Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) Genotypes and CNTF Contents in Human Sciatic Nerves as Measured by a Sensitive Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay

Abstract: To study the level of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) in human nervous tissues, we developed a sensitive enzyme-linked immunoassay using a specific antibody against human CNTF. This method allowed us to detect as little as 0.3 ng/ml of human CNTF with good linearity and accuracy. Using this method, CNTF levels were determined in human sciatic nerves obtained at autopsy from 21 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients and 48 subjects who had died of other neurological diseases. CNTF genotypes were also determined. The results indicated that CNTF levels were high in the normal homozygotes and approximately halved in the heterozygote subjects. There was, however, no significant difference in CNTF levels in the sciatic nerves between ALS and other neurological disease patients, indicating that the CNTF level was mainly determined by its genotypes and that the level in the sciatic nerves was not reduced in ALS patients.     

Isozyme analysis of intercontinental disjuncts within Styrax (Styracaceae): implications for the Madrean —Tethyan hypothesis

Various hypotheses have been put forward to explain the presence of sclerophyllous plant disjuncts between western North America and the Mediterranean region. The Madrean–Tethyan hypothesis postulates that the two regions were floristically connected in the Early to Middle Tertiary by way of a low-latitude migration route. Others deny the possibility of such a route, and instead postulate convergence to xerophytic conditions from more widespread mesophytic ancestors, or suggest long-distance dispersal scenarios. One example of a “Madrean–Tethyan link” between the two regions is composed of four species within the genus Styrax: S. officinalis subsp. officinalis from the Mediterranean region, S. officinalis subsp. redivivus and subsp. fulvescens from California, and three closely related species in Texas and northeastern Mexico (S. texanus, S. platanifolius, and S. youngiae). This group was examined with isozymes to assess whether patterns of genetic variation are consistent with those predicted by the Madrean–Tethyan hypothesis. Ten populations from California, six from the Mediterranean region, and three from Texas were sampled. Pairwise comparisons revealed mean genetic identity (I) estimates of 0.581 between Mediterranean and California populations, 0.470 between Mediterranean and Texas populations, and 0.640 between California and Texas populations. Two populations of a species thought by many to be the closest relative of S. officinalis on morphological grounds (S. jaliscanus) exhibited low I (0.299–0.321) relative to all other group comparisons. Intercontinentally disjunct populations of S. officinalis possessed an I value that warrants species status for the Californian and Mediterranean groups. Divergence time estimates between Madrean and Tethyan Styrax range from 5.0 to 13.8 Mya, too recent to be consistent with the Madrean–Tethyan hypothesis. However, alternative explanations for this disjunction are suboptimal in that they require the invocation of either long-distance dispersal, which appears unlikely in this group, or extinction. Nonetheless, the evidence presented here and in other recent studies casts substantial doubt on the Madrean–Tethyan hypothesis as a general explanation for the presence of Madrean and Tethyan taxa similar in overall appearance. More plants with Madrean–Tethyan distributions must be sampled before definitive conclusions regarding this aspect of Madrean and Tethyan vegetation can be reached.     

应用流式细胞仪研究抗IL-8单抗对IL-8激活人颗粒细胞活力的中和作用(英文)

以IL-8免疫的BALB/C小鼠脾细胞与Sp2/0或653小鼠骨髓瘤细胞融合构建了淋巴细胞杂交瘤克隆I8-S2和I8-63。ELISA叠加试验(ELISA Additivity Test)表明这两杂交瘤克隆分泌的单抗分别识别IL-8分子的不同表位。IL-8能激活人颗粒细胞,引起细胞内Ca~(2 )浓度([Ca~(2 )]_i)上升。通过流式细胞仪分析[Ca~(2 )]_i的变化,发现两个克隆单抗对IL8激活细胞的活力具有不同的中和作用。克隆I8-S2具有很强的中和作用,而克隆18-63则不然。上述结果提示IL-8的激活细胞活力局限于该分子的某表位。     

