河南董寨再引入朱鹮种群的巢址分布特征

为了解再引入朱鹮(Nipponia nippon)种群的分布与扩张情况,本研究对董寨再引入朱鹮野外种群的繁殖巢址进行了调查研究。在2014到2022年间,共调查统计了84个野化放飞朱鹮及其后代的繁殖巢址,使用圆形分布法分析了巢址与放飞点的相对方位和集中程度,并根据全部巢址的空间分布,使用固定核空间方法计算得到巢区(95%巢址所在区域)与核心巢区(50%巢址所在区域)的分布范围和面积。将巢址图层、土地覆盖图层以及数字高程模型叠加,观察朱鹮巢址选择的生境偏好,并使用单样本t检验判断了巢址平均海拔与巢区海拔间的差异。结果显示,繁殖巢址与放飞点平均距离(平均值 ± 标准差)(12.82 ± 14.11)km(n = 84),平均方位角(平均值 ± 标准差)为(138.99 ± 82.44)°(瑞利检验：Z = 10.60,P < 0.01)。核心巢区与巢区面积分别为74.43 km2和549.66 km2。巢址平均海拔(平均值 ± 标准差)(103 ± 43)m,显著低于巢区内平均海拔(t =﹣5.48,df = 83,P < 0.01)。巢址的分布主要位于水稻田和森林的交界区域。逐年繁殖区域分布图显示,繁殖区域基本朝向西北-东南方向扩张,与圆形分布分析结果一致。本研究描述了董寨再引入朱鹮种群繁殖巢址的分布特征与扩张趋势,可以为野外朱鹮潜在繁殖地和栖息地的保护提供参考,优化保护工作中的人力物力资源配置。     

Dispersal corridors for plant species in the Poyang Lake Basin of southeast China identified by integration of phylogeographic and geospatial data

Measuring the dispersal of wildlife through landscapes is notoriously difficult. Recently, the categorical least cost path algorithm that integrates population genetic data with species distribution models has been applied to reveal population connectivity. In this study, we use this method to identify the possible dispersal corridors of five plant species (Castanopsis tibetana, Schima superba, Cyclocarya paliurus, Sargentodoxa cuneata, Eomecon chionantha) in the Poyang Lake Basin (PLB, largely coinciding with Jiangxi Province), China, in the late Quaternary. The results showed that the strongest population connectivity for the five species occurred in the Wuyi Mountains and the Yu Mountains of the eastern PLB (East Corridor) during the late Quaternary. In the western PLB, populations of the five species were connected by the Luoxiao Mountains and the Jiuling Mountains (West Corridor) but with a lower degree of connectivity. There were some minor connections between the eastern and the western populations across the Gannan Hills. When the corridors of five species were overlaid, the East Corridor and the West Corridor were mostly shared by multiple species. These results indicate that plant species in the PLB could have responded to the Quaternary climate changes by moving along the East Corridor and the West Corridor. Given that dispersal corridors have seldom been considered in the governmental strategies of biodiversity conservation in the PLB, preserving and restoring natural vegetation along these corridors should be prioritized to mitigate the effects of anthropogenic climate change by facilitating migration of plant species and other biota.     

山西毛榛植物构型特征分析

以山西省中条山大河林场、太岳山绵山林场、兴唐寺林场和七里峪林场、五台山金岗库林场、恒山王庄堡林场的毛榛（Corylus mandshurica Maxim.）为研究对象,采用样方调查方法,系统研究了毛榛在不同生境中的构型和分形维数特征。结果显示,大河林场毛榛的总体分枝率和枝径比（RBD_2：1、RBD_3：2）均大于其它地区,逐步分枝率（SBR_1：2、SBR_2：3）与总体分枝率呈现出相反的趋势,五台山金岗库林场毛榛的逐步分枝率最大;山西省各研究地毛榛的分枝角度差异显著,北部地区从1级到3级有减小的趋势,金岗库林场的毛榛1级分枝角度最大;分枝长度也呈现出从1级到3级逐渐减小的趋势,其各级分枝长度排序为：金岗库林场 > 王庄堡林场 > 七里峪林场 > 兴唐寺林场 > 绵山林场 > 大河林场;从分形维数来看,金岗库林场毛榛的树冠分维数和分枝分维数均为最大;各研究地毛榛的叶面积和地上生物量从北到南均表现为逐渐减小;金岗库林场毛榛叶面积的平均值、叶生物量和枝生物量均最大。研究结果表明6个研究区中金岗库林场的毛榛长势最好,该地的气候条件最适宜毛榛生长。     

