双歧杆菌对PHN保护作用的研究

被动型Ｈｅｙｍａｎｎ肾炎（ＰａｓｉｖｅＨｅｙｍａｎｎＮｅｐｈｒｉｔｉｓ,ＰＨＮ）是一种在临床生化及病理学改变方面均酷似人类膜性肾病的实验动物模型,是研究人类膜性肾病的理想模型。本文在成功复制ＰＨＮ模型的基础上,应用双歧杆菌经口饲喂和腹腔内注射两种途径治疗ＰＨＮ大鼠,同时以生理盐水作为治疗对照。结果表明腹腔内注射双歧杆菌可以明显降低２４小时尿蛋白（与经口饲喂和治疗对照组相比Ｐ＜００５）,而经口饲喂双歧杆菌组,作用不明显,推测双歧杆菌全身应用可以通过提高机体细胞免疫能力降低该病的发生     

Monitoring population‐level responses of marine mammals to human activities

We provide guidance for monitoring whether human activities affect the physiology or behavior of marine mammals and, if so, whether those effects may lead to changes in survival and reproduction at the population level. We suggest that four elements be included in designing and implementing such a monitoring program. The first is development of a theory of change: a set of mechanistic hypotheses that outline why a given activity might be expected to have one or more measurable effects on individuals and populations, and ideally the magnitude, timing, and duration of the effects. The second element, definition of biologically meaningful effect sizes, ultimately facilitates the development of a monitoring program that can detect those magnitudes of effect with the desired levels of precision. The third element, selection of response variables for monitoring, allows inference to whether observed changes in the status of individuals or populations are attributable to a given activity. Visual observations, passive acoustic and tagging instruments, and direct physical measurements all can provide data that facilitate quantitative hypothesis testing. The fourth element is specification of the temporal sequence of monitoring. These elements also can be used to inform monitoring of the responses of other taxonomic groups to human activities.     

血栓通配合康复训练对缺血性脑卒中恢复期患者肢体康复的疗效

目的:探究血栓通配合康复训练对缺血性脑卒中(cerebral arterial thrombosis,CAT)恢复期患者肢体康复的疗效情况。方法:选取2011年3月-2013年3月我院收治的84例CAT患者按数字表法随机分为观察组和对照组,各42例。对照组单纯采用康复训练治疗,观察组在对照组康复训练的基础上服用血栓通配合治疗,分别观察治疗前、治疗后1个月、3个月、6个月的各项基本指标并对比研究。结果:两组患者治疗前和治疗1月后Barthel评分无明显差异(P0.05);观察组治疗后3、6个月Barthel评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组患者治疗前和治疗1月后肢体Fugl-Meyer评分无明显差异(P0.05);观察组治疗后3、6个月肢体Fugl-Meyer评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且对照组出院时上肢依然未完全恢复。通过对对照组和观察组患者的生活质量评分比较,观察组生活质量的各项评分均明显高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对缺血性脑卒中恢复期患者采用血栓通药物配合适当的康复训练疗效较好,术后肢体恢复理想,值得作为治疗CAT的首选方法在临床上推广应用。     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrrolidine derivatives as novel and potent sodium channel blockers for the treatment of ischemic stroke

A novel series of pyrrolidine derivatives as Na⁺ channel blockers was synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory effects on neuronal Na⁺ channels. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies of a pyrrolidine analogue 2 led to the discovery of 5e as a potent Na⁺ channel blocker with a low inhibitory action against human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) channels. Compound 5e showed remarkably neuroprotective activity in a rat transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model, suggesting that 5e would act as a neuroprotectant for ischemic stroke.     

Proteomic signatures of serum albumin-bound proteins from stroke patients with and without endovascular closure of PFO are significantly different and suggest a novel mechanism for cholesterol efflux

Background

The anatomy of PFO suggests that it can allow thrombi and potentially harmful circulatory factors to travel directly from the venous to the arterial circulation – altering circulatory phenotype. Our previous publication using high-resolution LC-MS/MS to profile protein and peptide expression patterns in plasma showed that albumin was relatively increased in donor samples from PFO-related than other types of ischemic strokes. Since albumin binds a host of molecules and acts as a carrier for lipoproteins, small molecules and drugs, we decided to investigate the albumin-bound proteins (in a similar sample cohort) in an effort to unravel biological changes and potentially discover biomarkers related to PFO-related stroke and PFO endovascular closure.

Methods

The method used in this study combined albumin immuno-enrichment with high resolution LC-MS in order to specifically capture and quantify the albumin-bound proteins. Subsequently, we measured cholesterol and HDL in a larger, separate cohort of PFO stroke patients, pre and post closure.

