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31.
Brain Quinolinic Acid in Chronic Experimental Hepatic Encephalopathy: Effects of an Exogenous Ammonium Acetate Challenge 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Peter B. F. Bergqvist Melvyn P. Heyes †Mogens Bugge Finn Bengtsson 《Journal of neurochemistry》1995,65(5):2235-2240
Abstract: Elevated brain concentrations of the neurotoxin and NMDA receptor agonist quinolinic acid (QUIN) have been demonstrated in portacaval-shunted (PCS) rats, a chronic hepatic encephalopathy (HE) model. Increased brain QUIN levels have also been shown in acute hyperammonemic rats. In the present study, the plasma and brain (neocortical) QUIN levels in chronic PCS rats were investigated. The study also included a single exogenous ammonium acetate (NH4 Ac; 5.2 mmol/kg, i.p.) challenge to precipitate a reversible hepatic coma. Compared with sham-operated controls, chronic PCS rats exhibited decreased rather than increased plasma and brain QUIN levels. The plasma-to-brain QUIN ratio was not found to be altered. The NH4 Ac administration induced coma in all of the PCS rats 20–25 min after the challenge, and this coma was resolved within 60–75 min. No relevant temporal relationship between changes in brain QUIN levels and the neurological status in the PCS rats was observed. Therefore, our results do not support the contention that increased brain QUIN levels per se are involved in the pathogenesis of HE. 相似文献
32.
Summary In the present study the binding of [3H]MK-801 to glutamatergic receptors of the NMDA type was compared in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive (WKY) rats in various brain structures (including nucleus tractus solitarii) by quantitative receptor autoradiography. Additionally, blood pressure changes after treatment with the NMDA antagonist MK-801 were studied in both strains. There were no differences between SHR and WKY rats either in the level of [3H]MK-801 binding or in the hypertensive reaction to MK-801. 相似文献
33.
D. W. DUSZYNSKI S. A. ROY J. STEWERT G. A. CASTRO 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》1978,25(3):370-374
SYNOPSIS. Experiments were designed to test whether or not intestinal transit time increases significantly during severe coccidiosis in the rat. Intraduodenal catheters were surgically implanted into 25 rats. Six to 12 days after surgery 11 rats were inoculated orally with 104 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria nieschulzi Dieben, and 11 were inoculated with 106 oocysts; 3 rats were retained as uninfected controls. At 2, 4, 8, 9, and 16 days postinoculation (PI) Na251CrO4 was injected through the catheter into the duodenum of fasted rats and allowed to progress through the small bowel for 15 min, at which time the rats were killed. The distribution of 51Cr in the gut was plotted as a function of gut length. The leading edge of radioactivity traversed 70% of the gut length in controls, and ~ 50–60% in parasitized rats on days 2, 4, 8, and 9 PI. Also, a reflux of gut contents, as evidenced by radioactivity in the stomach, occurred early (PI days 2 & 4) in rats infected with 104 oocysts and throughout patency in rats infected with 106 oocysts. A 2nd study was undertaken to determine if chemically induced suppression of gut transit time during early infection would enhance infectivity as measured by increased parasite fecundity. Nine rats were injected subcutaneously with an antidiarrheal agent, Loperamide®, known to slow small bowel motility significantly. Another group of 9 control rats was injected with the ethanol-propylene glycol solvent. Ten min after injection, all rats were inoculated per os with 104E. nieschulzi oocysts. The daily number of oocysts discharged/rat was followed from PI days 5–11. Patency began for all rats on PI day 7. The total number of oocysts discharged by the drugged rats as compared with controls was not significantly different. 相似文献
34.
-Yong W. K. and Dobson C. 1982. The passive transfer of proctective immunity against Angiostrongylus cantonensis with immune lymph node cells from different lymphoid tissues in rats. International Journal for Parasitology12: 423–425. Lymph node cells from the posterior cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes of immune rats passively protected syngeneic recipient rats against Angiostrongylus cantonensis better than cells from the spleen, thymic and inguinal lymph nodes either as reduced worms burdens and/or stunted growth. No antibody was detected in the sera of recipient rats after transfer of the cells and before infection which suggested that the protection was cell- rather than antibody-mediated. 相似文献
35.
The incorporation of3H-thymidine into DNA in the brains of the 17-day and 20-day old rat fetuses was significantly reduced by maternal zinc restriction
during pregnancy. The activity of the enzyme thymidine kinase (EC 2.7.1.21) was similarly reduced in the zine-deprived fetal
brains on days 14 and 20 of gestation, but not on day 17. Fetal brain alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) was significantly
depressed by maternal zinc deprivation on days 17 and 20 of pregnancy.
The data suggest an association between thymidine kinase and the reduced incorporation of3H-thymidine into DNA in the brains of 20-day old fetuses but not in animals on day 17. Alkaline phosphatase was however depressed
at this stage.
