中国蒙新区土蝽科一新种及四新纪录：半翅目：土蝽科

本文记录了我国蒙新区土蝽科１新种：新疆光土蝽Ｓｅｈｉｒｕｓ ｘｉｎｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。及４个中国新纪录种：黄圆土蝽Ｂｙｓｉｎｕｓ ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｌａｔｕｓ Ｅ．Ｗａｇｎｅｒ,小圆土蝽Ｂ．ｍｉｎｏｒ Ｅ．Ｗａｇｎｅｒ,光头伊土蝽Ａｅｔｈｕｓ ｌａｅｖｉｃｅｐｓ Ｋｅｒｚｈｅｒ及斜光土蝽Ｓ．ｐａｒｅｎｓ Ｍｕｌｓａｎｔ ｅｔ Ｒｅｙ。     

基于CASA模型的内蒙古典型草原植被净初级生产力动态模拟

 植被净初级生产力及其对气候变化的响应研究是全球变化的核心内容之一。在利用内蒙古典型草原连续13年的地上生物量资料对基于遥感信息的生态系统碳循环过程CASA(Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach)模型验证的基础上, 分析了内蒙古典型草原1982~2002年植被净初级生产力(Net primary productivity, NPP)的时间变异及其影响因子。结果表明: 1) 1982~2002年21年间内蒙古典型草原的平均年NPP为290.23 g C·m^–2·a^–1, 变化范围为 145.80~502.84 g C·m^–2·a^–1; 2)内蒙古典型草原NPP呈增加趋势, 但没有达到显著性水平, 其中1982~1999年的18年间NPP呈现非常显著的增加趋势(p<0.01), NPP增加的直接原因是由于生长旺季生长本身增强所致; 3)内蒙古典型草原NPP与年降水量呈极显著的相关关系, 年降水量显著影响NPP的变异, 而NPP与年均温无显著相关关系。     

A hydroclimatic regionalization of central Mongolia as inferred from tree rings

In arid and semi-arid regions of the world, such as Mongolia, the future of water resources under a warming climate is of particular concern. The influence of increasing temperatures on precipitation is difficult to predict because precipitation trends in coming decades could have a high degree of spatial variability. In this study, we applied a rotated principal component analysis (RPCA) to a network of 20 tree-ring chronologies across central Mongolia from 1790 to 1994 to evaluate spatial hydroclimatic variability and to place recent variability in the context of the past several centuries. The RPCA results indicate that the network consists of four tree-growth anomaly regions, which were found to be relatively stable through time and space. Correlation analyses reveal spatial linkages between the tree-growth anomalies and instrumental data, where annual streamflow variability was strongly associated with tree-growth anomalies from their respective regions from 1959 to 1994 (r = 0.52–0.64, p < 0.05). This study highlights the extent of spatial variability in hydroclimate across central Mongolia and emphasizes the value of using tree-ring networks in locations with limited instrumental records.     

宁夏、内蒙古的一些早白垩世珠蚌类

宁夏六盘山群上部和内蒙古赛汉塔拉组产出的珠蚌类化石为首次描述,其面貌与邻区相当地层产出的蚌类相似,前人将它们鉴定为Unio。现据它们的壳顶区缺双带构造、前假主齿乳头状并不呈“多”形排列和前闭壳肌痕内具树枝状构造等特征建立Ningxiaconcha gen. nov.。本文还对Pseudelliptio属及其模式种的含义作了补充修订;通过这些珠蚌类化石的对比,宁夏六盘山群和内蒙古赛汉塔拉组可与新疆吐谷鲁群中上部、辽西沙海组和阜新组、山东蒙阴群中上部、浙江寿昌组上段以及苏联、蒙古、德国韦尔登阶进行对比,其时代应归入早白垩世早期。     

Spectrum structures and biological functions of 8-mers in the human genome

The spectra of k-mer frequencies can reveal the structures and evolution of genome sequences. We confirmed that the trimodal spectrum of 8-mers in human genome sequences is distinguished only by CG2, CG1 and CG0 8-mer sets, containing 2,1 or 0 CpG, respectively. This phenomenon is called independent selection law. The three types of CG 8-mers were considered as different functional elements. We conjectured that (1) nucleosome binding motifs are mainly characterized by CG1 8-mers and (2) the core structural units of CpG island sequences are predominantly characterized by CG2 8-mers. To validate our conjectures, nucleosome occupied sequences and CGI sequences were extracted, then the sequence parameters were constructed through the information of the three CG 8-mer sets respectively. ROC analysis showed that CG1 8-mers are more preference in nucleosome occupied segments (AUC > 0.7) and CG2 8-mers are more preference in CGI sequences (AUC > 0.99). This validates our conjecture in principle.     

