2-D DIGE analysis of UV-C radiation-responsive proteins in globe artichoke leaves

Plants respond to ultraviolet stress inducing a self-defence through the regulation of specific gene family members. The UV acclimation is the result of biochemical and physiological processes, such as enhancement of the antioxidant enzymatic system and accumulation of UV-absorbing phenolic compounds (e.g. flavonoids). Globe artichoke is an attractive species for studying the protein network involved in UV stress response, being characterized by remarkable levels of inducible antioxidants. Proteomic tools can assist the evaluation of the expression patterns of UV-responsive proteins and we applied the difference in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE) technology for monitoring the globe artichoke proteome variation at four time points following an acute UV-C exposure. A total of 145 UV-C-modulated proteins were observed and 119 were identified by LC-MS/MS using a ～144,000 customized Compositae protein database, which included about 19,000 globe artichoke unigenes. Proteins were Gene Ontology (GO) categorized, visualized on their pathways and their behaviour was discussed. A predicted protein interaction network was produced and highly connected hub-like proteins were highlighted. Most of the proteins differentially modulated were chloroplast located, involved in photosynthesis, sugar metabolisms, protein folding and abiotic stress. The identification of UV-C-responsive proteins may contribute to shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to UV stress.     

基于BP神经网络模型的全球森林土壤异养硝化过程N2O排放通量估算

N₂O作为重要的温室气体之一,对地球和人类都有很大的影响。为了深入探究对有机氮异养硝化作用及其产生N₂O过程的影响机制,完善全球N₂O通量估算模型,本研究采用Pearson相关性分析与广义可加模型(GAM)对全球135个样点有机氮异养硝化速率及其产生N₂O速率的影响因子进行分析,然后将主要影响因子作为BP神经网络的输入层来模拟全球森林土壤有机氮异养硝化速率及其产生N₂O速率的空间分布。结果显示,土壤pH和土壤C/N是影响有机氮异养硝化速率的主要因素,土壤C/N、土壤孔隙含水量(WFPS)以及土壤温度是影响有机氮异养硝化产生N₂O速率的主要因素。全球森林土壤异养硝化速率平均为0.4241(0.0014～0.689)μg N·g^-1·d^-1,异养硝化产生N₂O速率平均为0.2936(0.21～1.103)μg N₂O·kg^-1·d^-1     

硼、镉元素及其交互作用与油菜产量和品质

硼和镉两种元素是影响油菜产量和品质的两个重要因素.硼是植物生长所必需的微量元素,施硼是油菜种植的必需环节;镉是植物生长的非必要元素,易在油菜体内富集,可能通过食物链危害人体健康.本文主要从镉含量与油菜食品安全品质角度考虑,阐述了油菜对镉的积累和耐受机制;同时,概括了前人总结的硼对油菜的产量和品质的影响.最后,结合本人研究区广西地区土壤有效硼含量低,全镉含量高的现状,提出运用硼镉交互作用机理,通过施加适量硼肥,提高油菜的产量和品质,消除土壤镉的潜在危害,从本质上改善该地区土壤存在的低硼高镉现状.     

Alterations in cell membrane properties caused by perfluorinated compounds

The recent detection of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in wildlife from even remote locations has spurred interest in the environmental occurrence and effects of these chemicals. While the global distribution of PFCs is increasingly understood, there is still little information available on their effects on wildlife. The amphiphillic nature of PFCs suggests that their effects could be primarily on cell membranes. In this study we measured the effects of PFCs on membrane fluidity and mitochondrial membrane potential using flow cytometry and effects on membrane permeability using cell bioassay procedures (H4IIE, MCF-7, PLHC-1). Of the PFCs tested, only perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) increased the permeability of cell membranes to the hydrophobic ligands used. Three PFCs were tested in the membrane fluidity assay: PFOS, perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHS), and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS). PFOS increased membrane fluidity in fish leukocytes in a dose-dependent fashion, while PFHS and PFBS had no effect in the concentration range tested. The lowest effective concentrations for the membrane fluidity effects of PFOS were 5-15 mg/l. Effects on mitochondrial membrane potential occurred in the same concentration range as effects on membrane fluidity. This suggests that PFOS effects membrane properties at concentrations below those associated with other adverse effects.     

基于Petri网T不变量的PHB新陈代谢建模分析(英文)

从拓扑结构的角度分析生化反应网络是生物信息学研究中的一个热点问题。通过将两种传统的途径分析方法(基元模式和极端途径)与Petri网的T不变量分析进行了比较,结果表明:它们本质上是一致的,但是采用Petri网的T不变量分析更便捷。然后,利用Petri网技术构建了PHB代谢模型。对该模型作了结构分析,将计算得到的23个T不变量进行了分组:I组表示简单的可逆反应,II组表示循环的反应,III组可用于调控ATP/ADP比率,IV组是与PHB生产直接相关的反应,可用于代谢工程以提高PHB的产率。最后讨论了Petri网的T不变量分析在这个领域中的应用。     

