纳米二氧化硅复合寒冷对A549细胞毒性及其炎性因子分泌的影响*

目的: 本研究旨在探讨纳米二氧化硅(Nano-SiO₂)颗粒和寒冷复合对人肺腺癌上皮细胞A549细胞毒性及炎性因子分泌的影响。方法: 本研究以A549细胞为实验对象,分别用10, 50, 100, 200 μg/ml Nano-SiO₂颗粒对A549细胞染毒,以及分别在35℃,33℃,31℃条件下对A549细胞进行低温暴露,培养48 h后,观察细胞形态及测定细胞相对存活率。根据单因素分析结果,选出对A549细胞相对存活率有显著降低作用的Nano-SiO₂剂量和温度的基础上,按照2×2析因设计实验,分为4组:①37℃对照组;②Nano-SiO₂染毒组;③低温暴露组;④Nano-SiO₂和低温复合组,不同条件下暴露48 h后,收集细胞上清液采用比色法检测LDH活性,以及ELISA法测定细胞因子白介素-6(IL-6)和白介素-8(IL-8)的水平,采用qRT-PCR法检测细胞IL-6和IL-8的基因表达水平。结果: 100 μg/ml Nano-SiO₂组和31℃低温组能够显著降低A549细胞活性(P＜0.01),在复合条件作用下对A549细胞活性抑制最为显著,且炎性因子IL-6和IL-8及mRNA的表达水平均显著升高(P＜0.01)。结论: 100 μg/ml Nano-SiO₂与31℃低温复合暴露可协同降低A549细胞的相对存活率,增加炎性因子IL-6和IL-8表达水平。     

瘦素对糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢及炎性因子的影响

目的: 探讨瘦素对糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢及相关炎症因子的影响。方法: 将健康Wistar雄性大鼠60只随机选取10只作为对照组,50只给予高糖高脂饲料喂养加腹腔内注射链脲佐霉素(STZ,25 mg/kg)的方法诱发并建立糖尿病大鼠模型。并随机分为模型组、瘦素低剂量组、瘦素中剂量组和瘦素高剂量组,每组10只。4组大鼠造模成功后均持续给予高糖高脂饲料喂养,瘦素低、中、高剂量组给予20 μg/kg、50 μg/kg和100 μg/kg,连续5 d。GOD-PAP法检测大鼠血糖(FBG),放射免疫法测定胰岛素含量(Ins),全自动生化分析仪测定血清中三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)。采用酶联免疫方法(ELISA)测定丙二醛(MDA)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)。采用Western blot检测糖尿病大鼠脂肪组织中瘦素表达情况。结果: 与对照组比较,各组大鼠血糖水平均显著升高(P＜0.01);与模型组比较,瘦素中、高剂量大鼠血糖显著降低(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);瘦素高剂量组胰岛素水平显著降低(P＜0.01)。不同剂量瘦素组间比较,给药后三组大鼠FBG及INS无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。与模型组比较,瘦素中、高剂量组TC水平显著下降(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);高剂量组TG、LDL-C水平显著降低(P＜0.05),高剂量组HDL-C水平显著升高(P＜0.01)。不同剂量瘦素组进行组间比较,高剂量组在降低TC、TG、LDL-C水平,升高HDL-C水平优于中、低剂量组(P＜0.05)。Western blot结果显示,与模型组(52.27±10.93)比,瘦素高剂量组100 μg/kg(40.13±9.87)、中剂量组50 μg/kg(44.68±10.23)、低剂量组20 μg/kg(47.35±12.09)脂肪中瘦素表达水平依次降低。结论: 瘦素水平分泌异常是诱发糖尿病因素之一,在给予一定浓度外源性瘦素(100 μg/kg)干预下,能显著降低MDA、TNF-α水平,提高IL-6水平,其机制可能与瘦素在减轻炎症反应、氧化应激,纠正血脂异常紊乱有密切关系。     

