Modulation of the K(v)4.3 channel by syntaxin 1A

The SNARE protein syntaxin 1A (Syn1A) is known to inhibit delayed rectifier K(+) channels of the K(v)1 and K(v)2 families with heterogeneous effects on their gating properties. In this study, we explored whether Syn1A could directly modulate K(v)4.3, a rapidly inactivating K(v) channel with important roles in neuroendocrine cells and cardiac myocytes. Immunoprecipitation studies in HEK293 cells coexpressing Syn1A and K(v)4.3 revealed a direct interaction with increased trafficking to the plasma membrane without a change in channel synthesis. Paradoxically, Syn1A inhibited K(v)4.3 current density. In particular, Syn1A produced a left-shift in steady-state inactivation of K(v)4.3 without affecting either voltage dependence of activation or gating kinetics, a pattern distinct from other K(v) channels. Combined with our previous reports, our results further verify the notion that the mechanisms involved in Syn1A-K(v) interactions vary significantly between K(v) channels, thus providing a wide scope for Syn1A modulation of exocytosis and membrane excitability.     

BME-1生物医用电子微分器

本文介绍了一个用国产高输入阻抗运算放大器制成的生物医用电子微分器。电路由同步输入、延时、三角波发生器、微分单元和滤波单元组成。微分时间常数20μs—50ms;校正电压变化率±0.1v/s—±200v/s;延时20μs—10s。微分器可为外来正脉冲触发,也可手动触发,它已用于微分心肌细胞动作电位、心腔压力等多种生物讯号。     

The high level of wide-compatibility of variety ‘Dular’ has a complex genetic basis

Wide-compatibility varieties (WCVs) are a special class of rice germplasm that is able to produce fertile hybrids when crossed to both indica and japonica rice varieties. WCVs may differ greatly in their spectrum and level of compatibility. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic basis of wide-compatibility conferred by ‘Dular’, a landrace variety from India that has demonstrated a high level of wide-compatibility in previous studies with a broad range of indica and japonica varieties. A three-way cross (‘Balilla/Dular//Nanjing 11’) was made and the resulting F₁ population evaluated in the field for spikelet fertility. A total of 235 plants from this population was assayed individually for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) at 159 marker loci covering the entire rice genome at regular intervals. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis identified 5 loci, located on chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6 and 8, as having significant effects on hybrid fertility, which jointly explained 55.5% of the fertility variation in this population. The QTL on chromosome 5 ( f5) showed the largest effect on hybrid fertility, followed by those on chromosomes 6 ( f6), 3 ( f3) and 1 ( f1), with the one on chromosome 8 ( f8) having the smallest effect. Genotypes each composed of an allele from ‘Dular’ and an allele from ‘Nanjing 11’ at four ( f3, f5, f6 and f8) of the five QTLs contributed to the increase of fertility in the population. In contrast, the genotype composed of alleles from ‘Balilla’ and ‘Nanjing 11’ at the fifth locus ( f1) was in the direction of increasing fertility. Analysis of variance using marker genotypes at the five QTLs as the groups detected two interactions involving four of the five loci, a 2-locus interaction between f5 and f8 and a 3-locus interaction among f3, f5 and f6. The level of hybrid fertility is the result of complex interactions among these loci. The implication of the present findings in the utilization of the wide-compatibility of ‘Dular’ in rice breeding programs is also discussed. Received: 21 October 1997 / Accepted: 30 December 1997     

不同抗凝人血浆凝固酶检测的探讨

目的 了解3种不同抗凝人血浆检测血浆凝固酶的可行性及观察时间对结果的影响.方法 用3种不同抗凝人血浆及以不同菌液浓度作试管法凝固酶试验.结果 EDTA-K2抗凝血浆出现阳性慢,凝块大多较小,24 h内稳定性较好;枸橼酸钠抗凝血浆出现结果介于EDTA-K2、肝素抗凝血浆之间,结果最不稳定;肝素抗凝血浆出现阳性最快,但不够稳定;菌液浓度对出现阳性的早晚无影响.结论 3种抗凝人血浆在试管法凝固酶测定中使用时,出现阳性快慢不受菌液浓度影响,随时间延长溶解现象可能会增加,应掌握结果观察时间,以降低假阴性.     

