Synthesis of trans-L/D-2-(Tert-butoxycarbonyl- aminomethyl)-4-(thymin-1-yl) Pyrrolidin-1-yl Acetic Acid

Abstract

To delineate the binding preferences of stereochemically divergent pyrrolidine PNAs, synthesis of all four diastreomeric monomers of I and the systematic complexation studies of the resultant PNAs with complementary DNA/RNA is essential. We herein report the synthesis of trans-L/D-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylaminomethyl)-4-(thymin-1-yl) pyrrolidin-1-yl acetic acids I, their incorporation in PNA oligomers and DNA binding studies will be presented.     

Synthesis and derivatization of halflanthanidocene aryl(alk)oxide complexes

The reaction of halflanthanidocene aryloxides Cp^R′Ln(OAr^tBu,R)₂ (Ln = Y, La, Lu; Cp^R′ = C₅Me₅, C₄Me₄H; R = H, Me) and halflanthanidocene alkoxides [(C₅Me₅)Ln(OCH₂CMe₃)₂]₂ (Ln = Y, Lu) with trimethylaluminum (TMA) was investigated. Monomeric Cp^R′Ln(OAr^tBu,R)₂, derived from the ortho-tBu-substituted OC₆H₂tBu₂-2,6-R-4 (R = H, Me) ligands, form mono(tetramethylaluminate) complexes Cp^R′Ln(OAr^tBu,R)(AlMe₄) for the smaller lanthanide metal centers yttrium and lutetium. Such an [aryloxide] → [aluminate] ligand exchange was not observed at the larger lanthanum metal center. The mobility of the tetramethylaluminate ligands of complexes Cp^R′Ln(OAr^tBu,R)(AlMe₄) (Ln = Y, Lu) was examined by variable-temperature (VT) ¹H NMR spectroscopy, revealing two signals for bridging and terminal methyl groups at lower temperatures. The treatment of complexes Cp^R′Ln(OAr^tBu,R)(AlMe₄) with donor solvent d₈-THF gave Cp^R′Ln(OAr^tBu,R)(Me)(d₈-THF)₂ (Ln = Y, Lu) with terminal methyl groups, according to a donor-induced aluminate cleavage reaction. Dimeric [(C₅Me₅)Ln(OCH₂CMe₃)₂]₂ (Ln = Y, Lu) was synthesized from (C₅Me₅)Ln(NiPr₂)₂(THF) and reacted with two equivalents of TMA per Ln center to yield monomeric bis(TMA) adduct complexes (C₅Me₅)Ln(OCH₂CMe₃)₂(AlMe₃)₂(Ln = Y, Lu). VT NMR spectroscopic studies confirmed a high mobility of the Ln(μ-OCH₂CMe₃)(μ-Me)AlMe₂ moieties at an ambient temperature. Both bis(TMA) adduct complexes were characterized by X-ray structure analysis.     

Four-site four-electron model for Bi(III)-Bi(V) mixed valence complex

In most quantum models for the four-site four-electron problem the lowest singlet state has two short and two long bonds in the absence of lattice polarization and is called the resonating valence bond (VB) state. It is shown here that if the lattice polarization is large, the ground state is a ‘negative U’ state with valence disproportionation (for example BaBiO₃ with Bi(V) and Bi(III) sites). Furthermore the model shows that the coupling between the pairs on different sites is provided via the VB state.     

Long‐lived electrochemiluminescence of ruthenium (II) complexes/tri‐n‐propylamine in aqueous solutions

Although the clinical use of immunoassays based on the oxidative‐reduction electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of tris(2,2′‐bipyridine)ruthenium (II)/tri‐n‐propylamine has been a great success, elucidation of the ECL generation mechanism still remains unsatisfactory. We report here our experimental observations of long‐lived luminescence that remains detectable for several seconds after termination of electrochemical heterogeneous oxidation. Long‐lived luminescence was observed in both a surfactant‐free buffer and a surfactant‐containing broadly used commercial buffer under different conditions. The slow decay of emission seems to have been unnoticed in previous ECL mechanistic studies. Within the frame of the reaction schemes so far proposed, its origin is inconclusively ascribed to the reductive‐oxidation process of ruthenium (II) complex, that is Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ → Ru(bpy)₃¹⁺ → Ru(bpy)₃²⁺* → Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ with the involvement of the tri‐n‐propylamine‐derived radical cation. It is anticipated that long‐lived ECL will suggest a research approach to separate some homogeneous reactions from the complicated reaction system and therefore help to resolve the mechanistic mystery.     

