叠加极低频噪声磁场诘抗连续微波对水迷宫大鼠认知行为负作用的实验观察

暴露于2450MHz连续(CW)微波 (功率密度 :2mW/cm2,SAR :1.2W/kg)的大鼠在水迷宫训练期特别是检测期显示了认知功能的下降 ,表明了空间“工作记忆”的消弱。但是 ,同时施加一个极低频 (ELF)噪声磁场 (rms:10μT) ,上述负效应完全消失。这一动物行为学结果暗示 ,时间不相干而空间相干的低强度ELF噪声磁场能长程抗拮大鼠对连续微波的负作用。     

兴安落叶松叶碳利用效率对环境变化的适应

兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)作为北方森林的主要组成树种,具有广阔的分布范围和多样的生长环境,是研究树木对环境变化响应的理想树种。叶碳利用效率(CUE_L)不仅与树木的碳代谢及生长发育密切相关,而且能反映树木对环境变化的响应与适应。将来自不同地区(即环境条件)的6个兴安落叶松种源的种子播种培育在帽儿山森林生态系统研究站内,在其生长30a后采用研究站和种子来源地间干燥度(AI)的差值(ΔAI)来代表环境变化梯度,研究环境变化对CUE_L的影响。结果表明:CUE_L在不同环境变化梯度间存在显著差异(P0.05),且呈现随ΔAI的增大而减小的趋势。CUE_L与叶片氮含量、叶片磷含量、比叶重及叶绿素含量等均呈线性正相关关系,但较大ΔAI梯度下的CUE_L敏感性更高。CUE_L与种子来源地平均年降水量呈显著线性正相关关系(P=0.05),而与种子来源地AI则呈显著线性负相关关系(P0.01);随种子来源地年平均气温、平均年蒸发量的增加而下降,但其相关性不显著。以上结果表明,环境变化使兴安落叶松CUE_L产生了适应性变异,表现出树木对原生长环境的生态适应。     

水生态空间红线概念、划定方法及实证研究

我国面临着多方面、复杂的水生态问题:洪涝、干旱、水质污染、水生生境丧失以及人水关系日益疏远等等。解决这些问题,不能依赖单一目标的灰色工程方法,而必须从维护和保育水生态系统的完整性出发,来系统地解决问题。为此,如何定义一个相对完整的水生态系统的边界、划定维护其安全和健康的底线,即水生态空间红线,是用生态方法综合解决水问题的基础性的工作。研究提出了以保护水生态系统的综合生态服务为核心的水生态空间红线概念;提出了以水生态安全格局构建为基础的水生态空间红线划定方法和"水生态问题分析-水生态过程模拟和评价-水生态安全等级划分-水生态安全格局判定-水生态空间红线的划定"技术流程,分别划定水资源供给保护、水文调节保护、水生命支持和水文化保护四种类型的水生态保护空间红线,在此基础上,整合为综合的水生态空间红线,它呈现为对水生态过程具有关键意义的点、线、面和空间联系所构成的空间格局,并以雁栖湖流域为例进行了实证研究。     

旅游生态学研究进展

作为生态学和旅游学相交叉的一门新兴分支学科,旅游生态学关注旅游发展中的生态环境问题,以生态学原理指导旅游生态系统管理,是促进旅游业可持续发展的重要理论支撑。论文采用引文可视化分析软件CiteSpace5.3和文献阅读相结合的方法分析旅游生态学研究的国际进展。分析发现,文献数量在进入21世纪后快速增长,文献来源地集中在北美和欧洲国家,研究方法呈现多学科综合性和最新科学技术成果应用及时等特点,研究内容主要集中在旅游活动的生态环境影响、旅游生态系统管理和旅游可持续发展的测度及实现途径3个方面。基于国际进展的分析,论文最后提出我国旅游生态学研究应在学科的基础理论、旅游影响的系统性和持续性、旅游生态修复、旅游开发活动的生态环境影响、生态环境变化对旅游业发展的影响和本土性旅游生态系统管理方法等方面加强。     

基于四象限模型的生态系统服务与人类活动强度关联性分析--以皖南国际旅游文化示范区为例

运用空间热点分析定量分析了生态系统服务在不同尺度上的空间分异特征,基于四象限模型对生态质量进行评价,并采用地理探测器探讨影响其空间分异的主要驱动因素。结果表明:(1)生态系统服务价值(Ecosystem Service Value,ESV)存在显著的空间异质性,分布格局呈现空间自相关性,冷热点分布具有明显尺度效应。(2)示范区人类活动强度与ESV耦合程度基本协调一致,生态质量总体状况较好。人类活动强度与ESV耦合程度因研究尺度不同而存在一定差异。(3)各探测因子的解释力在县域和乡镇尺度上存在显著差异,社会经济驱动因素在县域尺度上解释力大于乡镇尺度。各驱动因子之间存在明显的协同增强效应,双因子交互作用增强了对ESV空间分异的解释力。     

生态学的时空特性(英文)

 众所周知,几乎所有的生态学特征和现象都受限于一定的时间和空间。因此,相应的科学假设和相关的生态学结论也只能基于这些特定的时空尺度范围。我们利用颇为熟知的事例,引用生态学文献中的具体实例,提纲挈领地论述了时空在生态学研究中的重要性。这些实例包括我们在长白山对云、冷杉(Picea jezoensis, Abies nephrolepis)林林冠结构的模拟、在北美应用遥感和气象方法对碳通量的估算,以及测定湿地生态系统对加温的反应等。文中所涉及的所有生态学现象,对时间和空间都有强烈的依赖性。因而, 从生态学问题的提出,到科学假设的演绎,以至试验设计和综合数据分析,都必须以时、空为前提,才不至于导致荒谬结论。     

Is CD36 gene polymorphism in region encoding lipid-binding domain associated with early onset CAD?

