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111.
It is known that few wheat cultivars maintain their resistance to rust diseases for a long period of time, particularly when crop populations become genetically more uniform. A number of genetically diverse, so far unexploited, sources of rust resistance in the natural as well as mutagenized population of wheat cultivars were identified. Several of these genes were placed in agronomically superior well-adapted backgrounds so that they could be used as pre-breeding stocks for introducing genetic diversity for resistance in a crop population. Some of these stocks when employed as parents in several cross combinations in a breeding programme have generated a number of promising cultivars with diversity for resistance.Many presently grown wheats in India, near-isogenic lines each with Lr14b, Lr14ab, Lr30 and certain international cultivars were identified as possessing diverse sources of adult plant resistance (APR) to leaf rust. Prolonged leaf rust resistance in some of the Indian cultivars was attributed to the likely presence of Lr34 either alone or in combination with other APR components. Tests of allelism carried out in certain cultivars that continue to show adequate levels of field resistance confirm the presence of Lr34, which explains the role that this gene has played in imparting durability for resistance to leaf rust. Also, Lr34 in combination with other APR components increases the levels of resistance, which suggests that combination of certain APR components should be another important strategy for breeding cultivars conferring durable and adequate levels of resistance. A new adult plant leaf rust resistance source that seems to be associated with durability in Arjun has been postulated. Likewise, cultivars possessing Sr2 in combination with certain other specific genes have maintained resistance to stem rust.Further, non-specific resistances that were transferred across widely different genotypes into two of the popular Indian wheats provided easily usable materials to the national breeding programmes for imparting durable resistance to stripe rust. 相似文献
112.
Peeter Kangur 《Hydrobiologia》1996,338(1-3):173-177
The population of bream in L. Peipsi was studied with respect to age, growth rate, condition factor (according to Fulton) and length-weight relationship in 1994. That autumn the bream population in L. Peipsi consisted of fishes aged from 0+ to 15+. During the first year bream reached an average body length of 7.9 cm (the commercial legal size (30 cm) was usually attained by the end of the 5th–6th year. The condition of bream in this lake was above the average of Estonian lakes. The relatively good growth rate and condition of bream in the lake indicates that the waterbody is appropriate for this fish. 相似文献
113.
Shigenori Goto Sumitaka Sakai Jiro Kera Yukie Suma Gen-Ichiro Soma Shoshichi Takeuchi 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1996,42(4):255-261
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been recognized as a potent antitumor agent in animal tumor models; however, its use in human
cancer therapy has been limited to only one trial, in which LPS from Salmonella was given intravenously. It was not very successful because of poor tumor response and was also toxic. We originally developed
LPS prepared from Pantoea agglomerans (LPSp), and this was a well-purified, small-molecular-mass (5 kDa) agent. We chose intradermal rather than intravenous administration
in the hope that the former would release LPS slowly into the bloodstream, and thus be less toxic while preserving antitumor
activity. In our animal tumor models, intradermal administration was indeed less toxic and more beneficial for tumor regression
than intravenous administration. We made a pilot study with intradermal administration of LPSp on the treatment of ten advanced
cancer patients. Five of them had evaluable tumor, which had failed earlier to respond to conventional chemotherapy. Cyclophosphamide
was also administered in this trial, in anticipation of its synergistic effect with LPSp. In this study LPSp was injected
intradermally into each patient twice a week, starting with an initial dose of 0.4 ng/kg, and raising it to 600 or 1800 ng/kg.
A 400-mg/m2 dose of cyclophosphamide was given intravenously every 2 weeks. After completion of the dose escalation, the treatment was
continued for at least 4 months, and it was found that 1800 ng/kg LPSp was well tolerated. A significant level of cytokines
was observed in the sera for at least 8 h. These results indicate higher tolerable doses and remarkably more continuous induction
of the cytokines than were reported in a previous study by others using intravenous administration. Three of the five evaluable
tumors showed a significant response to our combined therapy. Intradermally administered, LPS was less toxic and elicited
a tumor response in combination with cyclophosphamide; it can thus can be applied to cancer treatment even in humans.
