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排序方式: 共有886条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
Eckert JJ McCallum A Mears A Rumsby MG Cameron IT Fleming TP 《Developmental biology》2005,288(1):234-247
In mouse early development, cell contact patterns regulate the spatial organization and segregation of inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm epithelium (TE) during blastocyst morphogenesis. Progressive membrane assembly of tight junctional (TJ) proteins in the differentiating TE during cleavage is upregulated by cell contact asymmetry (outside position) and suppressed within the ICM by cell contact symmetry (inside position). This is reversible, and immunosurgical isolation of the ICM induces upregulation of TJ assembly in a sequence that broadly mimics that occurring during blastocyst formation. The mechanism relating cell contact pattern and TJ assembly was investigated in the ICM model with respect to PKC-mediated signaling and gap junctional communication. Our results indicate that complete cell contact asymmetry is required for TJ biogenesis and acts upstream of PKC-mediated signaling. Specific inhibition of two PKC isoforms, PKCdelta and zeta, revealed that both PKC activities are required for membrane assembly of ZO-2 TJ protein, while only PKCzeta activity is involved in regulating ZO-1alpha+ membrane assembly, suggesting different mechanisms for individual TJ proteins. Gap junctional communication had no apparent influence on either TJ formation or PKC signaling but was itself affected by changes of cell contact patterns. Our data suggest that the dynamics of cell contact patterns coordinate the spatial organization of TJ formation via specific PKC signaling pathways during blastocyst biogenesis. 相似文献
62.
Chan WH 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2005,338(2):1263-1267
In this report, we examine the cytotoxic effect of ginkgolides, the major components of Ginkgo biloba extracts, on the blastocyst stage of mouse embryos and on subsequent early postimplantation embryonic development in vitro. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay revealed that blastocysts treated with 5 or 10muM ginkgolide A or ginkgolide B showed increased apoptosis versus untreated controls. This could be correlated with the observation that ginkgolide-treated blastocysts showed a significant reduction in the average number of total cells in the blastocyst and trophectoderm/inner cell mass lineage versus controls. In addition, ginkgolide-pretreated blastocysts showed normal levels of implantation on culture dishes in vitro, but significantly fewer embryos reached the later stages of embryonic development in the treatment groups versus the controls, instead dying at relatively early stages of development. Our results collectively indicate that ginkgolide treatment of mouse blastocysts induces apoptosis, decreases cell numbers, retards early postimplantation blastocyst development, and increases early-stage blastocyst death. These novel findings provide important new insights into the effect of Ginkgo biloba extracts on mouse blastocysts. 相似文献
63.
64.
Ikezono T Shindo S Li L Omori A Ichinose S Watanabe A Kobayashi T Pawankar R Yagi T 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2004,314(2):440-446
The COCH gene mutated in DFNA9, an autosomal dominant hereditary sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular disorder, encodes Cochlin. Previously, we reported three bovine Cochlin isoforms, p63s, p44s, and p40s, which exhibit significant molecular heterogeneity in vivo. Here we have characterized Cochlin isoforms by generating four isoform-specific anti-Cochlin antibodies. The same three Cochlin isoforms, p63s, p44s, and p40s, were detected in human and cow inner ear tissue; however, p44s and p40s were not detected in perilymph. We identified a novel short 16kDa isoform in human perilymph and a 18-23kDa isoform in cow perilymph, named Cochlin-tomoprotein (CTP), corresponding to the N-terminus of full-length Cochlin (p63s) and the LCCL domain. Notably, CTP contains all of the known mutation sites associated with DFNA9. The pathogenesis of DFNA9 is not fully clarified as yet, and this novel perilymph-associated CTP isoform might provide mechanistic clues to how mutations in the COCH gene damage the inner ear function. 相似文献
65.
Sympathetic activation in a “fight or flight reaction” may put the sensory systems for hearing and balance into a state of heightened alert via β1-adrenergic receptors (β1-AR). The aim of the present study was to localize β1-AR in the gerbil inner ear by confocal immunocytochemistry, to characterize β1-AR by Western immunoblots, and to identify β1-AR pharmacologically by measurements of cAMP production. Staining for β1-AR was found in strial marginal cells, inner and outer hair cells, outer sulcus, and spiral ganglia cells of the cochlea, as well as in dark, transitional and supporting cells of the vestibular labyrinth. Receptors were characterized in microdissected inner ear tissue fractions as 55 kDa non-glycosylated species and as 160 kDa high-mannose-glycosylated complexes. Pharmacological studies using isoproterenol, ICI-118551 and CGP-20712A demonstrated β1-AR as the predominant adrenergic receptor in stria vascularis and organ of Corti. In conclusion, β1-AR are present and functional in inner ear epithelial cells that are involved in K+ cycling and auditory transduction, as well as in neuronal cells that are involved in auditory transmission. 相似文献
66.
