动情周期中大鼠输卵管与植物凝集素BS-1结合的糖蛋白的表达

目的初步鉴定大鼠输卵管中存在与植物凝集素BS-1结合的糖蛋白,并研究其在输卵管中的定位和不同动情周期中糖蛋白的表达变化.方法根据阴道涂片检查将大鼠分为:间情期(DE)组、动情前期(PE)组、动情期(E)组和动情后期(ME)组.用冰冻切片法、荧光组化技术和共聚焦显微镜技术观察大鼠输卵管中与BS-1结合糖蛋白的分布及表达变化.结果大鼠输卵管中存在与BS-1结合的糖蛋白,并呈节段性分布,即峡部＞壶腹部.动情周期中大鼠输卵管糖蛋白的表达:动情期＞动情前期＞动情后期＞间情期.结论大鼠输卵管与植物凝集素BS-1结合的糖蛋白在动情期(E)峡部上皮表达最明显,具有雌激素依赖性.     

应用PCR技术检测串珠镰刀菌

串珠镰刀菌(Fusarium moniliform)是一种危害严重、在世界各地广泛流行的植物病原真菌,当前对串珠镰刀菌的鉴定主要根据其菌丝体及再生菌丝的形态结构学特征及染病作物的病害症状来进行鉴定。这些鉴定方法相对简单并在很大程度上依赖于经验,受主观因素影响较大。采用串珠镰刀菌种特异性的寡聚核苷酸为引物,运用PCR技术对串珠镶刀菌进行检测是一种快速可靠的检测鉴定方法,它无需病原菌的分离培养纯化,能从感病的玉米组织中直接实现对串珠镰刀菌的快速检测。经对霉变玉米样品和玉米穗腐病组织的检测,证明该方法是一种快建、有效的方法,具有重要的实际应用价值。     

南药萝芙木的栽培与开发

本文介绍了萝芙木的利用现状及栽培技术,并对其开发利用提出建议.     

铜绿假单胞菌PA1550基因对泳动及蹭动的影响

[目的]:研究与铜绿假单胞菌运动能力相关的基因.[方法]:以一株临床分离的铜绿假单胞菌PA68做受体菌,应用人工Mu转座技术建立了库容为2000的突变子文库,从中筛选出泳动能力和蹭动能力丧失或减弱的突变子,通过基因克隆、测序,GenBankBLAST比对测序结果,互补基因表达确定与铜绿假单胞菌运动能力相关的基因.[结果]:突变子Y46在丧失了泳动运动能力的同时,蹭动能力也发生了减弱.在Y46突变子中,Mu转座子插入到功能完全未知的基因PA1550中.对极性效应及PA1550所在操纵子的分析表明,Mu转座子对插入点下游的基因的转录并不造成影响.[结论]:PA1550与铜绿假单胞菌的泳动及蹭动能力有关.     

3S技术在绿洲土地覆盖变化研究中的应用研究--以新疆于田绿洲为例

土地利用／覆盖变化（LUCC）是全球变化研究的重要核心问题之一,基于区域和地方尺度的绿洲土地覆盖变化信息的定量提取在干旱区生态环境演变研究中具有重要的价值,也是对全球变化研究的重要补充。选择干旱区典型绿洲新疆于田地区为研究靶区,利用2期不同时相的TM卫星影像,结合多年实地调查所获得的大量数据,根据当地实际情况,选择适宜的分类指标体系,利用遥感、全球定位系统以及地理信息系统技术（3S技术）对图像进行了综合技术处理,获得了较高精度的该区域绿洲LUCC不同类型分类精度统计以及土地利用／覆盖转换矩阵。在此基础上,对跨度近10年的于田绿洲LUCC时空变化格局进行了分析,提出了相应的生态环境改良措施,其方法和结论对塔里木盆地南缘绿洲地区生态环境改良及其可持续发展研究具有一定参考价值。     

Studies on zinc bioavailability from a representative diet in Chinese urban women of childbearing age using a double label stable isotope technique

The objectives of the study were to determine dietary zinc bioavailability by using a double label stable isotope technique, and to identify the zinc content and levels of some possible factors which may affect zinc utilization in a typical representative Chinese urban diet. Twenty urban women of childbearing age were fed a diet extrinsically labeled with 67Zn and received intravenous (i.v.) injections of 70Zn. Fecal monitoring, urine monitoring and chemical balance technique were used simultaneously for comparisons. Isotopic enrichment in feces and urine after oral and i.v. administration of stable zinc isotopes was measured to determine the ways of zinc absorption. The mean (+/-SD) zinc intake from the representative Chinese diet was 10.22+/-0.80 mg/day, which is lower than the reference nutrient intake (RNI) level (11.5 mg/day), and mainly came from the subsidiary foods (63%). The mean dietary Fe/Zn weight was 1.1+/-0.1. The phytate/zinc molar ratio in the diet was about 3:1. The phytic acidxCa/zinc molar ratio in the diet was about 45:1. The apparent and true absorption rates of 67Zn were 36.2+/-9.7% and 38.2+/-10.1%, respectively, which were higher than the apparent absorption determined by balance technique (29.7+/-10.6%). The mean fractional absorption (FA) determined in urine was 35.7+/-13.3. In conclusion, the subsidiary food is the main source of dietary zinc in this typical diet. The extrinsic labeling technique by use of stable isotopes was more reliable and accurate to determine zinc absorption. Moreover, the double isotopic tracer ratio (DITR) technique applied to urine samples was a more practical and valuable way to evaluate zinc absorption than other methods. It can be speculated that iron and phytic acid might not be the main inhibitors in the representative Chinese diet.     

