超声检查在乳腺癌诊断中价值的探讨

目的:探讨二维及彩色多普勒超声在乳腺癌诊断方面的临床应用价值。方法:对60例经手术病理证实的乳腺肿块病例的二维及彩色多普勒超声检查与病理结果进行回顾性分析。结果:乳腺癌诊断中,大多数恶性肿块表现为形态不规则、边缘粗糙、边界不清、内部回声不均匀、后方回声衰减。恶性肿块的血流显示率明显高,血流分布以Ⅱ、Ⅲ级为主。结论:二维声像图及彩色多普勒在乳腺癌诊断方面有较高的临床应用价值。由于良恶性肿物的影像互有交叉,其诊断符合率并非是100%。须两者联合应用,综合分析,方可提高超声对乳腺良恶性肿块的诊断符合率。     

基于经会阴实时三维超声评估生物反馈电刺激联合盆底肌锻炼治疗产后盆底功能障碍的临床疗效

摘要 目的：探讨经会阴实时三维超声评估生物反馈电刺激联合盆底肌锻炼治疗产后盆底功能障碍的临床疗效。方法：选择2020年9月至2022年9月我院收治的96例产后盆底功能障碍患者,根据随机数字表法将患者分为两组,对照组（48例）采用盆底肌锻炼治疗,研究组（48例）采用生物反馈电刺激联合盆底肌锻炼治疗。治疗前后采用经会阴实时三维超声检查,对比两组治疗前后的盆底功能障碍调查表（PFDI-20）、盆底障碍影响简易问卷7（PFIQ-7）评分、静息和Valsalva动作状态下的肛提肌超声参数。分析肛提肌超声参数与PFDI-20、PFIQ-7评分的相关性。结果：两组治疗后PFDI-20、PFIQ-7评分,静息和Valsalva动作状态下肛提肌裂孔前后径、肛提肌裂孔左右径、肛提肌裂孔面积较治疗前降低（P＜0.05）,静息时肛提肌厚度较治疗前增加（P＜0.05）。研究组治疗后PFDI-20、PFIQ-7评分,静息和Valsalva动作状态下肛提肌裂孔前后径、肛提肌裂孔左右径、肛提肌裂孔面积低于对照组（P＜0.05）,静息时肛提肌厚度大于对照组（P＜0.05）。静息和Valsalva状态下肛提肌裂孔前后径、肛提肌裂孔左右径、肛提肌裂孔面积与PFDI-20、PFIQ-7评分呈正相关（P＜0.05）,静息状态肛提肌厚度与PFDI-20、PFIQ-7评分呈负相关（P＜0.05）。结论：经生物反馈电刺激联合盆底肌锻炼治疗后肛提肌裂孔大小较治疗前降低,肛提肌厚度较治疗前增加,且与PFDI-20、PFIQ-7评分改善有关,经会阴实时三维超声可客观、有效评价产后盆底功能障碍患者的治疗效果。     

