Internet上的分子生物学免费软件资源

Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ的迅猛发展使得大量的分子生物学数据库和软件与之连接［１］,为分子生物学的研究带来了极大的便利,为生命科学的研究带来了机遇和挑战。生命科学网络资源的利用应当成为我国生命科学工作者的必备素质之一。本文简单介绍常用的基于Ｍａｃｉｎ－ｔｏｓｈ...     

公共卫生大数据研究进展——生物信息的新领域

大数据时代的公共卫生面临新的机遇和挑战。为了推动公共卫生大数据的应用,准确把握其内涵,开发针对性的解决方案,达到改善人们健康状况的目的,基于此对公共卫生大数据的现状进行了分析和论证。研究表明:通过对多个不同来源公共卫生数据进行收集和整理,能够形成公共卫生大数据,通过深入挖掘和分析,能够获取重大疾病影响因素、流行病的传播规律等信息,帮助医疗卫生人员和相关机构进行预测和评估,以便采取有效的管理手段和措施,保护人民健康,减少医疗花费。发现通过同生物信息技术相结合,公共卫生数据的获取、管理、分析、安全和应用方面都会有很大的发展空间。认为计算机技术的进一步应用,针对性的大数据挖掘方法开发,以及新型公共卫生人才培养,是发展这一领域的关键因素。     

The Path to Enlightenment： Making Sense of Genomic and Proteomic Information

Whereas genomics describes the study of genome, mainly represented by its gene expression on the DNA or RNA level, the term proteomics denotes the study of the proteome, which is the protein complement encoded by the genome. In recent years, the number of proteomic experiments increased tremendously. While all fields of proteomics have made major technological advances, the biggest step was seen in bioinformatics. Biological information management relies on sequence and structure databases and powerful software tools to translate experimental results into meaningful biological hypotheses and answers. In this resource article, I provide a collection of databases and software available on the Internet that are useful to interpret genomic and proteomic data. The article is a toolbox for researchers who have genomic or proteomic datasets and need to put their findings into a biological context.     

Taxonomic and Distributional Databases of Fishes in Taiwan

The fishes of Taiwan comprise total 2450 species in 250 families, about 1/10 of the world's fishes. Curatorial and distributional data of Taiwanese fish have been integrated into a database that can be accessed interactively on the Internet at http://fishdb.sinica.edu.tw. The database includes the following items: basic information and specimen photo of each species, distributional database, bibliographic database, curatorial database, inquiring system for Chinese fish names of the world fishes, and new version of erratum of Fishes of Taiwan. The above regional database of Taiwanese fishes provides hyperlinks to fish data for each species in the global fish data, FishBase, of ICLARM (http://www.fishbase.org). Through the collaboration with FishBase and other global networks for taxonomic purposes, like Species 2000, BioNet, or GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facilities), users in the world can also obtain updated data provided by Taiwan. We hope our experience with database establishment can be used as a model to help other countries to develop their own regional fish databases or even to build up databases of other groups of organisms. There should be one good approach for all people in the world for sharing complete and updated biodiversity information via the Internet.     

Pupils' perceptions of three-dimensional structures in biology lessons

An investigation into 11–15 year old pupils' ability to tackle tasks concerned with the understanding of threedimensional structures studied in school biology lessons is outlined. The investigation takes the form ofapaperand- pencil test, and the test items call for the interpretation of sectional views of three-dimensional structures (represented by diagrams and stereograms) studied in conventional biology syllabuses for 11–15 year olds. Test scores were subject to cluster analysis and the emergent groups are described.

The analysis pointed to the existence of two discrete skills used by pupils interpreting three-dimensional structures. These are the skill of abstracting sectional shapes and that of appreciating the spatial relationships of the internal parts of a structure-. Extracts from tape recordings of pupils ‘talking their way through’ selected tasks corroborate the two-skill theory.     

Osmosis; ATP; Process-based approach

The teaching of r and K population strategies involves integrating biological, graphical, and mathematical concepts so that a complex ‘concept image’ is formed. This investigation identified the main problems encountered by students in studying this topic as being interpreting graphs, making links with biological processes, and drawing general conclusions from data. The use of a formal lecture and three approaches to using a spreadsheet are evaluated, and suggestions are made for effective teaching of these concepts.     

Marriage and family formation among the white and ethnic minority populations in Britain

Recent UK Labour Force Survey data are used to investigate marriage and family formation among the white and ethnic minority populations in Britain. The different age‐sex structures of the white and ethnic minority groups are analysed and the increasing number of UK‐born or ‘second‐generation’ persons identified. Large differentials are seen between ethnic minority groups in the propensity to cohabit, marry and experience marital disruption. Average spousal age differences and the propensity to form interethnic unions are also distinctive. Resulting patterns of family and household composition are described. In particular, the data suggest important divergences between individuals of Indian and those of Pakistani and Bangladeshi ethnic origin, such that we cannot talk about the demography of the South Asian population as a whole. Comparisons of marriage patterns among ‘first‐’ and ‘second‐generation’ individuals within each ethnic group suggest some assimilation in marriage patterns among the Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi populations towards those of the white population.     

层次化教学在“微生物学”课程中的应用

“微生物学”是高等农业院校的专业基础课。当前,农业院校专业类群复杂,学生个体差异很大,社会竞争力较弱。针对上述问题,基于专业特色和培养目标的差异,在教学大纲、教学内容、教学目标和考核方式等方面采取层次化设计,因材施教,充分发挥学生的能动性,提升教学效果,提高人才培养质量。     

立足质量工程为核心的微生物学多元教学策略探讨

以培养适用性强、综合素质高的人才为目标,基于多元智能理论,结合“微生物学”的学科特点,将课程的理论教学及实验教学进行整合、优化,探索构建了“多模块、多层次”的教学体系,实施“目标责任制”、“专题模块制”、“分级阶梯制”等一系列特色教学策略。教学改革实践初步获得良好的效果,切实提高了教学质量,有效促进了学生个人能力的发展及提高,该教学改革具有一定的参考意义。     

知识关联教学策略在微生物学教学中的应用

在上海交通大学专业基础课程“微生物学”的教学实践中,探索了知识关联教学策略的应用与实践。力求通过知识关联教学策略与方法,帮助教师在课前消除教学“盲点”,引导学生形成自己的知识关联与知识构架,进而提高学生解决复杂问题的综合能力与素质,在创新人才培养中发挥作用。