右美托咪定复合丙泊酚全麻在腰椎管减压、椎弓根钉内固定植骨、融合术中的应用

目的:观察右美托咪定复合丙泊酚全麻在腰椎管减压、椎弓根钉内固定植骨融合术中的应用价值。方法:将2015年7月至2019年8月于我院手术治疗84例腰椎退行性疾病患者按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组42例。观察组于麻醉诱导前静脉泵入0.5μg/kg右美托咪定并在术中以0.2μg/kg·h麻醉维持,对照组于麻醉诱导前静脉泵入生理盐水。对比两组麻醉诱导前(T0)、诱导后(T1)、插管后1 min(T2)和5 min(T3)、拔管1 min(T4)和5 min(T5)的心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)及舒张压(DBP)的数值,同时记录患者的手术时间、苏醒时间、瑞芬太尼用量及12 h内吗啡用量。比较各时间点VAS评分及不良反应的发生率。结果:与T0比较,两组患者T1时HR、SBP、DBP均显著降低(P<0.05),与T1比较,两组患者T2、T3和T4时HR、SBP、DBP均显著升高(P<0.05),观察组在T3、T4和T5时HR、SBP、DBP均显著降低(P<0.05)。观察组患者各时间点VAS评分及瑞芬太尼用量和24 h吗啡用量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),观察组患者不良反应发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:右美托咪定复合丙泊酚全麻能够维持术中血液动力学稳定,减少术中麻醉药物和术后镇痛药物用量,改善术后镇痛效果,且不良反应少。     

普外科患者术后切口感染病原菌分布情况及影响因素logistic回归分析

目的:探讨普外科患者术后切口感染的病原菌分布情况及影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2017年9月-2019年1月河北省秦皇岛市第一医院普通外科一病区接受手术治疗的150例患者的临床资料,术后发生切口感染的75例患者作为感染组,术后未发生切口感染的75例患者作为对照组,分析术后切口感染的病原菌分布情况,并比较两组患者的临床资料,对普外科患者术后切口感染的影响因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:感染组分离出病原菌75株,包括43株革兰阴性菌(57.33%)、28株革兰阳性菌(27.33%)、4株真菌(5.33%),经单因素分析显示,年龄、手术时间、有无合并糖尿病、有无植入性器械、住院时间与普外科患者术后切口感染有关(P0.05);经多因素Logistic分析显示,年龄≥60岁、合并糖尿病、手术时间≥2 h、有植入性器械、住院时间≥1月为普外科患者术后切口感染的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:普外科患者术后切口感染病原菌株以革兰阴性菌和革兰阳性菌为主,针对术后切口感染的危险因素实施干预措施,可以降低术后切口感染率,保证患者手术效果和改善预后。     

Microvascular decompression: salient surgical principles and technical nuances

Trigeminal neuralgia is a disorder associated with severe episodes of lancinating pain in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve. Previous reports indicate that 80-90% of cases are related to compression of the trigeminal nerve by an adjacent vessel. The majority of patients with trigeminal neuralgia eventually require surgical management in order to achieve remission of symptoms. Surgical options for management include ablative procedures (e.g., radiosurgery, percutaneous radiofrequency lesioning, balloon compression, glycerol rhizolysis, etc.) and microvascular decompression. Ablative procedures fail to address the root cause of the disorder and are less effective at preventing recurrence of symptoms over the long term than microvascular decompression. However, microvascular decompression is inherently more invasive than ablative procedures and is associated with increased surgical risks. Previous studies have demonstrated a correlation between surgeon experience and patient outcome in microvascular decompression. In this series of 59 patients operated on by two neurosurgeons (JSN and PEK) since 2006, 93% of patients demonstrated substantial improvement in their trigeminal neuralgia following the procedure--with follow-up ranging from 6 weeks to 2 years. Moreover, 41 of 66 patients (approximately 64%) have been entirely pain-free following the operation. In this publication, video format is utilized to review the microsurgical pathology of this disorder. Steps of the operative procedure are reviewed and salient principles and technical nuances useful in minimizing complications and maximizing efficacy are discussed.     