颈性眩晕中医证型与经颅超声脑动脉血流检测结果的相关性分析

摘要 目的：分析颈性眩晕中医证型与经颅超声脑动脉血流检测结果的相关性。方法：选取2021年5月-2023年5月收治颈性眩晕患者作为研究对象,根据不同中医证型分为痰湿中阻组、肝阳上亢组、肝肾阴虚组和气血亏虚组,每组各纳入20例;并另选取健康体检患者30例作为对照组,均给予多普勒超声检查。分析不同中医证型者与对照组者多普勒超声检查特征与脑动脉血流变化[左右椎动脉、基底动脉及大脑中动脉收缩期峰值血流速度（VS）、平均血流速度(Vm)、舒张期峰值血流速度(Vd)及搏动指数(PI)]。结果：痰湿中阻组、肝肾阴虚组和气血亏虚组左右椎动脉、基底动脉及大脑中动脉VS均低于对照组（P＜0.05）;肝阳上亢组左右椎动脉、基底动脉及大脑中动脉VS均高于对照组（P＜0.05）;不同中医证型组间VS比较,肝阳上亢组＞痰湿中阻组＞肝肾阴虚组＞气血亏虚组;痰湿中阻组左右椎动脉、基底动脉均高于对照组（P＜0.05）,大脑中动脉Vm均低于对照组（P＜0.05）;肝阳上亢组左右椎动脉、基底动脉及大脑中动脉Vm均高于对照组（P＜0.05）;肝肾阴虚组左右椎动脉、基底动脉及大脑中动脉Vm均低于对照组（P＜0.05）;气血亏虚组大脑中动脉Vm均低于对照组（P＜0.05）,左右椎动脉、基底动脉Vm和对照组无显著性差异（P>0.05）;不同中医证型组间Vm比较,肝阳上亢组＞痰湿中阻组＞气血亏虚组＞肝肾阴虚组;痰湿中阻组左右椎动脉、基底动脉Vd均低于对照组（P＜0.05）,大脑中动脉Vd均高于对照组（P＜0.05）;肝阳上亢组左右椎动脉、基底动脉及大脑中动脉Vd均低于对照组（P＜0.05）;肝肾阴虚组左右椎动脉及大脑中动脉Vd均低于对照组（P＜0.05）,基底动脉Vd和对照组无差异（P＞0.05）;气血亏虚组左右椎动脉Vd均低于对照组（P＜0.05）,基底动脉Vd和对照组无差异（P＞0.05）,大脑中动脉Vd均高于对照组（P＜0.05）;不同中医证型组间Vd比较,气血亏虚组＞痰湿中阻组＞肝肾阴虚组＞肝阳上亢组;痰湿中阻组和气血亏虚组左右椎动脉、基底动脉及大脑中动脉PI均低于对照组（P＜0.05）;肝阳上亢组和肝肾阴虚组左右椎动脉、基底动脉及大脑中动脉PI均高于对照组（P＜0.05）;不同中医证型组间PI比较,肝阳上亢组＞肝肾阴虚组＞痰湿中阻组＞气血亏虚组。结论：不同中医证型的眩晕患者会出现不同程度脑动脉血流动力学异常,且不同组间存在差异,通过经颅多普勒超声检查,可以对眩晕中医证型提供参考价值。     

Proton transfer reactions in aqueous solutions of pyridoxamine phosphate

UV-visible and ¹³C NMR measurements described in the literature and our ³¹P NMR measurements support the following mechanism of proton transfer reactions in aqueous solutions of pyridoxamine phosphate: Only the tautomeric equilibrium between neutral form, A _N, and zwitterion, A _Z, which is analogous to the tautomeric equilibrium of 3-hydroxypyridine in aqueous solution, is important, and that equilibrium does not change upon the dissociation of the second phosphate proton. With these simplifying assumption, we have simulated the relaxation spectrum of the proton transfer reactions of pyridoxamine phosphate in water using parameters from analogous reactions and compared it with our ultrasound and temperature jump measurements. We have found that the relaxation process measured by the temperature jump experiment is mainly caused by the overall reaction A _N=A _Z (or A _N ^- =A _Z ^- ) and the ultrasound absorption at the isoelectric point between pK₂ and pK₃ is mainly caused by the overall reaction .     

超声破裂载基因微泡增强心肌细胞报告基因的转染与表达

目的:通过超声破裂载基因微泡介导报告基因心肌细胞转染,探讨其能否增强心肌细胞外源基因转染与表达.方法:以β-galactosidase质粒为报告基因,将其与自制氟碳气体微泡粘附,制备载基因微泡.利用诊断性超声破裂微泡进行体外心肌细胞基因转染;以磷酸钙共沉淀转染为阳性对照并将其以不同方式与超声破裂微泡技术联合应用,以期进一步增强基因转染效果.分别采用原位染色及酶学定量检测β-galactosidase表达水平,同时进行细胞活性检测.结果:超声破裂载基因氟碳气体微泡(PESDA)转染组心肌细胞β-galactosidase表达水平可达单纯质粒转染组60倍(P＜0.01).磷酸钙共沉淀转染3.67倍(P＜0.01)超声强度、微泡浓度对超声破裂介导基因转染效果有明显影响.超声破裂微泡技术与磷酸钙共沉淀联合应用可进一步提高报告基因的表达(P＜0.05),即使在磷酸钙转染后6 h,超声破裂微泡仍能明显增强报告的基因的表达(P＜0 05).结论:超声破裂微泡技术是一种高效基因转染方法,其不但能增加DNA转染,而且增强入胞后基因的表达.超声破裂微泡与其它基因转染技术联合应用能进一步增加基因转染效率.     