纳西族和普米族的红细胞血型分布

调查了云南纳西族和普米族各１０４人的ＡＢＯ、ＮＭＳｓ、Ｒｈ和Ｐ血型系统。结果表明,ＡＢＯ血型系统中,纳西族和普米族有较高的基因频率ｒ,分别为０．６０８２和０．６８８２,且基因频率ｐ＝ｑ,纳西族均为０．１９５９,普米族均为０．１５５９。ＭＮＳｗ系统中两个民族都表现ｍ〉ｎ、ｓ〉ｓ,Ｍｓ〉Ｎｓ、ＭＳ〉ＮＳ,其中纳西族的基因频率在国内报道的相应值中是比较高的,且ＮＳ为零。     

应用PCR技术检测细小病毒H－1DNA在人肝癌与裸鼠正常组织中复制的差异

应用ＰＣＲ技术检测细小病毒Ｈ－１ＤＮＡ在人肝癌与裸鼠正常组织中复制的差异黄青山,马承武,郭兰萍,陈献华,罗祖玉（上海复旦大学生理与生物物理学系,上海２００４３３）关键词：自主性细小病毒Ｈ－１及ＭＶＭ,聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）,人肝癌模型,抑瘤作用,肿...     

人胎视网膜含NOS神经元的发育

本文用一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）的组织化学方法对胎龄１５周至３６周的人胎视网膜含ＮＯＳ神经元的发育进行了研究。胚胎１５周视网膜颞侧半少部分神经元即有ＮＯＳ的表达,２０周视网膜含ＮＯＳ神经元数密度达峰值。大部分含ＮＯＳ神经元胞体位于内核层内带,只少部分位于节细胞层,其突起均分布于内同层,形成内同层的１、３、５亚层。含ＮＯＳ神经元的形态各异,依据其突起的多少分Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ等三种类型,其中Ⅱ、Ⅲ型含ＮＯＳ神经元在２８周以后才开始出现,且愈近晚期胎龄,它们所占含ＮＯＳ神经元的数量比呈上升趋势。随视网膜发育成熟,含ＮＯＳ神经元胞体均面积呈不断增大的变化。本文结果显示：人胎视网膜内核层含ＮＯＳ神经元为无长突细胞,节细胞层的Ⅰ型含ＮＯＳ神经元为移位无长突细胞,推测它们在视网膜的发育过程中对内网层突触的形成与修饰可能起有重要作用。     

血凝法的生物载体选择与处理

用ＨＢｓＡｇＲＰＨＡ做为模式,选用羊、火鸡、鹅、人Ｏ型血球为载体,醛化后分成致敏和不致敏两种,与异嗜性抗体、中国生物制品药品检定所的参比品等作凝集试验。结果表明,无论特异性还是灵敏度都以人Ｏ型血球为最佳。在此基础上,设计了五种醛化方法处理人Ｏ型血球,共得出１８个醛化样品,经７３种不同的比较试验,筛选出最佳醛化方法为改良丙酮醛──甲醛法,采用该法醛化后血球为褐色,阴性血清和空白对照背景清晰,血球沉集点致密,下滑程度好。致敏抗—ＨＢｓＭｃＡｂ后,使ＨＢｓＡｇ灵敏度达到１～２ｎｇ／ｍｌ。为制备高质量的血凝试剂提供了最佳载体。     

人白介素6受体功能区片段在E．coli中的表达

通过ＤＮＡ体外重组技术,以ｐＥＴ－３ｂ为表达载体,构建了重组表达质粒ｐＥＴ－６Ｒ（Ｂ）和ＰＥＴ－６Ｒ（Ｂ）４,分别编码２８ｋＤ的ｈＩＬ－６Ｒ配基结合区片段及其５３ｋＤ的二联体蛋白,并为酶切分析和ＤＮＡ序列分析所证实。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析表明,含有重组表达质粒的菌株可分别表达出２８ｋＤ的蛋白ｒＩＬ６Ｒ－２８和５３ｋＤ的ｒＩＬ６Ｒ－５３。重组蛋白分别占菌体总蛋白的４５％和２９％左右。重组蛋白主要以包涵体形式存在,Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹表明重组蛋白具有ＩＬ－６Ｒ的抗原性。