林隙干扰和升温对小兴安岭红松和臭冷杉径向生长的影响

通过建立小兴安岭阔叶红松(Pinus koraiensis)林内林隙与非林隙红松、臭冷杉(Abies nephrolepis)轮宽年表,分析林隙干扰(微环境差异)和1980年后显著升温对树木径向生长的影响。结果表明:升温减缓了非林隙红松生长,却加快了林隙红松生长;升温后,非林隙红松受温度影响减弱,而林隙红松则增强,林隙和非林隙红松径向生长与帕默尔干旱指数(Palmer drought severity index,PDSI)均由负相关变为正相关;林隙干扰导致臭冷杉径向生长减缓,升温导致林隙与非林隙臭冷杉年生长量均下降了约50%,非林隙木对温度的负响应要高于林隙木;升温后,5—10月温度对非林隙木抑制作用明显,非生长季(1—5月)降水对非林隙臭冷杉的抑制作用加强,而对林隙臭冷杉则由抑制变为促进;PDSI与非林隙臭冷杉由升温前的负相关变为升温后的正相关,而林隙臭冷杉则负相关更显著;林隙干扰减少耐荫喜湿树木径向生长,而对阳性树种影响不大或略有增加;林隙木比非林隙木更易受外界环境变化的影响,林隙干扰可使喜湿耐荫树种提前适应暖干环境,以提高了对升温适应性;升温导致林隙木与非林隙木年轮气候响应差异变大。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子促进神经损伤修复的研究进展

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor,b FGF)是成纤维细胞生长因子家族(FGFs)的成员之一。它是哺乳动物和人体中一种非常微量的活性物质,因其具有广泛的生理功能和重要的临床应用价值受到了国内外学者的高度重视。b FGF生物活性的多效性以及神经营养的广谱性,为其从基础走向临床提供了保证。而b FGF如何发挥神经损伤修复作用的功能和机制,仍有待进一步的发现及研究,这也是目前国内外探索和开发b FGF新临床药物的研究热点之一。针对b FGF的生物学特点及其在神经损伤修复中的功能,特别是在中枢神经系统和外周神经系统疾病中的研究进展进行了综述。     

CD271 as a marker to identify mesenchymal stem cells from diverse sources before culture

Mesenchymal stem cells, due to their characteristics are ideal candidates for cellular therapy. Currently, in culture these cells are defined by their adherence to plastic, specific surface antigen expression and multipotent differentiation potential. However, the in vivo identification of mesenchymal stem cells, before culture, is not so well established. Pre-culture identification markers would ensure higher purity than that obtained with selection based on adherence to plastic. Up until now, CD271 has been described as the most specific marker for the characterization andpurification of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. This marker has been shown to be specifically expressed by these cells. Thus, CD271 has been proposed as a versatile marker to selectively isolated and expand multipotent mesenchymal stem cells with both immunosuppressive and lymphohematopoietic engraftment-promoting properties. This review focuses on this marker, specifically on identification of mesenchymal stem cells from different tissues. Literature revision suggests that CD271 should not be defined as a universal marker to identify mesenchymal stem cells before culture from different sources. In the case of bone marrow or adipose tissue, CD271 could be considered a quite suitable marker; however this marker seems to be inadequate for the isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from other tissues such as umbilical cord blood or wharton’s jelly among others.     

遮荫对东北地区四种可食用蕨类植物生长和光合特征的影响

以东北4种蕨类植物——荚果蕨(Matteuccia struthiopteris(L.)Todaro)、猴腿蹄盖蕨(Athyrium multidentatum(Dol1.)Ching)、分株紫萁(Osmunda cinnamomea(L.)var.asiatica Fernald)和蕨(Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var.latiusculum (Desy.) Underw.ex Heller)为研究材料,分析在35%、13%和8%全光照处理下4种蕨类植物的生长和光合特征.结果发现:随着遮荫程度的增加,4种蕨类植物的株高减小,比叶面积增加,叶片含水量增加.4种蕨类植物的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率随着遮荫程度的增加而降低,胞间CO2浓度呈上升趋势.在3种遮荫处理下4种蕨类植物的PSⅡ最大光化学效率在0.7~0.8;非光化学猝灭系数随着遮荫程度的增加而降低.4种蕨类植物的叶绿素含量,尤其是叶绿素b含量随着遮荫程度的增加而上升,但在8%全光照下蕨的叶绿素含量呈下降趋势.相比其他蕨类植物而言,蕨具有较高的比叶面积、净光合速率和量子产率,相对较低的非光化学猝灭系数和叶绿素a./b.结果表明,4种蕨类植物最适合在35%全光照下生长,虽然对较低光照条件具有一定的适应性,但生长受到一定的抑制;4种蕨类植物中,蕨具有较强的耐荫性.本研究为东北地区4种可食用蕨类植物的栽培管理及利用提供科学依据.     

