两种光合细菌生物转化槲寄生培养液菌体中几种同工酶的变化

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对两种光合细菌的生物转化槲寄生培养液中菌体的蛋白质和几种同工酶进行研究,并以纯光合细菌培养液中菌体作对照。结果表明,光合细菌生物转化槲寄生过程中,两种光合细菌的蛋白质、酯酶同工酶和过氧化物酶同工酶均发生改变,某些蛋白质、酯酶和过氧化物酶的合成受到抑制,并有新的蛋白质、酯酶和过氧化物酶生成;超氧化物歧化酶的表达未明显改变。由此可见,槲寄生能诱导光合细菌合成新的酯酶和过氧化物酶,这些诱导酶可能参与了槲寄生的生物转化。为光合细菌生物转化槲寄生转化机理的研究及槲寄生在抗肿瘤领域的进一步应用奠定了基础。     

根瘤菌属几种同工酶的研究

本文对根瘤菌属12株不同根瘤菌的过氧化物酶,谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶及酯酶同工酶进行了测定,结果发现:所有菌株的过氧化物酶和谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶均呈阴性。酯酶同工酶酶带数在快生型和慢生型根瘤菌之间存在明显的区别,在YMA培养基上,快生型根瘤菌仅有1—2条,迁移率在0.71—0.98之间变化;而慢生型根瘤菌却有4—6条酶带,迁移率在0.15—0.98之间变化,同一菌株在不同碳源上酯酶同工酶酶带数也发生显著变化。     

不同品系实验小鼠6种脱氢酶同工酶的比较研究

本文采用0.5mm超薄层水平板状聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦技术,对A/wy,AKR/J,A2G/J,BALB/cA,CBA/N,C3H/HeJ,C57BL/6N,DBA/2J,129/J等9个近交系小鼠品系的MEs,MEm,ADH,LDH,MDHs,MDHm等6种脱氢酶同工酶作了等电点测定和分析。依据等电聚焦酶谱,比较研究了酶谱类型和酶活性差异与代谢功能的关系以及与基因变异的关系。结果显示:ADH-r1酶谱型为对乙醇低氧化能力型,ADH-r2酶谱型为对乙醇高氧化能力型。C57BL/6N的胃ADH同工酶谱与众不同,特征酶带p16.87为r2型,属酒精高嗜性品系;其余品系的胃ADH同工酶谱为ADH-r1型,均为酒精低嗜性品系。DBA/2J的肾MDHs同工酶谱为基因变异引起酶活性改变的类型,其中p14.90,p14.99,p15.05等 3条酶带较其它品系的同位酶带活性高,由此推断DBA/2J的肾具有更强的糖异生能力和机体抗饥饿能力。 LDH同工酶等电聚交酶谱表现出极丰富的多态性,鉴于LDH在生物进化中具有的重要地位,作者认为LDH可作为实验动物育种、保种、野生动物实验动物化遗传质量监测的生化标志基因临界位点。超薄层等电聚焦技术具有其它电泳所不具备的优点,作为实验动物遗传质量监测技术更其精确性,值得推荐。     

头状轮生链霉菌谷氨酰胺合成酶的研究 Ⅰ.酶的生成和纯化

以氨为氮源培养头状轮生链霉菌(Streptoverticillium caespitosus)时粗抽提液中谷氨酰胺合成酶(glutamine synthetase, GS)对热稳定,以硝酸盐为氮源时GS对热不稳定。以硫酸链霉素沉淀、热处理、聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)沉淀和Affini-gel Blue柱纯化了前者,以DE-52柱和Affini-gel Blue柱纯化了后者,纯化后两个酶分子量同为550000,亚基分子量同为56000,热稳定性相同,转谷氨酰基酶活力的最适pH均在6.4～6.7之间,对谷氨酰胺的K_m值同为11.1mmol/L,寸羟胺的K_m值同为1.6mmol/L,所以认为此菌中总是同一GS表现出活力。     

Two-dimensional zymogram analysis of nucleases in Bacillus subtilis

A two-dimensional zymogram procedure for the analysis of nucleases is described. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) and nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis (NEPHGE) were compared as first dimensions in combination with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) electrophoresis as the second dimension in analyzing nucleases in lysates of Bacillus subtilis. All renaturable nucleases detected following SDS electrophoresis alone were resolved in NEPHGE-SDS electrophoresis gels whereas, in IEF gels, most either were at the basic end or were not present in the second-dimension gels. This method of analysis has revealed a complexity in nuclease species in B. subtilis not previously recognized. Eighty-three discreet nuclease activities have been detected in B. subtilis lysates. Using purified deoxyribonuclease I (bovine pancreas), as little as 10 pg of nuclease can be detected.     

Glucan-phosphorylase forms in cotyledons of Pisum sativum L.: Localization,developmental change,in-vitro translation,and processing

The occurrence, location, and biosynthesis of glucan-phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1) isoenzymes were studied in cotyledons of developing or germinating seeds of Pisum sativum L. Type-I and type-II isoenzymes were detected, and were also localized by indirect immunofluorescence using polyclonal anti-type-I or anti-type-II phosphorylase antibodies. Type-I isoenzyme was found in the cytosol of parenchyma cells whereas the type-II enzyme form is a plastid protein which resides either in amyloplasts (in developing seeds) or in proplastids (in germinating seeds). During seed development, type-II phosphorylase was the predominant isoenzyme and the type-I isoenzyme represented a very minor compound. During germination, the latter increased whilst type-II phosphorylase remained at a constant level. In in-vitro translation experiments, type-I isoenzyme was observed as a final-size product with an apparent molecular weight of approx. 90 kDa. In contrast, type-II phosphorylase was translated as a high-molecular-weight precursor (116 kDa) which, when incubated with a stromal fraction of isolated intact pea chloroplasts, was processed to the size of the mature protein (105 kDa).Abbreviations IgG immunoglobulin G - kDa kilodalton - poly(A)⁺ RNA polyadenylated RNA - SDS-PAGE sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis This work has been made possible by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. The authors are endebted to Mrs. Karin Niehüser for help in the immunocytochemical studies.     