Received: 3 August 1995 / Accepted: 2 April 1996 相似文献
114.
Long- and short-term changes in plant growth following simulated herbivory: adaptive responses to damage? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
ANDREW FOGGO 《Ecological Entomology》1996,21(2):198-202
115.
Susumu Kimura 《Microbiology and immunology》1996,40(9):645-650
Reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) occurred rapidly in cells of latently infected adult mouse trigeminal ganglia which were cultured in serum-free medium in the presence of sufficient nerve growth factor (NGF). However, HSV-1 reactivation was delayed significantly in ganglionic cultures in the absence of exogenous NGF or in cultures treated with 2-aminopurine in the presence of NGF. The delayed viral reactivation in ganglionic cultures without NGF was accelerated by treatment with phorbol myristate acetate or dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Culture conditions which affected HSV-1 reactivation did not affect replication of HSV-1 in normal ganglionic cultures. 相似文献
116.
117.
Michael J. Stout Kathi V. Workman Jeffrey S. Workman Sean S. Duffey 《Biochemical Systematics and Ecology》1996,24(7-8):611-625
Damage to foliage of the tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum, causes the induction of proteinase inhibitors and of the oxidative enzymes polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, and lipoxygenase. The time courses of induction of these proteins by feeding of two caterpillar species (Manduca sexta and Helicoverpa zea) were studied in a series of experiments. In another series of experiments, the effects of plant age on the inducibility of these proteins were studied. In the time course experiments, induction of proteinase inhibitors and oxidative enzymes in the damaged leaflet was rapid, with higher protein activities evident in damaged leaflets within 12–24 h of damage, depending on the enzyme and the species of insect used to damage the plant. Systemic induction of proteinase inhibitors was also rapid, but systemic induction of polyphenol oxidase was delayed relative to systemic induction of proteinase inhibitors, possibly because high constitutive polyphenol oxidase activities obscured expression of systemic induction at earlier time points. Lipoxygenase and peroxidase were not induced systemically. Induction of all proteins persisted for at least 21 days. In the phenology experiments, inducibility of all proteins decreased in magnitude and was less consistent as plants aged. The results of these experiments exemplify the numerous constraints on induction in tomato plants. Knowledge of these physiological constraints is important to an understanding of the ecological role and causal basis of induced resistance. 相似文献
118.
超结瘤大豆(Glycine m ax (L.) Merr.) nts 382 和不结瘤大豆Nod 49 的叶和根组织水提取物经Sephadex G25 过滤、洗脱,再根据洗脱物对硝酸还原酶(NR)活性的影响可划分为4 个组分(fraction)样品,即nts 382(Nod 49) F1、nts 382(Nod 49) F2、nts 382(Nod 49) F3 和nts 382(Nod 49) F4。其中, nts382 F2 和F4 抑制NR 活性作用在接种USDA110 后明显下降, 但接种的nts 382 F2 却能提高大豆Bragg 的结瘤数达一倍, 而接种的nts 382 F3 和F4 的作用不明显。NR 活性抑制因子不是刺激结瘤的因子, 刺激结瘤的因子主要分布在接种的nts382 F2 部分中。与这一现象相反, Nod 49 F2 和F4 抑制NR活性的作用在接种后更强, 且也抑制大豆nts 382 的结瘤, 其中Nod 49 F4 抑制结瘤的作用基本不能逆转。抑制结瘤因子主要分布在接过种的Nod 49 F4 部分中 相似文献
119.
细胞外Ca^2+内流入胞质的机制 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
细胞外Ca^2+主要是通过塌压依赖性Ca^2+通道和钙池耗竭依赖性Ca^2+通道而内流的。前者主要见于电兴奋细胞,这一过程比较清楚;后者主要见非兴奋细胞,情况远较复杂:外来信号激活内贮钙池,钙池在释放Ca^2+同时通过目前尚不清楚的途径将直接或间接传至质膜Ca^2+通道,而诱发Ca^2+内流。 相似文献
120.
Paracrine functions of the coronary vascular endothelium 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Ingrid Fleming Johann Bauersachs Rudi Busse 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1996,157(1-2):137-145