超声彩色血流成像的计算机快速仿真方法

研究超声彩色血流成像的快速仿真方法,克服原先仿真方法非常耗时的缺点。方法超声彩色血流成像计算机仿真中,血流信号是对成像区间内所有点散射体的回波信号累加而得到的。通过引入新的等效散射体模型,可以大大降低散射体的密度,从而减少计算回波信号所需时间。在计算机上用Matlab编程来进行仿真实验,对以往仿真方法和基于等效散射体模型方法的性能进行比较。结果实验表明:基于等效散射体模型的仿真,在保证相同流速精度的前提下,仿真速度比传统方法提高了10倍以上。结论基于等效散射体模型的仿真方法能极大地提高超声彩色血流成像的仿真速度,可以为超声彩色血流成像的方法研究提供便利。     

Optimization of ultrasound contrast agents with computational models to improve selection of ligands and binding strength

Diagnosis of cardiovascular disease is currently limited by the testing modality. Serum tests for biomarkers can provide quantification of severity but lack the ability to localize the source of the cardiovascular disease, while imaging technology such as angiography and ultrasound can only determine areas of reduced flow but not the severity of tissue ischemia. Targeted imaging with ultrasound contrast agents offers the ability to locally image as well as determine the degree of ischemia by utilizing agents that will cause the contrast agent to home to the affected tissue. Ultrasound molecular imaging via targeted microbubbles (MB) is currently limited by its sensitivity to molecular markers of disease relative to other techniques (e.g., radiolabeling). We hypothesize that computational modeling may provide a useful first approach to maximize microbubble binding by defining key parameters governing adhesion. Adhesive dynamics (AD) was used to simulate the fluid dynamic and stochastic molecular binding of microbubbles to inflamed endothelial cells. Sialyl Lewis^X (sLe^x), P‐selectin aptamer (PSA), and ICAM‐1 antibody (abICAM) were modeled as the targeting receptors on the microbubble surface in both single‐ and dual‐targeted arrangements. Microbubble properties (radius [R_c], kinetics [k_f, k_r], and densities of targeting receptors) and the physical environment (shear rate and target ligand densities) were modeled. The kinetics for sLe^x and PSA were measured with surface plasmon resonance. R_c, shear rate, and densities of sLe^x, PSA, or abICAM were varied independently to assess model sensitivity. Firm adhesion was defined as MB velocity <2% of the free stream velocity. AD simulations revealed an optimal microbubble radius of 1–2 µm and thresholds for (>10² s^?1) and (<10^?3 s^?1) for firm adhesion in a multi‐targeted system. State diagrams for multi‐targeted microbubbles suggest sLe^x and abICAM microbubbles may require 10‐fold more ligand to achieve firm adhesion at higher shear rates than sLe^x and PSA microbubbles. The AD model gives useful insight into the key parameters for stable microbubble binding, and may allow flexible, prospective design, and optimization of microbubbles to enhance clinical translation of ultrasound molecular imaging. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 854–864. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

An Orthotopic Bladder Tumor Model and the Evaluation of Intravesical saRNA Treatment

We present a novel method for treating bladder cancer with intravesically delivered small activating RNA (saRNA) in an orthotopic xenograft mouse bladder tumor model. The mouse model is established by urethral catheterization under inhaled general anesthetic. Chemical burn is then introduced to the bladder mucosa using intravesical silver nitrate solution to disrupt the bladder glycosaminoglycan layer and allows cells to attach. Following several washes with sterile water, human bladder cancer KU-7-luc2-GFP cells are instilled through the catheter into the bladder to dwell for 2 hours. Subsequent growth of bladder tumors is confirmed and monitored by in vivo bladder ultrasound and bioluminescent imaging. The tumors are then treated intravesically with saRNA formulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Tumor growth is monitored with ultrasound and bioluminescence. All steps of this procedure are demonstrated in the accompanying video.