尿道下裂不同术式疗效的比较

目的：探讨不同手术方式对尿道下裂的临床疗效。方法：对我院收治的尿道下裂患者根据其不同手术方式将其分为A组、B组以及C组,其中A组采用Ducker术进行治疗,B组采用Snodgrass术进行治疗,C组患者采用阴囊中线皮肤岛状皮瓣法进行治疗。结果：A、B两组患者手术成功率比较无统计学差异性（P〉0．05）;阴囊中线皮肤岛状皮辫法术其出现并发症的机会明显低于其他两组（P〈0．05）。结论：不同术式对尿道下裂进行治疗,各术式各具有点,在临床运用中应当考虑患者的综合情况进行制定相应的手术方式进行治疗,从而有效改善患者预后。     

改良带蒂胸大肌肌皮瓣修复口腔颌面肿瘤术后缺损的临床分析

目的:探讨只带血管蒂的改良胸大肌皮瓣转移修复口腔颌面部组织缺损的临床效果。方法:取胸大肌皮瓣时蒂部只保留血管,利用改良只带血管蒂的胸大肌皮瓣对6例不同口腔颌面部组织缺损进行修复,包括舌癌3例、舌咽癌1例、牙龈癌1例、颊癌1例。结果:术后皮瓣血供良好,完整成活,成活率100%;所有患者获得3~18个月随访,在随访期内均存活;重建的舌外形良好,虽然味觉功能无法恢复,运动功能随切除范围增加而降低,但均能满足发音、吞咽和咀嚼功能需要。结论:只带血管蒂的改良胸大肌皮瓣是修复口腔颌面部组织缺损有效而可靠的方法,为恶性肿瘤根治术后造成的缺损提供了有力修复保障。     

胫后动脉穿支皮瓣与吻合皮下静脉的带蒂皮瓣对四肢皮肤及软组织缺损的应用效果对比

摘要 目的：对比胫后动脉穿支皮瓣与吻合皮下静脉的带蒂皮瓣对四肢皮肤及软组织缺损的应用效果。方法：选取2017年3月到2022年3月68例四肢皮肤及软组织缺损患者,各组均为34例。所有患者均采取皮瓣修复手术,对照组患者采取胫后动脉穿支皮瓣治疗,观察组采取吻合皮下静脉的带蒂皮瓣治疗。对比临床疗效,术中出血量、等指标,最后对两组患者进行1年随访,对比其并发症发生率及1年内术后二次修复情况。结果：观察组治疗总有效率较对照组高（P＜0.05）;两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、术后VAS评分对比无明显差异,观察组住院时间、创面愈合时间明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组患者术后感觉功能恢复S3级、S2级、S1级、S0级人数对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）,观察组术后感觉功能恢复S4级人数明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）;与对照组相比,观察组出现的并发症发生率、术后二次修复率低（P＜0.05）。结论：吻合皮下静脉的带蒂皮瓣修复与胫后动脉穿支皮瓣修复术相比可进一步改善疗效,缩短住院时间,有利于创面愈合、感觉功能恢复,降低远期并发症发生率及术后二次修复率,值得临床应用推广。     

Angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of azadirachtin A improve random skin flap survival in rats

Random skin flaps are widely used to repair tissue defects. However, the distal flap regions are prone to ischemic necrosis, limiting clinical applications. Azadirachtin A, a fruit extract from the neem, improves tissue blood supply and metabolism, reduces cell swelling, promotes tissue healing, and prevents venous thrombosis. We explored whether it enhances random skin flap survival. Fifty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, low-dose, and high-dose Azadirachtin A-treated groups using a random number table. We used an improved version of the McFarlane technique to create flaps. On day 2, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels were measured. Tissue slices prepared on day 7 were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were immunohistochemically assayed. Microcirculatory blood flow was measured via laser Doppler blood flowmetry. Flap angiography was performed using the lead-oxide gelatin injection technique. And the azadirachtin A groups exhibited a greater mean flap survival area, an improved mean blood vessel density, a greater blood flow, and higher superoxide dismutase and VEGF levels, especially at the high dose. Azadirachtin A markedly reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, TLR4, and NF-kB. These findings suggest that azadirachtin A promotes random skin flap survival by improving the blood supply, reducing tissue inflammation, and inhibiting flap ischemia reperfusion injury.     