Results

The results demonstrated that a number of proteins were specifically associated with albumin in samples with and without endovascular closure of the PFO, and that the protein profiles were very different. Eight proteins, typically associated with HDL were common to both sample sets and quantitatively differently abundant. Pathway analysis of the MS results suggested that enhanced cholesterol efflux and reduced lipid oxidation were associated with PFO closure. Measurement of total cholesterol and HDL in a larger cohort of PFO closure samples using a colorimetric assay was consistent with the proteomic predictions.

Conclusions

The collective data presented in this study demonstrate that analysis of albumin-bound proteins could provide a valuable tool for biomarker discovery on the effects of PFO endovascular closure. In addition, the results suggest that PFO endovascular closure can potentially have effects on HDL, cholesterol and albumin-bound ApoA-I abundance, therefore possibly providing benefits in cardioprotective functions.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1559-0275-12-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Space proton flux and the temporal distribution of cardiovascular deaths

 The influence of solar activity (SA) and geomagnetic activity (GMA) on human homeostasis has long been investigated. The aim of the present study was to analyse the relationship between monthly proton flux (>90 MeV) and other SA and GMA parameters and between proton flux and temporal (monthly) distribution of total and cardiovascular-related deaths. The data from 180 months (1974–1989) of distribution in the Beilinson Campus of the Rabin Medical Centre, Israel, and of 108 months (1983–1991) from the Kaunas Medical Academy, were analysed and compared with SA, GMA and space proton flux (>90 MeV). It was concluded: (1) monthly levels of SA, GMA and radiowave propagation (Fof2) are significantly and adversely correlated with monthly space proton flux (>90 MeV); (2) medical-biological phenomena that increase during periods of low solar and/or geomagnetic activity may be stimulated by physical processes provoked by the concomitant increase in proton flux; (3) the monthly number of deaths related (positively or negatively) to SA are significantly and adversely related to the space proton flux (>90 MeV). Received: 14 January 1996 / Accepted: 14 October 1996     

板蓝根颗粒对甲型流感病毒小鼠的作用

目的测定板蓝根颗粒抗流感病毒的药效作用。方法 A/California/7/2009（CA7）病毒滴鼻感染BALB/c小鼠观察14d,观察板蓝根对甲型H1N1流感病毒感染小鼠的保护作用,计算小鼠存活率、存活天数以及延长生命率。感染的小鼠第5天每组小鼠处死一半,取肺组织,观察板蓝根对甲型H1N1流感病毒感染小鼠肺组织的保护作用。结果板蓝根可明显延长甲型H1N1流感病毒感染小鼠的存活天数并提高存活率,病理结果显示板蓝根对甲型H1N1流感病毒感染的小鼠的肺组织有一定程度的保护作用,与模型组比较差异显著（P〈0.05）。结论板蓝根颗粒对甲型H1N1流感病毒感染的小鼠有较好的保护作用。     

Delayed post-conditioning reduces post-ischemic glutamate level and improves protein synthesis in brain

In the clinic delayed post-conditioning would represent an attractive strategy for the survival of vulnerable neurons after an ischemic event. In this paper we studied the impact of ischemia and delayed post-conditioning on blood and brain tissue concentrations of glutamate and protein synthesis. We designed two groups of animals for analysis of brain tissues and blood after global ischemia and post-conditioning, and one for analysis of blood glutamate after transient focal ischemia.     

Reproductive biology and morphology of Apis mellifera jemenitica (Apidae) queens and drones

The current study aimed to investigate the important reproductive biology and morphology of A.m. jemenitica queens and drones through measuring the weight of virgin and mated queens, size and weight of spermathecae, weight of ovaries, number of ovarioles, quantity and viability of semen in queen and drones. Accordingly, the average weights of 0.139 ± 0.01 g and 0.143 ± 0.013 g recorded for virgin and mated queens respectively. The sizes of spermathecae were 1.248 ± 0.103 mm and 1.25 ± 0.022 mm for virgin and mated queens respectively. The mean weight of ovaries was 0.013 ± 0.003 g and the numbers of ovarioles varied from 124 to 163 with the mean of 142.9 ± 9.47 and with no significant difference between virgin and mated queens. The average number of stored sperm per spermathecae of mated queen was estimated to be 4.202 ± 0.613 million with the viability of 80.39%. The average number of sperm per drone recorded was 8,763,950 ± 1,633,203.15 with viability of 79.54 ± 6.70%. In general, the current study revealed that the values recorded for reproductive biology and morphological characters of A. m. jemenitica queens and drones were relatively lower than values recorded for other Apis mellifera races. This mainly could be associated with the body size of the race which is known to be the smallest race among A. mellifera races. Moreover, the harsh environmental conditions of the regions, high temperature, low humidity and limited resources may have contributed for the smaller biological and morphological values. The information will serve as a base in future selection and breeding of program of the race.