松突圆蚧等5种松树有害生物在福建省潜在危险性的定量分析

本参照国内外专家对有害生物的危险性定量分析方法,结合福建省森林资源状况和病虫害发生防治等情况,建立适用于福建省的有害生物潜在危险性的定量分析评价指标体系,并据此对松突圆蚧,红脂大小蠹,萧氏松茎象,湿地松粉蚧,日本松干蚧等5种松树害虫,对福建省的潜在危险性进行了定量分析和评价,结果表明松突圆蚧,萧氏松芪象,日本松干蚧为高度危险的害虫,红脂大小囊,湿地松粉蚧属中度但接近高度危险的害虫,并据此提出了相应的风险管理措施。     

A theoretical framework of ecological phase transitions for characterizing tree-grass dynamics

This paper describes a theoretical framework of ecological phase transitions for modeling tree-grass dynamics and analyzing the shifts or phase transitions from one vegetation structure to another in the southern Texas landscape. This framework implements the integration of percolation theory, fractal geometry and phase transition theory as a method for modeling the spatial patterns of tree-grass dynamics, and nonlinear Markov non-equilibrium thermodynamic stability theory as a method for characterizing temporal tree-grass dynamics and phase transition. An historical sequence of aerial photographs at a Prosopis - thornscrub savanna parkland site in southern Texas was used to determine the parameters of the models. The preliminary analytical result accords well with current understanding and field survey of vegetation dynamics in the southern Texas landscape. The potential of such approaches and other relevant theories such as self-organized criticality and synergetics to vegetation dynamics is also discussed.     

两个黄芪根瘤菌新类群代表菌株的16S rDNA序列分析

对黄芪根瘤菌两个新类群中心菌株CA8561和JL84进行了16S rDNA全序列测定,并进行了系统发育学分析。结果表明,CA8561位于Rhizobium分支中,JL84位于Sinorhizobium分支中。     

繁缕和无瓣繁缕六个居群的数值分析

对繁缕（Stellaria media）和无瓣繁缕（S.apetala）的6个居群的57个性状进行Q－聚类和R－聚类的研究。结果表明：（1）Q－聚类中,用一条结合线,可以把繁缕的4个居群聚为一类,无瓣繁缕的2个居群聚为一类。这一结果支持肥繁缕和无瓣繁缕划分为两个物种;（2）R－聚类中,发现了呈现完全正相关、极大正相关和极大负相关的性状,并根据R－聚类的结果,运用一条适当的结合线,把繁缕和无瓣繁缕的57个性状划为5个类群,并分析了各性状的分类学意义。     

湖南爬行动物区系与地理区划

本文刊出了湖南已发现的88种爬行动物的名录。报道一种湖南龟类新记录。根据多年的调查资料,分析阐述了湖南爬行动物区系和爬行动物地理区划。     

Possible involvement of Hcn1 ion channel in learning and memory dysfunction in SAMP8 mice

The senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) strain exhibits age-related learning and memory deficits (LMD) at 2 months of age. Combined linkage analysis of 264 F2 intercross SAMP8 × JF1 mice and RNA-seq analysis identified Hcn1 gene out of 29 genes in the LMD region on chromosome 13. Hcn1 in SAMP8 strain showed 15 times less polyglutamine repetition compared to Japanese fancy mouse 1 (JF1). Whole cell patch clamp analysis showed that Hcn1 ion conductivity was significantly lower in SAMP8 compared to that of JF1, which may be associated with learning and memory deficiency.     

Validation of density–elasticity relationships for finite element modeling of human pelvic bone by modal analysis

In total hip arthroplasty and particularly in revision surgery, computer assisted pre-operative prediction of the best possible anchorage strategy for implant fixation would be a great help to the surgeon. Computer simulation relies on validated numerical models. In the current study, three density–elasticity relationships (No. 1–3) from the literature for inhomogeneous material parameter assignment from CT data in automated finite element (FE) modeling of long bones were evaluated for their suitability for FE modeling of human pelvic bone. Numerical modal analysis was conducted on 10 FE models of hemipelvic bone specimens and compared to the gold standard provided by experimental modal analysis results from a previous in-vitro study on the same specimens. Overall, calculated resonance frequencies came out lower than measured values. Magnitude of mean relative deviation of numerical resonance frequencies with regard to measured values is lowest for the density–elasticity relationship No. 3 (−15.9%) and considerably higher for both density–elasticity relationships No. 1 (−41.1%) and No. 2 (−45.0%). Mean MAC values over all specimens amount to 77.8% (No. 1), 78.5% (No. 2), and 83.0% (No. 3). MAC results show, that mode shapes are only slightly influenced by material distribution. Calculated resonance frequencies are generally lower than measured values, which indicates, that numerical models lack stiffness. Even when using the best suited (No. 3) out of three investigated density–elasticity relationships, in FE modeling of pelvic bone a considerable underestimation of model stiffness has to be taken into account.     