河网地区小城镇街尘的粒径分布与多环芳烃污染

街尘是重要的环境介质,其携带的污染物在城镇化过程中对河网地区的水环境构成了一定的威胁。以杭嘉湖平原河网地区饮用水水源河流上游典型小城镇的街尘为研究对象,对街尘、河道沉积物、地表径流以及降雨前后地表水中的多环芳烃进行测定。在对不同粒径街尘中多环芳烃浓度的测定中发现,粒径为<63、125-63、250-125和900-250 μm街尘中多环芳烃的平均含量分别为7261、5835、4660和2909μg/kg。小粒径的街尘颗粒含有较高的多环芳烃浓度,较小的密度,并且较难清扫,造成了小粒径街尘易被雨水冲刷随地表径流进入河网水体。在对两场降雨的地表径流中多环芳烃检测发现,颗粒态的多环芳烃分别占总浓度的95%和94%。地表径流过程增加了受纳水体中多环芳烃浓度的43%-62%,其中超过50%的增加表现为颗粒态。在对不同河段沉积物、地表径流中颗粒物和不同粒径街尘中多环芳烃浓度的风险评价中发现,小粒径街尘和地表径流中颗粒物中多环芳烃的浓度相接近并具有较高的生态风险,城镇段河道沉积物较次之。由于河网地区的特殊的水文条件和景观空间格局特征,地表径流沉积物在进入河网水体后易原位沉积,造成了河道沉积物城镇段有较高的多环芳烃浓度。     

CO2和O3浓度倍增及其交互作用对大豆叶绿体超微结构的影响

应用透射电镜观察了模拟大气CO2和O3浓度倍增及其交互作用(开顶箱法)对大豆叶肉细胞叶绿体超微结构的影响。结果表明,CO2浓度倍增促进了大豆叶绿体的发育,内含淀粉粒积累明显增多、体积增大;叶绿体被膜保持完好;叶绿体基粒片层排列整齐,而O3浓度倍增抑制了叶绿体内淀粉粒的累积,并导致叶绿体被膜破碎,片层解体,严重地破坏了叶绿体的结构和功能CO2和O3浓度倍增的交互作用对叶绿体超微结构有不同程度的破坏,但二者浓度呈梯度增加对叶绿体的损害作用要大于二者浓度持续倍增对叶绿体的影响,进一步表明CO2正效应对O3负效应的补偿作用。     

使用线性微分方程构建初步的乳腺癌转移相关基因网络模型

随着基因芯片的技术的推广,越来越多的表达数据需要被处理和分析．利用这些表达数据提取基因调控矩阵从而构建基因网络是一个重要的问题．通过线性微分方程模型可以初步构建基因网络,了解网络结构,提取最显著的信息．然而由于分子生物学的条件限制或者数据来源的限制,导致实验数据不充分,使方程组无解．本文使用三次样条方法,对26例临床、病理资料完备的具有淋巴结转移的乳腺癌基因表达数据进行插值处理,使表达数据满秩,从而使用最小二乘法解出加权矩阵,构建初步的表达基因调控网络．通过对构建的基因网络的初步分析表明:乳腺癌转移的形成是由多基因异常引起多条传导通路异常,致使细胞恶性转化的结果,这与生物学上公认的看法是相一致的．因此,利用此线性模型方法对基因表达谱进行分析兵有一定可行性,在认识乳腺癌转移机制,乳腺癌诊断和治疗方面具有一定的理论和应用价值．     

A neural network model of attention-modulated neurodynamics

Visual attention appears to modulate cortical neurodynamics and synchronization through various cholinergic mechanisms. In order to study these mechanisms, we have developed a neural network model of visual cortex area V4, based on psychophysical, anatomical and physiological data. With this model, we want to link selective visual information processing to neural circuits within V4, bottom-up sensory input pathways, top-down attention input pathways, and to cholinergic modulation from the prefrontal lobe. We investigate cellular and network mechanisms underlying some recent analytical results from visual attention experimental data. Our model can reproduce the experimental findings that attention to a stimulus causes increased gamma-frequency synchronization in the superficial layers. Computer simulations and STA power analysis also demonstrate different effects of the different cholinergic attention modulation action mechanisms.     

协同分布式实验2.0 (CDE 2.0):生态学野外研究新方法

全球野外实验网络是近年来兴起的生态学实验方法,产生了“协同分布式实验”(CDE)、“分布式协作实验”(DCE)的野外实验网络和英国生物学记录中心(BRC)的野外观察网络等具体方法,但均存在尺度小、周期短或数据偏差问题.野外实验网络的协议设计应秉持实验优于观察测量、数据数量优于数据质量和尺度优于操作的原则.综合上述方法,本研究提出利用公众科学(citizen science)获得大范围、多尺度和长周期的数据,采用环境因子作为协变量对公众参与者的实验数据集进行验证后,将其作为后验概率与作为主观概率的生态学家实验数据集进行比对,以完成数据有效性验证,克服公众参与者数据质量瑕疵,并提出了相应的统计学模型.讨论了生态学实验数据中应用先验概率、先验与后验概率的逻辑关系以及后验概率发现演化过程新关系的可能性.这种方法更符合统计学采样规范,并增加了大尺度时空的样本量.该方法有望为生态学研究所寻找的一般性理论提供方法支持,新方法可称之为“协同分布式实验2.0”(CDE 2.0).