湖南省花臭蛙复合体分类及分布格局

运用形态特征系统聚类和分子系统学分析,研究先前报道的湖南省花臭蛙(Odorrana schmackeri)各地理种群的分类组成及其分布格局。结果显示,原认定的花臭蛙湖南省各地理种群已分化为花臭蛙和黄岗臭蛙(O.huanggangensis)两个物种。分布于湘西南及南部雪峰山和南岭的花臭蛙种群应修订为黄岗臭蛙,为湖南省臭蛙属物种新发现,湘西北及湘东南罗霄山脉的种群为花臭蛙,黄岗臭蛙与花臭蛙在张家界市武陵源景区同域分布。湘西北武陵山与雪峰山之间以及湘中丘陵地带花臭蛙种群的分类归属,黄岗臭蛙和花臭蛙在湖南省分布格局的形成以及同域分布的机制值得探讨。     

青海省七种鸟类新纪录

2013年至2016年野外调查期间,发现7种青海省鸟类新纪录,分别为靴隼雕(Hieraaetus pennatus)、金黄鹂(Oriolus oriolus)、苍头燕雀(Fringilla coelebs)、蓝鹀(Latoucheornis siemsseni)、黄鹀(Emberiza citrinella)、灰颈鹀(E.buchanani)、黄喉鹀(E.elegans)。这些发现不仅为鸟类种群分布地扩展、迁徙路线的研究以及鸟类的保护和监测提供了依据,同时也为探讨鸟类潜在分布地提供了参考。     

甘肃省资源环境承载力时空分异

从经济、社会、环境和资源4个子系统中选取24个指标构建区域资源环境承载力评价体系,运用加权TOPSIS模型结合GIS的空间分析功能从时间和空间维度对甘肃省14个市州2004—2013年的综合承载力和4个子系统内部承载力水平进行剖析。研究表明:(1)近10年甘肃省各市州资源环境综合承载力指数呈低水平上的平稳态势,与经济发展水平一致;呈西北高东南低的空间格局和金字塔形的层次结构。嘉峪关市居第1层;金昌市、兰州市、酒泉市居第2层;其他市州居第3层;(2)各子系统对资源环境综合承载力的影响不同。生态环境子系统的承载力对资源环境综合承载力贡献最大,明显高于其他3系统,经济系统贡献很小;(3)各市州各子系统承载力指数存在明显的时空分异。经济支撑力指数呈河西(除武威外)和兰州高,东南和南部低的空间格局,呈现金字塔形的层次结构整体偏低变化较小。社会承载力指数除金昌市有较大的突变外各市区都比较平稳,空间上呈河西(除武威外)和兰州高,东南、南部低的空间格局;嘉峪关市、兰州、酒泉3市较高,其余各地都较低。环境承载力指数变动频繁,波动幅度不大,空间上基本呈两头高中间低的哑铃状空间格局。资源承载力指数偏低,武威、庆阳、定西、甘南、临夏和天水6市州指数曲线平稳,其余8市州波动频繁,波动幅度大,空间上呈河西地区(除武威外)和陇南市高,其余各州市低的集中分布格局。     

甘肃白龙江流域净生态系统生产力时空变化

净生态系统生产力(NEP)是估算区域植被碳源、碳汇的重要指标。以甘肃白龙江流域为研究区,结合MODIS与气象数据对2000—2013年的流域净生态系统生产力时空变化进行了研究,并探讨了典型地形因子对NEP的影响。结果表明:(1)2000—2013年甘肃白龙江流域单位面积NEP平均为226.65 g C m~(-2)a~(-1),碳汇区主要分布在白龙江上游两岸、岷江西岸、白水江南岸、大团鱼河两岸的山地林区,碳源区主要分布在武都区、迭部县北缘的高寒草甸区等。(2)从不同植被类型上看,常绿阔叶林、常绿/落叶阔叶混交林单位面积NEP最高,高寒草地单位面积NEP最小,且耕地单位面积NEP增加最明显,常绿/落叶阔叶混交林单位面积NEP降低最明显。(3)2000—2013年研究区单位面积NEP总体上呈增加的趋势,增加明显的地区分布在流域的中部和西北部,4—9月为流域碳汇季节。(4)地形因子对甘肃白龙江流域NEP有明显影响,海拔4200 m以下多为碳汇区;陡坡区的碳汇能力的增长趋势低于缓坡区;阴坡的碳汇能力高于阳坡区。     