Pectic zymogram variation and pathogenicity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhizoctonia solani</Emphasis> AG-4 to bean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Phaseolus vulgaris</Emphasis>) isolates in Isfahn,Iran

Rhizoctonia disease, caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most important fungal diseases in bean fields in Isfahan, Iran. Bean plants showing stem and root cankers were collected and Rhizoctonia-like fungi obtained from the samples were identified by anastomosis. Pure cultures of bean isolates of R. solani were identified as AG-4. There were also AG-4 isolates from tomato, potato, cucumber, alfalfa and sugar beet in the areas sampled. A total of 163 isolates of R. solani AG-4 originating from stem and root cankers of beans were examined using pectic zymogram electrophoresis. Polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin estrase isozymes were observed in all AG-4 isolates tested. One (PG) and one pectic esterase (PE) band was found in common between all isolates examined. The electrophoretic patterns were grouped into seven zymogram groups (ZGs) according to the diagnostic PG and PE bands. One ZG occurred in a high frequency throughout the areas sampled. A pathogenicity test was conducted and representative isolates of each ZG were used to inoculate healthy bean plants. The results showed that each ZG caused different symptoms with varying severity. Isolates belonging to two ZGs were highly pathogenic causing root, stem and hypocotyl cankers whereas isolates of the other ZGs produced weak or no symptoms.     

Isolation and characterization of a cold-active,alkaline, detergent stable α-amylase from a novel bacterium Bacillus subtilis N8

A cold-active alkaline amylase producer Bacillus subtilis N8 was isolated from soil samples. Amylase synthesis optimally occurred at 15°C and pH 10.0 on agar plates containing starch. The molecular weight of the enzyme was found to be 205?kDa by performing SDS-PAGE. While the enzyme exhibited the highest activity at 25°C and pH 8.0, it was highly stable in alkaline media (pH 8.0–12.0) and retained 96% of its original activity at low temperatures (10–40°C) for 24?hr. While the amylase activity increased in the presence of β-mercaptoethanol (103%); Ba²⁺, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Zn²⁺, Mn²⁺, H₂O₂, and Triton X-100 slightly inhibited the activity. The enzyme showed resistance to some denaturants: such as SDS, EDTA, and urea (52, 65, and 42%, respectively). N8 α-amylase displayed the maximum remaining activity of 56% with 3% NaCl. The major final products of starch were glucose, maltose, and maltose-derived oligosaccharides. This novel cold-active α-amylase has the potential to be used in the industries of detergent and food, bioremediation process and production of prebiotics.     

Purification and partial characterization of chymotrypsin-like proteases from the digestive gland of the scallop Pecten maximus

Three variants of a chymotrypsin-like protease were purified from scallop digestive glands successively by ion-exchange, gel filtration and high-performance liquid chromatographies. Enzyme activity was detected using succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-p-nitroanilide as a specific synthetic substrate for chymotrypsin. This proteinase was inhibited by chymostatin, diisopropylfluorophosphate and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. Estimated molecular mass of the purified enzyme is around 32 kDa. These isoenzymes exhibit very low activities in hydrolyzing small synthetic specific substrates used for trypsic, elastolytic and collagenolytic measurements and referred mainly to a chymotrypsin-like proteinase. Very few differences were measured concerning pH profiles among the three isoenzymes. Stability is higher at low temperature for two variants. An N-terminal analysis was performed on one variant (B) among the three isoenzymes. The alignment of the N-terminal amino acid sequence indicates some homologies with abalone chymotrypsin-like protein and arthropod chymotrypsin proteases as well as with vertebrate serine protease counterparts (trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase).     

Radioimmunoassay for neopterin in body fluids and tissues

Specific antibodies against D-erythroneopterin have been prepared in rabbits using a conjugate of D-erythroneopterin to bovine serum albumin (D-erythroneopterinylcaproyl-bovine serum albumin). The antiserum distinguished D-erythroneopterin from other pteridines, i.e., three stereoisomers of neopterin, L-erythrobiopterin, folic acid, xanthopterin, and four other synthetic pteridines. Using this specific antiserum, a radioimmunoassay for D-erythroneopterin has been developed to measure the neopterin concentrations in urine and tissues. The conjugate of D-erythroneopterin with tyramine (NP-Tyra) was synthesized and labeled with 125I as the labeled ligand NP-[125I]tyra for the radioimmunoassay. The minimal detectable amount of neopterin was about 0.1 pmol. The concentration of total neopterin (neopterin, 7,8-dihydroneopterin, quinonoid dihydroneopterin, and tetrahydroneopterin) in the biological samples was obtained by iodine oxidation under acidic conditions prior to the radioimmunoassay, and that of neopterin plus 7,8-dihydroneopterin by oxidation under alkaline conditions. Total neopterin values in human urine obtained by this new radioimmunoassay showed a good agreement with those obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. With rat tissue samples which contained very low concentrations of neopterin as compared to biopterin, biopterin was simultaneously determined by our previously reported radioimmunoassay, and neopterin values were corrected for the cross-reactivity (0.1%). The neopterin concentrations obtained by this method agreed with the values obtained by the radioimmunoassays for neopterin and biopterin after their separation by high-performance liquid chromatography. This very small amount of neopterin, as compared with biopterin, in rat tissues could not be determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorometry alone due to the masking of the neopterin peak by a large biopterin peak.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)