The suggestion is made that because of the complexity of brain development, future biochemical studies in this area should
concern specific structures in the brain at particular critical stages during neurogenesis. 相似文献
36.
The degenerative changes in the spermatids as measured by changes in fine structure abnormalities increased with time following
injection of Cd2+ into rat testis. The spermatids in the twelve hours group appear as peculiarly club shaped and elongated structures with
one or two small but perceptible vacuoles. The subacrosomal area and the space between the nucleus and the middle piece are
seen abnormally dilated. In the 30 day group, the central filaments are the most susceptible unit of 9+2 axoneme complex.
The plasma membrane, the cytoplasmic matrix, the mitochondria of the middle piece and the fibrous sheath appear shrunken,
discontinuous and degenerative. 相似文献
37.
A. L. Goldstein J. E. Palmer P. R. Johnson 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1981,17(8):651-655
Summary Primary fetal hepatocytes derived from Zucker rats with expectedfa gene frequencies of 0.0 and 0.75 have been established and can be used to detect early effects of thefa gene on hepatocellular metabolism. Paired incubation experiments demonstrate that protein synthesis in 0.75fa gene cultures is significantly less than in 0.0fa gene cultures under basal conditions. Insulin stimulates protein synthesis in 0.0fa gene cultures but has no effect on 0.75fa gene cultures. Cycloheximide inhibits protein synthesis in both types of culture. NH4Cl inhibits protein synthesis in 0.0 but not in 0.75fa gene cultures. These data suggest that fetal hepatocytes bearing thefa gene have in vitro a generally sluggish anabolic capacity and a blunted capacity to respond to insulin compared to fetal
hepatocytes without thefa gene. These diminished capacities may be expressions of a genetic error in lysosomal function.
A portion of this work was presented in preliminary form at the 1980 meeting of the Tissue Culture Association.
This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grants AM19382 and AM06197. 相似文献
38.
R. J. Smialowicz C. M. Weil P. Marsh M. M. Riddle R. R. Rogers B. F. Rehnberg 《Bioelectromagnetics》1981,2(3):279-284
Rats (N = 16) exposed individually in circularly polarized waveguides to 970-MHz electromagnetic radiation (SAR=2.5 mW/g, 22 h daily for 70 consecutive days) had significantly higher serum levels of triglycerides, albumin, and total protein compared with sham-irradiated controls. No difference was observed in the weights, hematologic profile, or in vitro lymphocyte responses to mitogens between these two groups. The higher serum levels of triglycerides in radiofrequency-radiation-exposed rats suggest a non-specific stress reaction. 相似文献
39.
M. Sandier Anna Przyborowska J. Halket P. Watkins Vivette Glover Marie E. Coates 《Journal of neurochemistry》1991,57(3):1074-1075
Germ-free rats excreted considerably smaller amounts of the monoamine oxidase-inhibiting compound isatin than the substantially larger output by conventional animals of the same strain, although concentrations in brain and other tissues were similar in the two groups. Thus, isatin is likely to be elaborated both endogenously in rat tissues and "exogenously" by flora inhabiting the lumen of the alimentary tract. 相似文献
40.
Richard Kvetansk David S. Goldstein Virginia K. Weise Courtney Holmes Katalin Szemeredi Gyorgy Bagdy Irwin J. Kopin 《Journal of neurochemistry》1992,58(6):2296-2302
In conscious animals, handling and immobilization increase plasma levels of the catecholamines norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI). This study examined plasma concentrations of endogenous compounds related to catecholamine synthesis and metabolism during and after exposure to these stressors in conscious rats. Plasma levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), NE, EPI, and dopamine (DA), the deaminated catechol metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and their O-methylated derivatives methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were measured using liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection at 1, 3, 5, 20, 60, and 120 min of immobilization. By 1 min of immobilization, plasma NE and EPI levels had already reached peak values, and plasma levels of DOPA, DHPG, DOPAC, and MHPG were increased significantly from baseline, whereas plasma DA and HVA levels were unchanged. During the remainder of the immobilization period, the increased levels of DOPA, NE, and EPI were maintained, whereas levels of the metabolites progressively increased. In animals immobilized briefly (5 min), elevated concentrations of the metabolites persisted after release from the restraint, whereas DOPA and catecholamine levels returned to baseline. Gentle handling for 1 min also significantly increased plasma levels of DOPA, NE, EPI, and the NE metabolites DHPG and MHPG, without increasing levels of DA or HVA. The results show that in conscious rats, immobilization or even gentle handling rapidly increases plasma levels of catecholamines, the catecholamine precursor DOPA, and metabolites of NE and DA, indicating rapid increases in the synthesis, release, reuptake, and metabolism of catecholamines. 相似文献