在前期数值分类工作的基础上,对7株与Rhizobium关系较密切的分离自西藏部分地区豆科植物Trigonellaspp.和Astragalusspp.的根瘤菌所形成的独立表观群,通过DNA同源性测定及16S rDNA全序列分析进行了分类地位的进一步确定。结果表明:该独立表观群菌株的(G C)mol%为59.5%~63.3%,群内菌株间DNA同源性在74.3%~92.3%之间,中心菌株XZ2-3与相关Rhizobium种之间的DNA同源性在0%~47.4%之间,是不同于Rhizobium内各种的新DNA同源群。另外,16S rDNA全序列分析结果也表明,中心菌株XZ2-3占居Rhizobium系统发育分支中的一个独立亚分支,其与临近R.leguminosarumUSDA2370T和R.etliCFN42T之间的序列相似性分别为96.55%和96.62%。根据国际系统细菌学委员会提出的细菌种属分类标准,该独立表观群构成了一个不同于Rhizobium内各种的新种群。该研究结果丰富了现有根瘤菌分类系统,将为国际上现有Rhizobium的14个种中再增添一个新的分类单元。 相似文献
67.
Diverse rhizobia associated with Sophora alopecuroides grown in different regions of Loess Plateau in China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A total of seventy-five symbiotic bacterial strains isolated from root nodules of wild Sophora alopecuroides grown in different regions of China's Loess Plateau were characterized. Based on the combined RFLP patterns, thirty-five genotypes were defined among the rhizobia and they were classified into nine genomic species, including Mesorhizobium alhagi and M. gobiense as the main groups, as well as Agrobacterium tumefaciens, M. amorphae, Phyllobacterium trifolii, Rhizobium giardinii, R. indigoferae, Sinorhizobium fredii and S. meliloti as the minor groups according to the 16S rRNA and recA gene analyses. Five and three lineages of nodA and nifH were found, respectively, in these strains, implying that the symbiotic genes of the S. alopecuroides rhizobia had different origins or had divergently evolved. Results of correspondence analysis showed that there was a correlation between rhizobial genotypes and the geographic origins. Possible lateral transfer of the recA and 16S rRNA genes between the P. trifolii and A. tumefaciens strains, and that of symbiotic genes (nodA, nifH) between different genera, was shown by discrepancies of the phylogenetic relationships of the four gene loci. These results revealed diverse rhizobia associated with wild S. alopecuroides grown in different regions of China's Loess Plateau, and demonstrated for the first time the existence of symbiotic A. tumefaciens strains in root nodules of S. alopecuroides. 相似文献
68.
A mature inner ear is a complex structure consisting of vestibular and auditory components. Microsurgical ablations, rotations, and translocations were performed in ovo to identify the tissues that control inner ear morphogenesis. We show that mesenchyme/ectoderm adjacent to the developing ear specifically governs the shape of vestibular components - the semicircular canals and ampullae - by conferring anteroposterior axial information to these structures. In contrast, removal of individual hindbrain rhombomeres adjacent to the developing ear preferentially affects the growth and morphogenesis of the auditory subdivision, the cochlear duct, or basilar papilla. Removal of rhombomere 5 affects cochlear duct growth, while rhombomere 6 removal affects cochlear growth and morphogenesis. Rotating rhombomeres 5 and 6 along the anteroposterior axis also impacts cochlear duct morphogenesis but has little effect on the vestibular components. Our studies indicate that discrete tissues, acting at a distance, control the morphogenesis of distinct elements of the inner ear. These results provide a basis for identifying factors that are essential to vestibular and auditory development in vertebrates. 相似文献
69.
Heidi Laine 《Developmental biology》2010,337(1):134-405
Sensory hair cells and supporting cells of the mammalian cochlea and vestibular (balance) organs exit the cell cycle during embryogenesis and do not proliferate thereafter. Here, we have studied the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of the postmitotic state and the proliferative capacity of these cells. We provide the first evidence of the role of cyclin D1 in cell cycle regulation in these cells. Cyclin D1 expression disappeared from embryonic hair cells as differentiation started. The expression was transiently upregulated in cochlear hair cells early postnatally, paralleling the spatiotemporal pattern of unscheduled cell cycle re-entry of cochlear hair cells from the p19Ink4d/p21Cip1 compound mutant mice. Cyclin D1 misexpression in vitro in neonatal vestibular HCs from these mutant mice triggered S-phase re-entry. Thus, cyclin D1 suppression is important for hair cell's quiescence, together with the maintained expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. In contrast to hair cells, cyclin D1 expression was maintained in supporting cells when differentiation started. The expression continued during the neonatal period when supporting cells have been shown to re-enter the cell cycle upon stimulation with exogenous mitogens. Thereafter, the steep decline in supporting cell's proliferative activity paralleled with cyclin D1 downregulation. Thus, cyclin D1 critically contributes to the proliferative plasticity of supporting cells. These data suggest that targeted cyclin D1 induction in supporting cells might be an avenue for proliferative regeneration in the inner ear. 相似文献
70.