胃肠减压对胃癌患者远端胃切除术围手术期效果的影响

目的:探讨胃癌患者远端胃大部切除术后放置鼻胃管引流的短期效果。方法:选取我科从2010年9月1日到2013年3月1日间318例胃癌行远端胃切除的患者,随机分为术后留置鼻胃管(NGT组)或不留置组(no NGT组),比较两组间围手术期的短期效果。结果:158例患者纳入NGT组,而160例患者纳入no NGT组。两组间在术后腹胀、持续呕吐、吻合口瘘、发热、肺部感染、伤口感染的发生率上无统计学差异(P0.05)。进一步分析65例既往有腹部手术史的患者(NGT组34例vs no NGT组31例),NGT组腹胀发生率(5.88%vs 29.03%,P0.05)显著低于no NGT组。结论:对于胃癌患者行远端胃切除术后不推荐放置鼻胃管;而对于既往有腹部手术史的患者,术后放置胃管可以降低腹胀的发生。     

Effect of cell-free synchronous uterine flushings and microsurgery on the development of porcine embryos in vitro

Experiment I was designed to determine if cell-free synchronous uterine flushings contain an embryotoxic substance that is normally screened by the intact zona pellucida. Sixty 4-cell embryos were allocated to three treatment groups: 1) control embryos (n = 20) were cultured in Modified Kreb's Ringer Bicarbonate medium + 10% bovine calf serum (mKRB-BCS), 2) UF embryos (n = 20) were cultured in 80% mKRB-BCS + 20% sterile dialyzed uterine flushings (UF), 3) MicroUF embryos (n = 20) received a microsurgical incision in the zona pellucida and were cultured in 80% mKRB-BCS + 20% UF. Following 72 h in culture at 37 degrees C under a 90% N2, 5% CO2, and 5% O2 atmosphere, the number of nuclei/embryo and the incidence of protrusion of the trophoblast through the zona pellucida (PTZ) were recorded. Addition of UF had no effect on embryo development. A greater (P less than .005) proportion of MicroUF embryos exhibited PTZ as compared to UF and control embryos. Experiment II was devised to further characterize the occurrence of PTZ in Micro porcine embryos. Thirty-three 4- to 10-cell embryos and 14 morulae were distributed across two treatments: 1) control embryos (n = 16 and 6, respectively) were cultured as described in Experiment I; and 2) micro embryos were treated similarly to MicroUF embryos in Experiment I but were cultured in mKRB-BCS only. At the onset of PTZ, embryos were immediately fixed and examined. The proportion of embryos exhibiting PTZ was greater (P less than .007) for Micro versus control embryos.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effect of a Double Helical Spring Decompression Structure Backpack on the Lumbar Spine Biomechanics of School-Age Children: A Finite Element Study

Background: A children’s backpack is one of the important school supplies for school-age children. Long-term excessive weight can cause spinal deformity that cannot be reversed. This study compared a double helical spring decompression structure backpack (DHSB) with a traditional backpack (TB) to explore the optimization of decompression devices on upper body pressure. The finite element (FE) method was then used to explore the simulation of lumbar stress with different backpacks, in order to prove that DHSB can reduce the influence of backpack weight on lumbar vertebrae, avoid the occurrence of muscle discomfort and spinal deformity in children; Methods: 18 male children subjects (age: 12.5 ± 0.6 years; height: 145.5 ± 1.9 cm; bodyweight: 40.8 ± 3.1 kg) ran with DHSB and TB at a speed of 3.3 ± 0.2 m/s. Flexible pressure sensors were used to measure the pressure on the shoulder, back, and waist during running. The pressure data was then inputted into the FE model to simulate the effect of carrying different backpacks on the stress of the lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD); Result: There was a significant difference in shoulder and waist peak pressure between the DHSB and TB during the running posture. At a speed of 3.3 ± 0.2 m/s, the peak pressure of the shoulder and waist decreased. After finite element analysis, it was found that carrying DHSB on the back could effectively reduce the intervertebral disc pressure between L4-5 and L5-S1 by 27.9% and 34.1%, respectively; Conclusion: DHSB can effectively reduce the pressure on the shoulder and waist when children are running and can reduce the influence of backpacks on children’s posture to a certain extent. By finite element analysis, it is found that carrying DHSB can effectively reduce the stress of the lumbar intervertebral disc, and the damage to lumbar vertebrae is lower than with a TB.     