积雪变化对陆地生态系统植被特征和土壤碳氮过程的影响

在季节性积雪地区,冬季气候变暖导致积雪变薄、积雪不连续、融雪提前及雪盖面积缩小等现象。然而相较于氮沉降、增温、降水变化等全球变化因子,目前尚缺乏积雪因子对陆地生态系统过程和功能影响的系统报道。为加深人们对积雪特征变化生态后果的认知,综述了积雪深度和融雪时间变化对植被物候和群落组成、凋落物分解、土壤碳氮过程、温室气体排放和土壤微食物网(土壤动物和微生物)的影响。由于模拟积雪变化手段不同和复杂的气候、土壤背景,生态系统各要素对积雪特征变化的响应规律存在较大的分异和不确定性。例如,在未来气候变暖导致积雪变薄和融雪提前情景下,植被物候提前,生长季延长,导致生产力增加和凋落物数量增加,禾草比例减少导致凋落物质量增加,早春温度高刺激微生物活性,凋落物分解速率高,促进土壤碳氮周转过程。但积雪减少和融雪提前导致的早春低温和夏季干旱也可能引起植被生产力下降,凋落物数量减少质量降低,土壤微生物活性低,分解速率低,从而减缓碳氮周转过程。此外,积雪特征变化对植被特征和土壤碳氮过程影响相关研究目前还存在以下问题：1)积雪深度和融雪时间对生态系统的影响是否存在交互效应仍缺乏关注,且积雪变化对后续生长季是否存在持续...     

不同生境濒危植物龙棕种群结构及其动态特征

【目的】分析不同生境下龙棕种群结构及动态特征,探究其主要影响因素,为该区龙棕种群的保护、恢复和更新提供基础的理论依据。【方法】通过对楚雄州大尖山自然保护区内3种不同生境(阔叶林、针阔混交林、灌丛)龙棕种群调查,编制龙棕种群的静态生命表和绘制其存活曲线和生存分析函数曲线,并利用时间序列模型对种群的数量动态做出相应的预测,以深入了解不同生境下龙棕种群结构及动态特征。【结果】(1)在3种生境中龙棕种群均处于衰退状态,对外界干扰较为灵敏,存活曲线呈现Deevey-Ⅲ型,龙棕个体在幼苗阶段出现大量死亡。(2)3种不同生境下龙棕种群都分布不均,呈聚集分布,说明龙棕种子传播以母株为中心扩散。【结论】从种群密度大小上来看,阔叶林中的龙棕种群密度最大,其次是针阔混交林,最小的是灌丛。结合对种群年龄结构的研究,进一步证明水分条件较好的阔叶林和针阔混交林更有利于龙棕种群的生存。     

Genetic background and sex influence somatosensory sensitivity and oxycodone analgesia in the Hybrid Rat Diversity Panel

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is an ongoing public health concern in the United States, and relatively little work has addressed how genetic background contributes to OUD. Understanding the genetic contributions to oxycodone-induced analgesia could provide insight into the early stages of OUD development. Here, we present findings from a behavioral phenotyping protocol using several inbred strains from the Hybrid Rat Diversity Panel. Our behavioral protocol included a modified “up-down” von Frey procedure to measure inherent strain differences in the sensitivity to a mechanical stimulus on the hindpaw. We also performed the tail immersion assay, which measures the latency to display tail withdrawal in response to a hot water bath. Initial withdrawal thresholds were taken in drug-naïve animals to record baseline thermal sensitivity across the strains. Oxycodone-induced analgesia was measured after administration of oxycodone over the course of 2 h. Both mechanical and thermal sensitivity are shaped by genetic factors and display moderate heritability (h² = 0.23–0.40). All strains displayed oxycodone-induced analgesia that peaked at 15–30 min and returned to baseline by 2 h. There were significant differences between the strains in the magnitude and duration of their analgesic response to oxycodone, although the heritability estimates were quite modest (h² = 0.10–0.15). These data demonstrate that genetic background confers differences in mechanical sensitivity, thermal sensitivity, and oxycodone-induced analgesia.     