Hair Cells – Beyond the Transducer

Overview This review considers the “tween twixt and twain” of hair cell physiology, specifically the signaling elements and membrane conductances which underpin forward and reverse transduction at the input stage of hair cell function and neurotransmitter release at the output stage. Other sections of this review series outline the advances which have been made in understanding the molecular physiology of mechanoelectrical transduction and outer hair cell electromotility. Here we outline the contributions of a considerable array of ion channels and receptor signaling pathways that define the biophysical status of the sensory hair cells, contributing to hair cell development and subsequently defining the operational condition of the hair cells across the broad dynamic range of physiological function.     

家兔早期胚胎细胞发育能力的研究

本文利用胚泡注射法制作嵌合体对家兔交配后96,120和144小时的ICM细胞的发育能力进行了研究。供体胚胎取自青紫兰灰免,受体胚胎取自新西兰白兔,结果表明96和120小时供胚的ICM细胞与96小时受胚胚泡组合后均能参与发育,形成嵌合兔,144小时者未获得嵌合体。由于120小时的ICM细胞发育的2只表型为雄性的嵌合兔,其中1只不育,其性腺和外周血核型表明不育兔为xx/xy性嵌合,性腺中有处于不同发育程度的卵巢和精细管,外周血含xx和xy两种核型。本实验结果首次证明家兔交配后120小时胚泡的ICM细胞仍具有参与嵌合体发育的能力。它不仅能参与体细胞的分化,并具有形成生殖细胞的能力。交配后144小时胚泡的ICM细胞其发育能力似乎已发生了局限。     

基于PSR框架的内蒙古自治区土壤保持服务分区

土壤侵蚀是中国北方重要的生态问题,内蒙古自治区位于干旱半干旱地区,是中国北方典型的土壤侵蚀区。针对以往生态功能分区分析框架复杂多样、权重设定人为主观等问题,以内蒙古自治区为例,基于压力-状态-响应系统分析框架,从气候背景-土壤保持-植被条件三方面构建指标体系,运用自组织特征映射(SOFM)神经网络和GIS空间分析技术,以1280个小流域为基本单元进行土壤保持服务分区,按照分区单元的聚集度对多种方案进行优选,并依据区域共轭性原则最终将研究区划分为3个土壤保持服务区和11个土壤保持服务亚区。     

Seasonal dynamic changes in bacterial compositions in the Inner Mongolia desert steppe

Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) technique was employed to examine the seasonal dynamic changes in bacterial community composition in the Inner Mongolia desert steppe using specific primers F954 and R1369. Bright and reproducible bands were sequenced, and the phylogenic tree was constructed. The results show that the bacterial community composition changed between different seasons. The specific bands were different between the sampling sites with light and heavy levels of degraded grassland. Three main types of bacteria constituting the microbial community in the Inner Mongolia desert steppe belonged to the α, γ andgd-sub phyla of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria. The unculturable bacteria accounted for 69% of the whole bacterial community of the Inner Mongolia desert steppe.     

内蒙古巴特敖包地区早泥盆世牙形刺

内蒙古达茂旗(达尔罕茂明安联合旗)巴特敖包地区以碳酸岩相古生代地层发育而引人注意。经多年研究,特别是李文国等(1985)的研究,使本区珊瑚、腕足类、层孔虫、鹦鹉螺等大化石的研究工作已有一定基础,并依据牙形刺首先确定了在阿鲁共剖面有泥盆纪地层的存在。但本区泥盆纪地层仍存在很多问题,必须通过对牙形刺的研究加以解决。在王成源研究员的精心安排和亲自指导下,作者等在巴特敖包地区的七个剖面进行了系统取样研究。经对158个样品(重667kg)的分析,在本区发现了大量的原定为志留纪的早泥盆世地层,包括西别河组命名剖面。分析结果同时证明,本区不存在志留系温洛克统的沉积。巴特敖包剖面断层发育,志留—泥盆纪地层交替出现,巴特敖包组应取消,原定的阿鲁共剖面层序颠倒。本区地层应厘订为志留系的西别河组(罗德洛统—普里道利统)和下泥盆统的阿鲁共组(Lochkovian阶),前者以包尔汉图剖面为标准剖面,后者应寻找更好的标准剖面。本文重点总结巴特敖包地区早泥盆世的牙形刺。本区共建立了4个牙形刺带,文中共描述了8牙形刺属,21种,其中包括4亚种、1新种(Belodellataeniocuspidatasp.nov.)和1未定种。