The length of Ostertagia ostertagi in populations of uniform age

Michel J. F., Lancaster M. B. and Hong C. 1978. The length of Ostertagia ostertagi in populations of uniform age. International Journal for Parasitology8: 437–441. The conclusion that, in calves exposed to daily infection with larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi, adult worms are constantly lost and replaced was based, in part, on the observation that the length of the worms present decreased with time. The underlying assumption that worms do not shrink was examined in an experiment in which groups of calves received 8300, 25,000 and 75,000 larvae respectively in a single occasion and were killed at various times between the 20th and 132nd day thereafter.The length of the worms was inversely related to the initial worm burden but as worm burdens declined the worms did not grow. Instead, in the groups that received 25,000 and 75,000 larvae, decreases in worm length of 7% and 8% respectively were seen when most of the worms had been lost. Although it appears very probable that this was due to the more rapid loss of large worms than of small, the point could not be conclusively demonstrated.     

The effect of genetic factors on the vulval flap of Ostertagia ostertagi.

Michel J. F., Lancaster M. B. &; Hong C. 1976. The effect of genetic factors on the vulval flap of Ostertagia ostertagi. International Journal for Parasitology6: 83–86. Ostertagia ostertagi, selected according to the form of the vulval flap, were implanted into calves and larvae cultured from the faeces. Larvae obtained in this way were administered to groups of susceptible calves and to groups of calves sensitized by previous infection. Examination of worms recovered post mortem showed that the incidence of worms with reduced flaps was smaller among the progeny of worms with fully developed flaps than among the progeny of worms in which the flap was greatly reduced or absent. This difference was, however, much smaller than that between the worms from sensitized and from susceptible calves.     

Human exonuclease 1 (EXO1) activity characterization and its function on flap structures

Human exonuclease 1 (EXO1) is involved in multiple DNA metabolism processes, including DNA repair and replication. Most of the fundamental roles of EXO1 have been described in yeast. Here, we report a biochemical characterization of human full-length EXO1. Prior to assay EXO1 on different DNA flap structures, we determined factors essential for the thermodynamic stability of EXO1. We show that enzymatic activity and stability of EXO1 on DNA is modulated by temperature. By characterization of EXO1 flap activity using various DNA flap substrates, we show that EXO1 has a strong capacity for degrading double stranded DNA and has a modest endonuclease or 5′ flap activity. Furthermore, we report novel mechanistic insights into the processing of flap structures, showing that EXO1 preferentially cleaves one nucleotide inwards in a double stranded region of a forked and nicked DNA flap substrates, suggesting a possible role of EXO1 in strand displacement.     

Frostbite: Current status and advancements in therapeutics

Frostbite is a severe ischemic injury which occurs due to the tissue vascular damage after sub-zero temperature tissue exposure. Deep frostbite can result in necrosis and may need amputation of affected tissue. Though a serious injury, it is not very well understood, and further scientific exploration is needed. This work explores the current understanding of the pathophysiology of frostbite. We reviewed the current status of the diagnostics, the drugs, the therapies and the surgical practices for prevention and management of frostbite. Advances in nanotechnology and drug delivery had improved the therapeutic outcomes significantly. This review also explored the latest advancements and researches done for development of newer therapeutics and diagnostics for frostbite care.     

Effects of human adipose-derived stem cells on the viability of rabbit random pattern flaps

Background aimsFlap necrosis is the most commonly encountered outcome influencing the effect of operations in clinical practice. The advent of cytotherapy and regenerative medicine with stem cells, especially adipose-derived stem cell therapy, appears to be a promising approach in providing multi-lineage differentiating cells. However, autologous stem cells are limited in both quantity and quality in aging individuals. Hence, xenogenic stem cell therapy was used in this study.MethodsRandom pattern flaps (6 cm × 2 cm) were prepared in a rabbit model transplanted either with 4 × 10⁵ human adipose-derived stem cells at five sites or equal volumes of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. At 7 days after operation, the viability of the flaps from both groups was evaluated. We determined the numbers of locally infiltrating T cells, whereas the CD4/CD8 ratio, interferon, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and IL-10 in the serum were determined to evaluate the immunological response of the rabbit. Moreover, Dil labeling was administrated to trace the homing of the transplanted stem cells.ResultsBoth the survival areas and the capillary number of the flaps that were injected with human adipose-derived stem cells significantly increased as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, no significant difference in the immune response was detected between the groups. Dil-labeled stem cells were found to participate in the formation of tubular structures, which were further shown to be CD31+, although not predominantly.ConclusionsHuman adipose-derived stem cells could be used therapeutically to improve the viability of random pattern flaps without detection of serious immune rejection of stem cells.