泾河流域植被覆盖动态变化特征及其与降雨的关系

植被退化是全球环境变化研究的一个重点问题,植被状况是环境评估的重要指标.利用8km分辨率的NOAA-AVHRR/NDVI时间序列数据,对位于黄土高原的泾河流域1982～2003年植被特征及变化状况进行系统分析,并在此基础上评估降雨与流域植被的相互关系.研究主要利用了变化斜率法、主成分分析法和相关分析法,得到如下结论:过去22a来流域植被NDVI均值波幅和变化都很小,变化较显著的区域集中在流域上游和流域边缘的山区.变化斜率分析得出了类似的结论,气候变化以及人类活动导致的土地利用改变可能是影响在流域不同地区植被状态变化的主要原因.对NDVI时间序列的主成分分析发现PC1和PC2与植被覆盖和气候密切联系,PC3和PC4与流域汛期洪水有关,PC5和PC6体现了人类活动的影响.流域的NDVI与降雨显示了良好的相关性,降雨与NDVI相关性的阈值可能在550mm或更高.     

Highly luminescent hybrid SiO2‐coated CdTe quantum dots: synthesis and properties

Novel hybrid SiO₂‐coated CdTe quantum dots (QDs) were created using CdTe QDs coated with a hybrid SiO₂ shell containing Cd²⁺ ions and a sulfur source via a sol–gel process in aqueous solution. Aqueous CdTe QDs with tunable emitting color created through a reaction between cadmium chloride and sodium hydrogen telluride was used as cores for the preparation of hybrid SiO₂‐coated CdTe QDs. In our experiments we found that the surface state of the cores and preparation conditions that affect the formation of the hybrid SiO₂ shell also greatly affect photoluminescence of the hybrid SiO₂‐coated CdTe QDs. The generation of CdS‐like clusters in the vicinity of the CdTe QDs, caused the quantum size effect of the QDs to be greatly reduced, which changes photoluminescence properties of the hybrid QDs fundamentally. Namely, the novel hybrid SiO₂ shell played an important role in generating a series of specific optical properties. In addition, the novel hybrid SiO₂ shell can be created if no CdTe QD is added. In order to gain an insight into the inter structure of the hybrid shell, we characterized the hybrid SiO₂‐coated CdTe QDs using X‐ray diffraction analysis and discuss the formation mechanism of such a hybrid structure. This work is significant because the novel hybrid SiO₂‐coated CdTe QDs with its excellent properties can be used in many applications, such as biolabeling and optoelectronic devices. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于Landsat的重庆市生态环境质量动态监测及其时空格局演变分析

长江流域是我国重要的生态屏障之一,重庆市作为长江上游最后一道关口,研究其生态质量发展对于有效保护长江流域生态环境具有重要指导意义。基于2011—2021年间的Landsat影像等数据,计算遥感生态指数(Remote sensing based ecological index, RSEI),并采用Sen(Theil-Sen median)趋势分析法和MK(Mann-Kendall)检验研究其变化趋势以及利用Hurst指数模型分析RSEI的持续特征。利用空间转移矩阵和重心迁移模型研究其在空间上分布特征的变化情况,最后使用降水、风速、近地表气温、海拔等辅助数据为影响因素,结合地理探测器进一步探究RSEI变化驱动力,探讨重庆市2011—2021的RSEI空间分布及演变趋势。结果表明：(1)重庆市多年平均RSEI为0.593,使用等间距法将其划分的等级为差、较差、中等、良、优的面积占比分别为2.48%、8.28%、38.32%、41,87%、9.05%。从整体来看重庆市生态质量水平较高,重庆市年际RSEI以显著趋势波动增长。(2)RSEI等级为差的地区空间上主要集中于重庆西部;较差等级主要围绕...