CD36 is a fatty acid translocase in striated muscle cells and cardiomyocytes. Some study suggested that alterations in CD36 gene may be associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. The aim of the current study was to compare the frequency of CD36 variants in region encoding lipid-binding domain in Caucasian patients with early-onset CAD, no-CAD adult controls and neonates. The study group comprised 100 patients with early onset CAD. The genetic control groups were 306 infants and 40 no-CAD adults aged over 70 years. Exons 4, 5 and 6 including fragments of flanking introns were studied using the denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography technique and direct sequencing. Changes detected in analyzed fragment of CD36: IVS3-6 T/C (rs3173798), IVS4-10 G/A (rs3211892), C311T (Thr104Ile, not described so far) in exon 5, G550A (Asp184Asn, rs138897347), C572T (Pro191Leu, rs143150225), G573A (Pro191Pro, rs5956) and A591T (Thr197Thr, rs141680676) in exon 6. No significant differences in the CD36 genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies were found between the three groups. Only borderline differences (p = 0.066) were found between early onset CAD patients and newborns in the frequencies of 591T allele (2.00% vs 0.50%) and CGCGCGT haplotype (2.00% vs 0.50%) with both IVS3-6C and 591T variant alleles. In conclusion, CD36 variants: rs3173798, rs3211892, rs138897347, rs5956, rs143150225 rs141680676 and C311T do not seem to be involved in the risk of early-onset CAD in Caucasian population.     

Structure of antimicrobial peptides and lipid membranes probed by interface-sensitive X-ray scattering

The conformation and correlations of amphiphilic and antimicrobial peptides and the associated changes of lipid bilayers can be studied in oriented lipid membranes deposited on solid substrates. Here we review recent work on these systems, as studied by modern interface-sensitive X-ray and neutron scattering methods. Density profile, short range order of acyl chains and molecular conformations of peptides and lipids are probed in the fluid state of the bilayer. With an emphasis on technical aspects, we review recent work illustrating the potential of the methods and discuss its potential in the field.     

放线菌结瘤植物根与根瘤中有机氮化物的组分及其上运形式

杨梅、沙棘和赤杨三种放线菌结瘤植物根瘤、根部有机氮化物的组分中,都含有占总有机氮化物50％以上的尿囊酸,说明在它们的根瘤中合成了大量的酰脲;同时,三种植物结瘤植株的茎木质部提取物中也含有大量的尿囊酸,表明根瘤将其合成的酰脲向植物地上部位运送。三种植物的根瘤还将其合成的特定的氨基酸及酰胺向地上部位转运,其中杨梅根瘤将固定的氮素以Asn和Gln的形式输出,而根部则以Arg的形式向上转运;沙棘根瘤以Ash,Gln及Ser,赤杨根瘤以Cit的形式合成并转运固定的氮素;后两种植物的无根瘤植株,以NH_4~+为氮源时,在转运的氨基酸组分中Arg的比例明显提高。     

Host plant scents attract rolled-leaf beetles to Neotropical gingers in a Central American tropical rain forest

Leaf volatile chemicals are known to reduce herbivory rates by repelling or intoxicating insect herbivores and by attracting the predators and parasitoids of herbivores. However, leaf volatiles may also be used by insect herbivores as cues to locate their host plants. Leaf volatiles are suggested to be important host search cues for herbivores in structurally complex and diverse habitats, such as tropical rain forests. A group of insect herbivores, the rolled-leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Hispinae), have maintained a highly specialized interaction with Neotropical gingers (Zingiberales) for ca. 60 million years. In this study, we explored chemical attraction to host plants under controlled laboratory conditions, using four sympatric rolled-leaf beetle species, Cephaloleia dorsalis Baly, Cephaloleia erichsonii Baly, Cephaloleia fenestrata Weise, and Cephaloleia placida Baly. For each beetle species, we investigated (i) whether it was repelled or attracted by leaf scents produced by four host and four non-host plant species, including Neotropical gingers in the families Marantaceae, Costaceae, and Zingiberaceae; and (ii) its ability to use scents to detect its host plant. We found that rolled-leaf beetles can detect and are attracted by leaf volatiles from both host and non-host gingers. Additionally, when beetles were simultaneously exposed to leaf volatiles from host and non-host plants, three rolled-leaf beetle species were significantly more attracted by volatiles from their host plants than from non-hosts. Only one of the beetle species was not able to discriminate between host and non-host scents.