Morphological and genetic relationship of two closely‐related giant water bugs: Appasus japonicus Vuillefroy and Appasus major Esaki (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae)

The East Asian giant water bug species Appasus japonicus Vuillefroy and Appasus major Esaki are aquatic hemipteran insects whose ranges overlap, particularly in the Japanese Archipelago and on the Korean Peninsula. In rare cases, the two species co‐occur. Furthermore, they are very similar ecologically and also morphologically, making their identification extremely difficult, and the possibility of hybridization has also been suggested. In the present study, we re‐examined their taxonomic validity, and the characteristics useful for identifying them. To re‐examine the morphological traits useful for distinguishing these two species, 222 specimens of A. japonicus collected from Japan, Korea, and China, and 132 specimens of A. major from Japan and Korea, were examined. We also performed molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the mitochondrial DNA 16S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) regions and the nuclear DNA Histone 3 region. Although the two species are very similar ecologically and also morphologically, they showed significant genetic differentiation. Thus, there is likely some form of reproductive isolation acting between them. Major morphological characteristics overlap extensively between A. japonicus and A. major, and no particular trait was identified as being effective for differentiating these species. All the morphological characteristics examined overlapped between A. japonicus and A. major. However, a principal component analysis based on all of the morphological characteristics revealed that, despite the overlap between these species, it was possible to morphologically distinguish them. Therefore, a more accurate identification becomes possible using multiple characteristics rather than a single characteristic. The male genital paralobes, evaluated as the most useful morphological characteristic, was effective with 100% probability for the Japanese Appasus species. However, for the Asian (i.e. Korean) specimens, this characteristic was not useful. On the other hand, the results of molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the mitochondrial DNA 16S rRNA and COI regions and the nuclear DNA Histone 3 region clearly showed significant genetic differentiation between the two species. Notably, the results for the mitochondrial COI region strongly supported the independence of each monophyletic group (i.e. validity of each species). Therefore, DNA barcoding based on the mitochondrial DNA COI region is also considered useful for the identification of A. japonicus and A. major. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 110 , 615–643.     

Instrumented Indentation Investigation on the Viscoelastic Properties of Porcine Cartilage

Articular cartilage lubricates the contact surfaces in human joints and provides a shock-absorbing effect which protects the joint under dynamic loading. However, this shock-absorbing effect is gradually reduced as the result of normal wear, tear and aging-related cartilage loss. Thus, with the increasing average human life expectancy, the issue of joint health has attracted significant interest in recent decades. In developing new materials for the repair or regeneration of damaged articular cartilage, it is essential that the difference in the mechanical properties of healthy and damaged cartilages is well-understood. In the present study, the hardness and Young＇s modulus of damaged and healthy porcine articular cartilage samples are evaluated via a quasi-static nanoindentation technique. A dynamic mechanical analysis method is then applied to determine the viscoelastic properties of the two samples. The results presented in this study provide a useful insight into the mechanical properties of articular cartilage at the mesoscale, and therefore fill an important gap in the literature.     

藜磷酸肌醇5-磷酸酶基因(CaP5P)的表达分析和胁迫响应检测

植物通过多种信号途径感知外界环境变化,从而引发一系列的信号级联反应,其中磷脂信号途径起着重要的作用。本研究从藜盐胁迫差减文库中获得了一个EST05序列,利用RT-PCR检测了其在非生物胁迫下表达趋势,显示EST05序列在非生物胁迫下的表达有升高。随后利用RACE技术获得其全长编码序列,测序结果显示其与蓖麻(Ricinus communis) 的磷酸肌醇5-磷酸酶基因(P5P)的同源性达56%,遂将其命名为CaP5P。最后过量表达CaP5P在拟南芥中初步验证了功能,转基因植株表现对盐胁迫耐受性降低的趋势,呈现负调控的特征。本研究对磷酸肌醇5-磷酸酶基因功能的初步研究为磷脂信号途径中负调控组分的分析提供了参考依据。