Monoaryl derivatives as transthyretin fibril formation inhibitors: Design,synthesis, biological evaluation and structural analysis

Transthyretin (TTR) is a ß-sheet-rich homotetrameric protein that transports thyroxine (T4) and retinol both in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid. TTR also interacts with amyloid-β, playing a protective role in Alzheimer’s disease. Dissociation of the native transthyretin (TTR) tetramer is widely accepted as the critical step in TTR amyloids fibrillogenesis, and is responsible for extracellular deposition of amyloid fibrils. Small molecules, able to bind in T4 binding sites and stabilize the TTR tetramer, are interesting tools to treat and prevent systemic ATTR amyloidosis. We report here the synthesis, in vitro evaluation and three-dimensional crystallographic analyses of new monoaryl-derivatives in complex with TTR. Of the derivatives reported here, the best inhibitor of TTR fibrillogenesis, 1d, exhibits an activity similar to diflunisal.     

黄芩苷铝胁迫下产肠毒素大肠杆菌内参基因的筛选

【背景】产肠毒素大肠杆菌(Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli,ETEC)是导致仔猪腹泻的主要致病菌之一,黄芩苷铝对ETEC诱导的仔猪腹泻具有良好的治疗效果,但作用机制尚不明了。【目的】筛选出黄芩苷铝胁迫下ETEC中表达水平最为稳定的内参基因。【方法】采用qPCR技术测定了12个内参基因16S rRNA、mdh、recA、gapA、gyrA、gyrB、rpoA、rpoB、mdoG、dnaG、secA和fusA在不同浓度(250、500和1 000μg/mL)黄芩苷铝胁迫下培养不同时间后(4.5 h和6 h)的表达水平,并采用比较Ct值法、geNorm、BestKeeper和NormFinder软件4种方法对12个候选内参基因的表达稳定性进行评估。【结果】rpoA表达丰度适中,并在多个分析方法中表达最稳定。【结论】确定了rpoA为ETEC qPCR的最佳内参基因,此研究为后续利用qPCR法研究黄芩苷铝胁迫ETEC后目的基因功能的表达奠定了基础。     

Using Integrative Modeling Platform to compute,validate, and archive a model of a protein complex structure

Biology is advanced by producing structural models of biological systems, such as protein complexes. Some systems are recalcitrant to traditional structure determination methods. In such cases, it may still be possible to produce useful models by integrative structure determination that depends on simultaneous use of multiple types of data. An ensemble of models that are sufficiently consistent with the data is produced by a structural sampling method guided by a data‐dependent scoring function. The variation in the ensemble of models quantified the uncertainty of the structure, generally resulting from the uncertainty in the input information and actual structural heterogeneity in the samples used to produce the data. Here, we describe how to generate, assess, and interpret ensembles of integrative structural models using our open source Integrative Modeling Platform program ( https://integrativemodeling.org ).     

Predictive markers of safety and immunogenicity of adjuvanted vaccines

Vaccination represents one of the greatest public health triumphs; in part due to the effect of adjuvants that have been included in vaccine preparations to boost the immune responses through different mechanisms. Although a variety of novel adjuvants have been under development, only a limited number have been approved by regulatory authorities for human vaccines. This report reflects the conclusions of a group of scientists from academia, regulatory agencies and industry who attended a conference on the current state of the art in the adjuvant field. Held at the U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) in Rockville, Maryland, USA, from 18 to 19 April 2013 and organized by the International Association for Biologicals (IABS), the conference focused particularly on the future development of effective adjuvants and adjuvanted vaccines and on overcoming major hurdles, such as safety and immunogenicity assessment, as well as regulatory scrutiny. More information on the conference output can be found on the IABS website, http://www.iabs.org/.     

Antibacterial activity and spectral studies of trivalent chromium,manganese, iron macrocyclic complexes derived from oxalyldihydrazide and glyoxal

A new series of complexes is synthesized by template condensation of oxalyldihydrazide and glyoxal in methanolic medium in the presence of trivalent chromium, manganese and iron salts forming complexes of the type: [M(C₈H₈N₈O₄)X]X₂ where M = Cr(III), Mn(III), Fe(III) and X = Cl^{? 1}, , CH₃COO^{? 1}. The complexes have been characterized with the help of elemental analyses, conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility measurements, electronic, NMR, infrared and far infrared spectral studies. On the basis of these studies, a five coordinate square pyramidal geometry for these complexes has been proposed. The biological activities of the metal complexes were tested in vitro against a number of pathogenic bacteria and some of the complexes exhibited remarkable antibacterial activities.