animals as well as biomedical research models. The first part of this study explores the current state of sequencing methods, many of which are already used in animal genomic studies, and the second part summarizes the state of cattle, swine, horse, and chicken genome sequencing and illustrates its achievements during the last few years. Finally, we describe several high-throughput sequencing approaches for the improved detection of known, unknown, and emerging infectious agents, leading to better diagnosis of infectious diseases. The insights from viral metagenomics and the advancement of next-generation sequencing will strongly support specific and efficient vaccine development and provide strategies for controlling infectious disease transmission among animal populations and/or between animals and humans. However, prospective sequencing technologies will require further research and in-field testing before reaching the marketplace.     

酵母基因组共表达基因簇与其上游顺式作用元件的关系

ＤＮＡ微阵列技术的快速发展开辟了从表达图谱研究基因组功能的新途径。酵母全基因组的测定和基因组表达图谱数据的发表使其成为研究真核基因转录调控机制的首选目标。运用生物信息学的工具研究了酵母基因组中基因上游顺式调控元件与基因组表达图谱的关系。结果表明,表达紧密关系的同一簇基因都具有若干特异的顺式作用元件,其表达受到相应反式调控因子的控制。找到的位点中,一部分与已知顺式作用元件相对应;另一部分可能是新的顺     

酿酒酵母的"组学"技术研究进展及其在工程菌株构建中的应用

酿酒酵母是真核模式生物,已被广泛用于 "组学"水平的研究。"组学"技术主要由基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学及代谢组学构成。综述了酵母菌"组学"的研究进展,并论述了酵母菌"组学"技术在酵母菌菌株改造中的应用,包括酒类及生物燃料乙醇工业生产菌株的基因工程改造等。     

Health Concerns Versus Mobile Data Needs: Conjoint Measurement of Preferences for Mobile Communication Network Scenarios

As demands for mobile broadband services and ubiquitous network coverage in our societies are increasing, the mobile communication network infrastructure has to be expanded. Concurrently, the technical infrastructure of mobile communication technologies (base stations) raises the public's concerns about health risks due to electromagnetic fields (EMF). By applying conjoint analyses, the study empirically investigates the relationship between mobile data demands, different base station locations, the prevalence of perceived health complaints, and the impact of compensation payments. Findings show that health concerns are the most critical factor for mobile network communication scenario preferences, followed by data rate availability. In the decision scenarios, base station location and compensation payments played a minor role. Two user groups, cellphone and smart phone users who differ in their sensitivity regarding health concerns and data demands, were identified by segmentation analysis. By means of a sensitivity analysis, different mobile communication network scenarios were analyzed. Outcomes show the importance of integrating users’ preferences into the design of mobile communication networks. This especially refers to an increased sensitivity regarding health concerns in cellphone users and minimum requirements for data rates at least sufficient for the usage of mobile Internet services for smart phone users.