耐低温荧光假单胞菌筛选体系建立及其植物促生作用评价

【目的】以前期研究小麦生境分离细菌为菌株库,从中筛选耐低温菌株,评价其植物促生效果。【方法】通过4°C低温培养筛选耐低温菌株。以产吲哚乙酸、1-氨基环丙烷羧酸(ACC)脱氨酶、嗜铁素以及无机、有机磷溶解能力为评价指标,测定15°C和28°C环境中耐低温菌株的植物促生作用潜力,利用赋分评估系统选定潜力菌株进行温室和田间试验验证其植物促生作用。【结果】筛选到34株耐低温菌株,从中选定的8株植物促生潜力细菌温室试验促生效果和评估分值之间的相关性在0.62以上,菌株1b YB22和3b JN2在28°C环境中对黄瓜的促生效果均在28%以上,二者在15°C环境中对青菜种子根长的促生效果分别为116.76%和46.82%,菌株1b YB22在15°C环境中对青菜的促生效果为25.11%。菌株1b YB22在田间应用对小麦生长同样具有促生作用,增产效果达0.58%。【结论】研究建立的筛选体系从小麦生境分离菌株中获得了耐低温荧光假单胞菌株1b YB22和3b JN2,两株细菌在15°C和28°C均具有植物促生作用,同时可以在田间促进小麦生长。     

Regulation of Hyaluronan (HA) Metabolism Mediated by HYBID (Hyaluronan-binding Protein Involved in HA Depolymerization,KIAA1199) and HA Synthases in Growth Factor-stimulated Fibroblasts

Regulation of hyaluronan (HA) synthesis and degradation is essential to maintenance of extracellular matrix homeostasis. We recently reported that HYBID (HYaluronan-Binding protein Involved in hyaluronan Depolymerization), also called KIAA1199, plays a key role in HA depolymerization in skin and arthritic synovial fibroblasts. However, regulation of HA metabolism mediated by HYBID and HA synthases (HASs) under stimulation with growth factors remains obscure. Here we report that TGF-β1, basic FGF, EGF, and PDGF-BB commonly enhance total amount of HA in skin fibroblasts through up-regulation of HAS expression, but molecular size of newly produced HA is dependent on HYBID expression levels. Stimulation of HAS1/2 expression and suppression of HYBID expression by TGF-β1 were abrogated by blockade of the MAPK and/or Smad signaling and the PI3K-Akt signaling, respectively. In normal human skin, expression of the TGF-β1 receptors correlated positively with HAS2 expression and inversely with HYBID expression. On the other hand, TGF-β1 up-regulated HAS1/2 expression but exerted only a slight suppressive effect on HYBID expression in synovial fibroblasts from the patients with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, resulting in the production of lower molecular weight HA compared with normal skin and synovial fibroblasts. These data demonstrate that although TGF-β1, basic FGF, EGF, and PDGF-BB enhance HA production in skin fibroblasts, TGF-β1 most efficiently contributes to production of high molecular weight HA by HAS up-regulation and HYBID down-regulation and suggests that inefficient down-regulation of HYBID by TGF-β1 in arthritic synovial fibroblasts may be linked to accumulation of depolymerized HA in synovial fluids in arthritis patients.     

Exposure to high‐concentration oxygen in the neonatal period induces abnormal retinal vascular patterning in mice

The interruption of vascular development could cause structural and functional abnormalities in tissues. We have previously reported that short‐term treatment of newborn mice with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors induces abnormal retinal vascular growth and patterns. An exposure of neonatal mice to high‐concentration oxygen disturbs normal retinal vascular development. The present study aimed to determine (1) whether vascular abnormalities are observed in the retina of newborn mice exposed to high concentrations of oxygen, and (2) how astrocyte network formation is affected following the exposure to hyperoxia. Newborn (postnatal day 0) mice were exposed to 75% oxygen for 48 or 96 hr. During hyperoxia exposure, VEGF expression decreased, and the onset of retinal vascularization was completely suppressed. After completion of the hyperoxic period, retinal vascularization occurred, but it was delayed in a hyperoxic exposure duration‐dependent manner. In retinas of hyperoxia‐exposed mice, dense capillary plexuses were found, and the number of arteries and veins decreased. The astrocyte network formation was slightly delayed under hyperoxic conditions, and the network became denser in retinas of mice with an episode of hyperoxia. Expression of VEGF levels in the avascular retina of mice that were exposed to hyperoxia was higher than that of control mice. These results suggest that short‐term interruption of the onset of vascular development resulting from the reduction in VEGF signals induces abnormal vascular patterns in the mouse retina. The abnormalities in retinal astrocyte behavior might contribute to the formation of an abnormal retinal vascular growth.     

Precision and accuracy of Dahl-Lea back-calculated smolt lengths from adult scales of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Using tagged and recaptured Atlantic salmon Salmo salar (n = 106) the present analysis shows that the most commonly applied linear back-calculation method for estimating past length, the Dahl-Lea method, resulted in overestimation of the length of large smolts and underestimation of small smolts. A correction equation (y = 0.53x + 6.23) for estimating true smolt length (y) from lengths back-calculated from adult scale measures (x) to account for these systematic discrepancies is proposed.     

Novel quinazolin-4-one derivatives as potentiating agents of doxorubicin cytotoxicity

We report the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 17 novel 8-aryl-2-morpholino-3,4-dihydroquinazoline derivatives based on the standard model of DNA-PK and PI3K inhibitors. Novel compounds are sub-divided into two series where the second series of five derivatives was designed to have a better solubility profile over the first one. A combination of in vitro and in silico techniques suggested a plausible synergistic effect with doxorubicin of the most potent compound 14d on cell proliferation via DNA-PK and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibition, while alone having a negligible effect on cell proliferation.