Shoots from MM. 106 apple rootstocks grown in a polythene tunnel do not contain a higher IAA concentration than shoots from field-grown plants

MM. 106 apple rootstock plants grown in a polythene tunnel show greater apical dominance and a higher propensity to root as cuttings than plants grown in the field. Experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that the growth habit and rooting behaviour of polythene tunnel plants were caused by increased concentrations of idole-3yl-acetic acid. Cuttings taken from field-grown plants which had been sprayed with IAA showed increased rooting. In shoots of both field-grown and polythene tunnel-grown plants endogenous IAA levels were highest in the upper shoot region and declined progressively with distance from the apex. Plants grown in the polythene tunnel, however, did not contain significantly higher IAA levels than field plants. The analytical data do not support the hypothesis that the growth and rooting behaviour of plants grown in a polythene tunnel were caused by increased concentrations of IAA.Abbreviations IAA indol-3yl-acetic acid     

烯效唑对水稻幼苗内源IAA含量的影响

研究了烯效唑对3~H-IAA色氨酸合成3~H-IAA的效率及对IAA氧化酶活性的影响,以探讨烯效唑延缓植物生长的作用机理。结果表明,烯效唑对水稻(Oryza sativa L.)幼苗生长的控制效应与其降低内源IAA含量有关,烯效唑浸种处理降低水稻幼苗内源IAA含量有两条途径,其一是提高水稻幼苗IAA氧化酶活性,增强内源IAA的氧化;其二是阻抑内源IAA的合成。烯效唑除阻抑内源赤霉素的生物合成而延缓作物生长外,通过降低内源IAA水平也可能是其延缓作物生长的一个原因。     

几种抑制剂对钾和IAA诱导的离体黄瓜子叶不定根形成的影响

应用离体黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)子叶生根试法测定了几种抑制剂对钾和IAA诱导生根的影响。实验结果表明:7×10~(-4)～7×10~(-1)mmol/L的5-氟尿嘧啶和3.5×10~(-4)～1.05×10~(-2)mmoL/L的环已亚胺明显抑制钾和IAA诱导的离体黄瓜子叶的生根;0.1～1.0mmol/L的钒酸钠显著抑制钾和IAA诱导的离体黄瓜子叶的生根;2×10~(-4)～2×10~(-1)mmol/L的2,3,5-三碘苯甲酸也明显抑制钾和IAA诱导的离体黄瓜子叶的生根。钾诱导的生根与IAA诱导的生根密切相关,有可能钾对生根的促进作用是通过影响内源IAA的水平而实现的。     

Immuno-gold localization of IAA in leaf cells of Prunus persica at different stages of development

Subcellular localization of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in leaf cells of peach ( Prunus persica [L.] Batsch 'Hakuho') was investigated using imuno-gold electron microscopy. The distribution pattern of the gold particles, which detected IAA, changed as cells matured. The most prominent feature was the accumulation of the gold label in the chloroplasts and mitochondria of the parenchyma cells of opened leaves. Throughout the development, the cytosol, nuclei, and cell wall were labelled, although the level was low and no significant changes occurred. The density of colloidal gold at each stage of leaf development was well correlated with the analytical data obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).     

Effect of exogenous hormones on leaf yellowing in cut flowering branches of Alstroemeria pelegrina L.

Inclusion of IAA in the vase water had little effect on leaf yellowing in cut flowering branches of Alstroemeria pelegrina L. while kinetin delayed leaf yellowing at 10^–4M (continuous treatment). Chlorophyll was effectively retained by 10^–7M gibberellic acid (GA) in the vase water or by a 20h pulse at 5°C with 10^–5/10^–4M GA. After 16h of ¹⁴C-GA₃ uptake at 20°C relatively high levels of ¹⁴C were found in leaves and low levels in stems and flowers. After this treatment about half of the ¹⁴C-GA₃ in leaves was metabolized into unknown compounds.     