极小种群野生植物坡垒的生境特征及其对幼苗多度的影响

极小种群野生植物坡垒(Hopea hainanensis)曾经是热带低地雨林的优势种, 但由于商业采伐和刀耕火种等严重人类干扰及自然更新困难, 致使其种群数量急剧下降到最小可存活的界限, 急需开展种群的拯救恢复工作。而对于坡垒生境适宜性及更新限制的了解, 是进行种群保护及恢复的基础。本文在对野生坡垒种群及其生境因子调查测定的基础上, 分析了生物与非生物生境特征及其对坡垒种群更新幼苗多度的影响。结果表明: 坡垒种群从幼苗至幼树阶段存在着严重的增补限制。坡度小、土壤含水量和有效磷含量高、母株胸径和冠幅较大、伴生种胸高断面积中等的环境是坡垒幼苗较为适宜的生境, 且坡垒幼苗多度与坡度及土壤pH值显著负相关, 与土壤含水量及土壤全磷含量显著正相关。这些研究结果为极小种群野生植物坡垒的就地保护与种群复壮提供了科学依据。     

湖南高望界国家级自然保护区及其周边蝶类多样性与影响因素

为了解湖南高望界国家级自然保护区蝶类多样性本底及其影响因素, 2016年5月至2018年10月, 我们采用样线法对保护区内外的6种生境(保护区内4种, 区外2种)开展了20次蝶类多样性调查。共记录蝴蝶个体13,956只, 依照五科分类系统, 隶属5科113属239种, 其中湖南省蝶类新记录17种。区系成分以东洋种为主(139种, 占58.1%), 广布种次之(97种, 占40.6%), 古北种最少(3种, 占1.3%)。对不同生境的蝶类群落多样性指数进行分析后发现, 人为干扰程度和生境异质性共同影响蝶类多样性。不同生境相似性分析结果表明, 蝶类群落的相似度与人为干扰程度和植被类型差异密切相关。3年间, 蝶类多样性指数月度变化基本一致, 蝶类物种数、多样性指数与月均温间呈显著正相关, 与月降水量无相关性。综上, 蝶类多样性受到人为干扰程度和气象因子的影响。为保护蝶类资源, 建议保护好蝶类栖息地, 减少人为干扰。     

圈养林麝麝香分泌时间节律及影响因素

在2016年和2017年的5—8月,我们对川西马尔康麝场圈养林麝（Moschus berezovskii）的麝香分泌进行了行为与生理监测,对麝香分泌的各阶段进行了准确判定,记录了泌香启动、泌香盛期开始、泌香盛期终止及泌香结束的时间阶段及持续时间长,分析了林麝麝香分泌的时间阶段与体重和年龄等因素的关系。结果表明,马尔康麝场的雄性林麝平均泌香启动日在6月16日[（167.06±7.75）d,n=141],于6月17日进入泌香盛期[（168.52±7.67）d,n=141],6月21日[（172.17±7.26）d, n=138]泌香活动减弱,至6月25日[（176.27±8.11）d, n=131]泌香结束;雄麝体重与其泌香启动、泌香盛期停止及泌香结束时间呈显著负相关（r_PS = -0.234,P_PS =0.028;r _VSF = -0.215,P_VSF = 0.047;r _SE = -0.229,P_SE = 0.043）,即雄麝的体重越大,其泌香越早;各年龄组间的平均泌香时长差异显著（F _{17, 113} = 3.482, P = 0.003）,其中2岁雄麝平均泌香时长最长[（13.07±2.08）d, n=20],显著高于3岁[（9.38±0.76）d, n=12, P = 0.042]和4岁[（7.80±1.60）d, n=5, P = 0.013]个体;马尔康林麝平均泌香量为（11.85g±0.96）g, （n=114）,随泌香时长延长有增加趋势,但不显著（P = 0.854）。基于上述林麝雄体的泌香时间、泌香量与年龄和体重等因素间的关联,可对圈养的林麝个体间的泌香力、泌香量等进行区分和预判,作为圈养林麝驯养生产力优化的依据,并可为圈养林麝优质品系的选育提供参考。     

Assessment of risk factors for postoperative cognitive dysfunction after coronary artery bypass surgery: a single-center retrospective cohort study

