Interaction of allosteric effectors (ATP,CO2, H+) modulating oxygen affinity of the hemoglobin in the carp,Cyprinus carpio,in vitro

Summary The interaction of allosteric effectors (CO₂, ATP, H⁺) with respect to the oxygen affinity of carp hemoglobin was analyzed by determining oxygen binding curves spectrophotometrically in dilute solutions of stripped hemoglobin at 20°C. The pH range studied was 6.8–8.2.P _CO2 was 0, 10 and 70 mmHg (0, 1.33 and 9.3 kPa). ATP/Hb₄ was 0, 8 and 24. In the presence of either CO₂ or ATP, the effects of the cofactors onP ₅₀ were as expected over the whole pH range. In contrast to other published data, each cofactor also had a significant effect onP ₅₀ in the presence of the other cofactor. Evidence was obtained that oxylabile carbamate is formed by carp hemoglobin and that the formation of carbamate persists at a lower level in the presence of ATP. The results support the view that the binding of ATP to carp hemoglobin requires only one terminal amino group, leaving the other N-terminal of the -chain free to react with CO₂.     

鲤鳃表面结构扫描电镜研究

鲤的鳃丝表面显示了由三边形一六边形不等的表皮细胞,呈现出各种图案式的结构。     

Changes of carp myosin subfragment-1 induced by temperature acclimation

Summary Heavy meromyosin subfragment-1 (S1) was prepared by -chymotrypsin from myosin of carp acclimated to either 10°C or 30°C for a minimum of 5 weeks. The objective of these studies was to document thermally-induced changes in the myosin molecule and to extend previous observations. Ca²⁺- and K⁺ (EDTA)-ATPase activities of cold-acclimated carp S1 were 1.1 and 0.8 mol P_i·min^-1·mg^-1, respectively, and these values did not differ significantly from those of warm-acclimated carp. The inactivation rate constant (K_D) of S1 from cold-acclimated carp was 32.1x10^-4· s^-1, compared to 13.2x10^-4·s^-1 for warm-acclimated carp. The maximum initial velocity of acto-S1 Mg²⁺-ATPase activity at pH 7.0 in 0.05 M KCl was 9.3 s^-1 with cold-acclimated carp, about 3.7 times higher than that for warm-acclimated carp. However, no significant difference was observed in the apparent affinity of S1 to actin. Peptides maps of the heavy chain of S1 were different and suggested distinct isoforms for the myosins from warm- and cold-acclimated muscle.Abbreviations ATPase adenosine 5-triphosphatase - DTNB 5,5-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) - DTT dithiothreitol - EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid - EGTA ethyleneglycol bis (-aminoethylether)-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid - K _D inactivation rate constant - K _m apparent dissociation constant - P _i inorganic -phosphate - PMSF phenylmethane-sulfonyl fluoride - S ₁ heavy meromyosin subfragment-1 - SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate - SDS-PAGE SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis - TPCK N-tosyl-l-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone - V _max maximum initial velocity     

The complete nucleotide sequence and gene organization of carp (Cyprinus carpio) mitochondrial genome

The complete sequence of the carp mitochondrial genome of 16,575 base pairs has been determined. The carp mitochondrial genome encodes the same set of genes (13 proteins, 2 rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs) as do other vertebrate mitochondrial DNAs. Comparison of this teleostean mitochondrial genome with those of other vertebrates reveals a similar gene order and compact genomic organization. The codon usage of proteins of carp mitochondrial genome is similar to that of other vertebrates. The phylogenetic relationship for mitochondrial protein genes is more apparent than that for the mitochondrial tRNA and rRNA genes.Correspondence to: F. Huang     

鲤肠道正常菌群的研究

本实验用稀释滴种的定量方法,对淡水养殖地中健康鲤肠道内的１０种菌群进行了定性、定量分析,并对结果进行统计学处理,得到鲤肠菌群的一些生理值。结果表明鲤肠道中需氧、兼性厌氧优势菌是气单胞菌和酵母菌,厌氧优势菌是拟杆菌。对不同时间、不同温度条件下同一养殖池中鲤肠道菌群的测定结果比较表明：葡萄球菌、假单胞菌差异显著（ｐ＜０．０５）,气单胞菌、大肠杆菌、需氧芽胞杆菌、酵母菌、乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、拟杆菌、梭状芽胞杆菌差异不显著（ｐ＞０．０５）,表明该８种菌群在鲤肠道中的菌数处于相对稳定状态,属于肠道正常菌群。     

草鱼染色体的包装（间期—中期）

以草鱼ＺＣ７９０１细胞株为材料,观察鱼类细胞从间期染色质到中期染色体的包装过程。主要通过（１）分裂期与间期细胞融合,诱导染色体早熟凝集;（２）染色体“伸长”处理;（３）培养细胞的低渗处理;（４）染色质辅展等方法,制作染色体标本,进行扫描和透射电镜观察。观察表明,鱼类染色质的基本结构与哺乳类细胞相同,也是直径约１０ｎｍ的核丝。染色体的色装有两种形式：一种是多级螺旋化形成直径约３００ｎｍ的染色单体,     

复合酶制剂EA－2对鲤生长的影响

利用复合酶制剂ＥＡ－２在池溏中饲养鲤５０ｄ,实验组鲤尾增重率高于对照组１２．３—２７．５％,而饲料系数低于对照组１８．７６—１０．８９％。实验组鲤肝胰脏淀粉酶活力显著增加,而肝、胰脏蛋白酶活力显著降低,实验组鲤肠内蛋白酶活力和淀粉酶活力均显著增加。酶制剂对鲤肥满度、肝胰比、内脏比、肝胰脏和背部肌肉的生化成份均无显著影响。     

The effects of thermal acclimation upon ion transport in erythrocytes

The different components of ⁸⁶Rb⁺ influx (a marker for K⁺ influx) were measured in erythrocytes of 10°C and 30°C-acclimated carp. Passive influx was similar in both acclimation groups and was stimulated by increased temperature. The active and facilitated components of ⁸⁶Rb⁺ influx plateaued above 15°C in 10°C-acclimated carp and above 25°C in 30°C-acclimated carp. The furosemide-sensitive component, an ill-defined facilitated mechanism, was particularly affected by high temperatures. The influx rates of each acclimation group at 50°C were almost identical but at higher temperatures, the influx rates for 30°C-acclimated carp were substantially greater than for the 10°C-acclimated fish.     

白鲢鱼与黄鳝血清转铁蛋白的分离纯化及其结构和性质的比较

1.白鲢鱼与黄鳝血清转铁蛋白在分离纯化上的差异。2.用SDS-PAGE测定分子量,白鲢鱼血清转铁蛋白有两个组份,分子量分别为77kD和70kD;黄鳝血清转铁蛋白为单一组份,分子量为68.1 kD。3.白鲢鱼与黄鳝血清转铁蛋白都含糖,但都不与ConA-Sepharose柱结合。4.白鲢鱼与黄鳝血清转铁蛋白氨基酸组成的测定和比较。5.白鲢鱼与黄鳝血清转铁蛋白用胰蛋白酶在相同条件下进行酶解,白鲢鱼能得到分子量在37kD左右的二个片段,而黄鳝则几乎不能被胰蛋白酶酶解。6.白鲢鱼血清转铁蛋白在404.5nm处有一特异吸收峰,而黄鳝则在407.5nm处。