The sterile insect technique and the Mediterranean fruit fly: assessing the utility of aromatherapy in large field enclosures

The sterile insect technique (SIT) is widely used in integrated programs against tephritid fruit flies, particularly the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae). Unfortunately, the mass‐rearing procedures inherent to the SIT often lead to a reduction in the male mating competitiveness. One potential solution involves the prerelease exposure of males to particular attractants. In particular, male exposure to ginger root oil [Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae); hereafter GRO], has been shown to increase mating success dramatically in field cage trials. To evaluate more rigorously the effectiveness of GRO exposure, we here describe two projects that compared levels of egg sterility or pupal yield, respectively, following the release of wild flies and either GRO‐exposed (treated) sterile males or GRO‐deprived (control) sterile males in large field enclosures. In both projects, sterile males from a genetic sexing strain were exposed as adults to GRO for 24 h while held in large storage boxes. In Hawaii, we dissected eggs from fruits to determine the percentage of egg hatch at four overflooding ratios, ranging from 5 : 1 to 60 : 1 (sterile : wild males), and found that, at all four ratios, the proportion of unhatched (sterile) eggs was significantly greater in enclosures containing GRO‐exposed males than control males. In Guatemala, we allowed larvae to develop in fruits and counted the number of pupae produced. At the only overflooding ratio tested (25 : 1), pupal yield was approximately 25% lower for enclosures containing GRO‐exposed males than control males, although this difference was not statistically significant. An explanation for the differing outcomes is proposed, and the implications of these findings for the SIT are discussed.     

植物功能基因组研究方法及进展

随着植物功能基因组研究的深入,T-DNA标签、转座子标签、反义RNA技术、基因敲除、基因陷阱和TILLING技术等多种研究方法获得了建立,并随着植物功能基因组学的不断发展而进一步完善.综述了各类研究方法的原理,并对这些方法的优缺点进行了比较与分析.     

用AFLP技术检测慢生型花生根瘤菌竞争结瘤的研究

以 5株慢生型花生根瘤菌和天府 3号花生为材料 ,用 AFLP技术研究了慢生型花生根瘤菌 Spr2 - 9、Spr3- 3、Spr3- 5、Spr4- 5和 Spr7- 1的遗传特性和竞争结瘤能力。结果显示 ,供试条件下 ,传代次数对菌株的遗传性状无明显影响 ,2 8℃培养条件下 ,花生根瘤菌连续传 96代 ,其 AFLP指纹未发生明显变化 ;37℃培养 ,仅 Spr3- 3和 Spr3- 5能够存活并正常生长 ,其 AFLP指纹也未发生明显改变 ,然而其它菌株不能生长。将供试慢生型花生根瘤菌分别接种天府 3号花生 ,光照培养 30 d后 ,随机各取 4个根瘤 ,从根瘤中提取类菌体 DNA进行 AFLP分析 ,各根瘤类菌体 DNA的 AFLP指纹图谱与该菌株纯培养物 AFLP指纹相同。将 5个菌株混合接种天府 3号花生 ,不同菌株的占瘤率存在差异 ,Spr3- 3和 Spr3- 5的竞争结瘤能力最强 ,两菌株的占瘤率之和为 85.4% ;Spr4- 5的占瘤率为 1 2 .2 % ;Spr7- 1为 2 .4% ;而 Spr2 - 9的竞争结瘤能力最差。本试验结果说明 ,AFLP技术用于根瘤菌生态和竞争结瘤能力研究 ,具有下列优点 :简易、快速、准确 ;直接取豆科植物的根瘤提取 DNA,进行原位研究 ;在不改变菌株遗传特性 ,即不使用突变株的前提下 ,可以直接测定已知菌株的竞争结瘤能力     

高活性F1-ATP酶单分子旋转初步观察

从基因突变的F₁-ATP酶（基因突变质粒,α-C193S, γ-S107C,β亚基带有10个组氨酸标记（His-Tag）,转入到菌株大肠杆菌JM103）的菌株中筛选出一高表达菌株.该菌株表达的F₁-ATP酶经纯化后其水解活性明显高于文献值. 从单分子水平上进行观察,发现在水解ATP过程中,γ亚基上连接的荧光标记蛋白微丝,其旋转速度要比文献中同样条件下快约一倍.