Aim: To find out risk factors for postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and to provide basis for clinical prevention of POCD. A total of 88 patients who underwent CABG were surveyed with Telephone Questionnaire (TICS-M) for their cognitive impairment after 3, 7, 21, 90, 180 days post-surgery. The occurrence of POCD was diagnosed by Neuropsychological Battery which included Vocabular Learning Test (VLT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Trail Making Test (TMT) and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). The preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative risk factors were assessed by the χ² or t test. Multivariate analysis was used to study the correlation between the risk factors and the occurrence of POCD. Age, aortic plaque, carotid artery stenosis, cerebrovascular disease, anesthesia time, the rate of decline in intraoperative hemoglobin concentration (ΔHb) and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) score on postoperative day 2 had statistically significant (P<0.05) influence on the occurrence of POCD. Aortic plaque, carotid artery stenosis, anesthesia time and SIRS score (odds ratio (OR) value > 1, P<0.05) are the risk factors for POCD. The incidence of day-21 and -180 POCD was approximately 26.1 and 22.7%, respectively.     

全球变化格局下重要传粉昆虫大蜜蜂的潜在适生区变化

【目的】当前全球气候变化、土地利用改变、人类活动加剧等正威胁着传粉昆虫的多样性及分布;蜜蜂是生态系统中重要的传粉昆虫类群,对气候、环境变化响应敏感。本研究以重要的传粉昆虫大蜜蜂Apis dorsata为对象,探讨全球变化格局下其潜在适生区变化以及影响其分布的关键因子。【方法】通过文献、馆藏和野外调查系统收集了全球范围内大蜜蜂的物种分布数据,使用13个环境变量通过MaxEnt模型模拟了大蜜蜂当前的潜在适生区;使用9个气候变量并结合公共地球系统模型(CCSM4)模拟了大蜜蜂过去、当前和未来的潜在适生区。【结果】AUC比率显示MaxEnt模型对大蜜蜂的潜在适生区模拟具有较高的准确性,模拟结果表明大蜜蜂的中高潜在适生区主要分布在南亚和东南亚湿润的热带雨林、热带季节性雨林和低地雨林。人类影响、温度季节性变化、等温性、最冷季均温和海拔是影响大蜜蜂潜在适生区的5个最主要因子;在人类影响下大蜜蜂的潜在适生区向山区和连片的湿润常绿森林区收缩,中高潜在适生区显著减少且呈破碎化趋势。基于9个气候变量和CCSM4气候模型对过去、当前和未来的模拟结果显示：在过去的末次冰盛期,东南亚地区可能是大蜜蜂的避难所;在未来,广布于热带地区的大蜜蜂适生区与当前的相近,且部分地区适生指数升高。【结论】基于气候的模拟结果显示大蜜蜂能积极应对未来气候变暖,但随人类活动的加剧及全球气候变化,大蜜蜂仍然面临较大的威胁,需要加强其在南亚和东南亚的中高潜在适生区的重视和保护。     

Factors associated with Diaphorina citri immigration into commercial citrus orchards in São Paulo State,Brazil

Seasonality often influences multiple aspects of vector-borne plant diseases. With respect to the management of plant disease vectors, an understanding of the factors driving seasonal changes in vector flight activity may improve management outcomes by facilitating more proactive application of control measures. One of the most challenging issues for citrus Huanglongbing management is to forecast when disease primary spread by bacteriliferous Diaphorina citri will occur. We monitored the temporal patterns of immigrating psyllids, using upwards of 1,200 traps spread among 9 citrus farms and checked on a weekly basis over 4 years. This dataset was analysed with a set of hierarchical models to estimate the effect of climatic variables on citrus foliage production (i.e. flush), and effects of climatic variables and citrus foliage dynamics on D. citri catches over the season. The results showed substantial seasonal variability in immigrating D. citri abundance, with the critical dispersal/migration period occurring between end of winter and spring. During this period, 65% of the total psyllids were collected on sticky traps. Seasonality of immigrating D. citri coincided with changes in certain climate variables, with negative effects of humidity and daily maximum temperatures, and a positive effect of rainfall amount in prior weeks. Maximum temperature and both daily minimum temperature and rainfall during prior weeks were also associated with new citrus flush production, which itself was positively related to immigrating D. citri abundance. Based on these results, citrus growers should be aware and intensify the frequency of psyllid control tactics (i.e. insecticide and/or kaolin sprays) during this period in order to prevent Ca. L. asiaticus transmission. These results are an important step towards developing the predictive framework needed to refine D. citri and huanglongbing management.