Identification of the metabolites of Indole-3-acetic acid in growing hypocotyls of Lupinus albus

The products of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) metabolism by incubating hypocotyl sections and decapitated seedlings of Lupinus albus were investigated. Single treatments using [1-¹⁴C]-IAA, [2-¹⁴C]-IAA or [5-³H]-IAA and double treatments using [1-¹⁴C]-IAA+[5-³H]-IAA were carried out. Extracts from treated plant material were analyzed by paper chromatography (PC), Thin layer chromatography (TLC), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). When hypocotyl sections were incubated in [2-¹⁴C]-IAA, several IAA decarboxylation products including indole-3-aldehyde (IA1), indole-3-methanol (IM), 3-hydroxymethyloxindole (HMOx), methyleneoxindole (MOx) and 3,3-bisindolylmethane (BIM) were detected in the 95% ethanol extract; a latter extraction with 1M NaOH rendered IAA, IM and BIM, suggesting that conjugated auxins were formed in addition to conjugated IM. In sections incubated with [1-¹⁴C]-IAA, the 1M NaOH extraction also produced IAA so confirming the formation of conjugated auxins. The same decarboxylation products and two conjugated auxins, indole-3-acetylaspartic acid (IAAsp) and 1-O-(indole-3-acetyl)--D-glucose (IAGlu), were detected in the acetonitrile extracts from decapitated seedlings treated with [5-³H]-IAA. After a double isotope treatment ([1-¹⁴C]-IAA+[5-³H]-IAA) of decapitated seedlings, the ratio ¹⁴C/³H measured in the HPLC fractions of the acetonitrile extracts confirmed the presence of decarboxylation products as well as conjugated auxins.     

Auxin transport and the regulation of petiole abscission in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.): A comparison of indol-3yl-acetic acid and phenylacetic acid

Distal applications of indol-3yl-acetic acid (IAA) to debladed cotyledonary petioles of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings greatly delayed petiole abscission, but similar applications of phenylacetic acid (PAA) slightly accelerated abscission compared with untreated controls. Both compounds prevented abscission for at least 91 h when applied directly to the abscission zone at the base of the petiole. The contrasting effects of distal IAA and PAA on abscission were correlated with their polar transport behaviour-[1-¹⁴C]IAA underwent typical polar (basipetal) transport through isolated 30 mm petiole segments, but only a weak diffusive movement of [1-¹⁴C]PAA occurred.Removal of the shoot tip substantially delayed abscission of subtending debladed cotyledonary petioles. The promotive effect of the shoot tip on petiole abscission could be replaced in decapitated shoots by applications of either IAA or PAA to the cut surface of the stem. Following the application of [1-¹⁴C]IAA or [1-¹⁴C]PAA to the cut surface of decapitated shoots, only IAA was transported basipetally through the stem. Proximal applications of either compound stimulated the acropetal transport of [¹⁴C]sucrose applied to a subtending intact cotyledonary leaf and caused label to accumulate at the shoot tip. However, PAA was considerably less active than IAA in this response.It is concluded that whilst the inhibition of petiole abscission by distal auxin is mediated by effects of auxin in cells of the abscission zone itself, the promotion of abscission by the shoot tip (or by proximal exogenous auxin) is a remote effect which does not require basipetal auxin transport to the abscission zone. Possible mechanisms to explain this indirect effect of proximal auxin on abscission are discussed.     

Ectomycorrhiza and nitrogen effects on root IAA: results contrary to current theory

Summary Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentrations of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Scots pine roots under moderate and high-nitrogen nutrition were assayed using mass spectrometry with an internal standard. Contrary to current theory, IAA was lower in mycorrhizal roots than in the controls, and higher during highnitrogen nutrition.     

农垦58s育性转换与吲哚乙酸氧化酶和过氧化物酶的关系

本文报道了农垦58s和农垦58幼穗发育期长短日下吲哚乙酸氧化酶和过氧化物酶的活性变化。结果表明:58s LD叶片中吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性从花粉母细胞形成期至花粉内容物充实期显著低于58s SD,与游离IAA的积累密切相关,可能影响花粉育性;但过氧化物酶的活性在上述时期显著高于58s SD,与游离IAA的积累无关,其作用尚不清楚。58s LD幼穗及花药中两酶活性在减数分裂期和花粉内容物充实期均较58s SD高,与同期幼穗及花药中游离IAA的亏缺有一定联系,从而可能在一定程度上影响花粉育性。对照农垦58叶片和幼穗及花药中两酶活性变化都不呈现上述现象。