甘肃省生态承载力空间定量评价及耦合协调性

以生态环境脆弱的甘肃省为研究区,选用状态空间法从生态功能弹性力、资源环境供容力以及社会经济协调力3个维度构建生态承载力评价指标体系,对甘肃省2010年生态承载力的空间分异特征、空间关联特征以及耦合协调性进行分析。结果表明:(1)空间分布上,甘肃省生态承载力总体呈现东南高西北低,从东南高承载区向西北弱承载区逐级递减的空间分布格局;相近或相异生态地理分区的生态承载力表现出空间和数量上的一致性和差异性;特别地,河西走廊独特的绿洲生态景观,促使该地区生态承载力存在明显的空间异质性。(2)空间关联上,甘肃省生态承载力的分布呈正的全局空间自相关,存在显著的高值(或低值)集聚区;局部空间自相关LISA集聚类型主要包括HH和LL 2种类型,前者分布于甘南高原、陇南山地及河西走廊以南的祁连山区,后者则分布于苏干湖水系以北的酒泉境内与石羊河流域下游的武威民勤地区。(3)耦合协调性上,甘肃省生态承载力综合耦合协调性空间差异较大,从东南到西北呈现高-低协调相间分布的格局;较高协调地区出现在甘肃省东南部与河西走廊中东段,而较低协调地区则位于兰州-白银经济区及河西走廊西段;维度间耦合协调性受制于本地区自然和人文环境状况,使其空间分布与协调程度表现得不尽相同。     

Evaluation of the eco-environmental frangibility in west Jilin Province based on the matter-element model

The west Jilin Province is a typical area in the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry, with a frangible eco-environment. With respect to the three aspects of water resource, natural disasters and land degradation, 10 indices were selected to establish a matter-element model for the assessment of eco-environmental frangibility in the west Jilin Province. The results indicate that during 1985-2000, Qian’an, Fuyu, and Changling had the least frangibility (level I), followed by Da’an and Qianguo (level II), and Taobei, Zhenlai, Taonan, and Tongyu had the highest frangibility (level III). On the whole, the counties in Songyuan city were less frangible than those in Baicheng city. Different counties had different frangibilities to environmental factors, e.g., Da’an and Tongyu were frangible in water resource conditions; Taobei, Zhenlai, Taonan, Tongyu and Qian’an suffered most from natural disasters; while Taobei, Taonan and Qianguo were threatened by severe land degradation. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2007, 26(2): 291–295 [译自: 生态学杂志]     

Assessment of Hebei flora against the IUCN Red List Criteria in China

Some plants of Hebei Province in China are under threat from human activities, such as over-herding and over-exploitation of wild medicinal plants and industrial plants, etc. To identify the plants in danger in the province and to inspect the quality of the environment encompassing Beijing and Tianjin, a red list of the threatened flora of Hebei Province was produced by using the IUCN Red List Criteria (version 3.1) and its guidelines (version 6.2). Some 262 species were assessed and the results were as follows: (1) the threatened flora include 211 species, accounting for 7.95% of the total native vascular plants. Among them, 44 are Critically Endangered, 80 Endangered and 87 Vulnerable; (2) the destruction of the habitat caused by human activities and the actual or potential exploitation of the plants themselves were the main threat factors of Hebei flora; (3) most of the threatened plants are located in the western, northern and northeastern mountainous regions, namely the key regions of Hebei plant diversity; the endemic and regionally endemic species are severely threatened. Consequently, the assessment not only presented the threatened status of Hebei flora but also indicated the relatively fragile health status of the environment of Beijing and Tianjin. Thus, it is suggested that the application of the IUCN Red List Criteria at the regional level, as an index, could reflect the health status of the local ecosystem. In addition, more concrete measures are needed to conserve the plant diversity and the natural ecosystem of Hebei Province and even the whole region encompassing Beijing and Tianjin.