急性阑尾炎患者术后切口感染的病原菌分析及NLR、PCT、CRP联合检测的预测价值研究

摘要 目的：分析急性阑尾炎（AA）患者术后切口感染的病原菌并探讨中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、降钙素原（PCT）、C反应蛋白（CRP）联合检测的预测价值。方法：选取2020年1月～2022年9月青岛大学附属医院收治的379例接受腹腔镜或开腹手术的AA患者,根据是否发生术后切口感染分为感染组和非感染组,收集AA患者临床资料并检测NLR、PCT、CRP水平。分析术后切口感染AA患者病原菌分布情况,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析AA患者术后切口感染的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析NLR、PCT、CRP对AA患者术后切口感染的预测价值。结果：379例AA患者术后切口感染发生率为12.40%（47/379）,47例术后切口感染AA患者切口分泌物共检测出75株病原菌,革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌分别占比42.67%（32/75）、57.33%（43/75）。感染组NLR、PCT、CRP水平高于非感染组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁、病程≥24 h、阑尾化脓或坏疽及穿孔、开腹手术、留置引流管和血清NLR、PCT、CRP升高为AA患者术后切口感染的独立危险因素,预防性应用抗菌药物为其独立保护因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,NLR、PCT、CRP联合预测AA患者术后切口感染的曲线下面积大于NLR、PCT、CRP单独预测。结论：术后切口感染AA患者病原菌以革兰氏阴性菌为主,术前NLR、PCT、CRP水平升高与AA患者术后切口感染密切相关,三者联合预测AA患者术后切口感染的价值较高。     

髓芯减压联合干细胞移植治疗股骨头坏死患者的临床疗效及机制研究

目的:探讨采用髓芯减压与干细胞移植联合治疗股骨头坏死患者的临床疗效及可能机制。方法:选择我院确诊并治疗的股骨头患者76例作受试者,按随机数字表法分为两组,对照组38例采用干细胞移植治疗,治疗组38例在对照组基础上联合髓芯减压疗法。观察和比较两组患者的临床疗效、髋关节Harris评分及治疗前后血清PINP(Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端前肽)、CTX(Ⅰ型胶原C端肽)、OST(骨钙素)水平的变化情况。结果:治疗组总有效率及Harris评分均显著高于对照组(P0.05);治疗组患者血清PINP、CTX、OST水平较治疗前明显下降,并显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:髓芯减压与干细胞移植的联合应用可提高股骨头坏死患者的临床疗效和髋关节功能,可能与其降低患者血清PINP、CTX、OST水平有关。     

快速康复配合腹腔穿刺减压治疗胃粘膜下肿瘤术后气腹的效果观察

目的:探讨快速康复护理模式对行腹腔穿刺放气结合胃肠减压处理胃黏膜下肿瘤患者的术后气腹症状,为临床护理工作提供参考。方法:对我院2010年7月至2013年1月收治的43例的胃黏膜下肿瘤患者行EFR手术,对术中及术后各临床资料进行分析。结果:两组患者手术的基本情况无显著性差异(P0.05)。快速康复组患者术后恢复情况优于常规护理组,且术后并发症的发生率低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。快速康复组护理工作的落实率和患者治疗的依从性均明显优于常规护理组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:通过胃肠减压和腹腔穿刺放气能有效改善患者因术中胃壁全层切除产生胃壁穿孔而导致的术后气腹症状,全套操作及护理能够减少患者术后并发症、平均住院时间和平均住院花费,是一种安全有效的处理胃粘膜下肿瘤EFR术后气腹方法。     

妊娠期糖尿病患者剖宫产术后切口感染的影响因素及血清降钙素原、糖化血红蛋白对感染风险的预测价值研究

摘要 目的：分析妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）患者剖宫产术后切口感染的影响因素并探讨血清降钙素原（PCT）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）对感染风险的预测价值。方法：选取2020年1月～2022年1月我院收治的253例行剖宫产术的GDM患者,根据剖宫产术后是否发生切口感染分为感染组和非感染组。检测血清PCT、HbA1c水平,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析GDM患者剖宫产术后切口感染的影响因素,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清PCT和HbA1c对GDM患者剖宫产术后切口感染的预测价值。结果：253例GDM患者剖宫产术后切口感染发生率为15.02％（38/253）。单因素分析显示,感染组年龄≥35岁、手术时间≥1 h、术中出血量≥500 mL、肛检/阴检≥3次、羊水污染、胎膜早破、生殖道炎症比例和PCT、HbA1c高于非感染组,预防性使用抗菌药物比例低于非感染组（P均＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,手术时间≥1 h、肛检/阴检≥3次、羊水污染、胎膜早破、生殖道炎症、PCT升高、HbA1c升高为GDM患者剖宫产术后切口感染的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）,预防性使用抗菌药物为其独立保护因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,血清PCT和HbA1c单独与联合预测GDM患者剖宫产术后切口感染的曲线下面积分别为0.797、0.774、0.875。结论：手术时间、预防性使用抗菌药物、肛检/阴检、羊水污染、胎膜早破、生殖道炎症、PCT和HbA1c为GDM患者剖宫产术后切口感染的影响因素,术前血清PCT和HbA1c联合预测剖宫产术后切口感染的价值较高。