广东天井山林区发现角原矛头蝮

2009年4～7月,在广东天井山林区采集到3条角原矛头蝮(Protobothrops cornutus),这是该蛇在我国野外第二次被发现,天井山是新发现的一个分布点。本次野外新发现进一步证实了角原矛头蝮在我国的自然分布,为深入了解该蛇的形态特征及地理分布格局提供了重要基础资料。     

浙江天台晚白垩世巨型长形蛋科一新属及巨型长形蛋科的分类订正

浙江天台盆地上白垩统赤城山组发现的巨型长形蛋类可鉴定为西峡巨型长形蛋(Macroelongatoolithusxi xiaensis)和一新蛋属、新蛋种——桥下巨型纺锤蛋(Megafusoolithus qiaoxiaensis oogen.etoosp.nov.)。西峡巨型长形蛋此前仅发现于河南西峡盆地,其特征为个体巨大(35cm),蛋壳外表面具瘤点状纹饰,蛋壳锥体层与柱状层界线明显,呈波浪形,锥体层与柱状层厚度之比为1:5—1:2。已记述的产自天台的张氏巨型长形蛋(M.zhangi)和产自河南西峡盆地的西峡长圆柱蛋(Longiteresoolithus xixiaensis)均为西峡巨型长形蛋的同物异名。桥下巨型纺锤蛋的特征包括蛋壳中部外表面具有棱脊状纹饰,蛋壳锥体层与柱状层界线不明显,二者厚度之比近1:3,这些特征区别于巨型长形蛋属。目前已知巨型长形蛋科仅包含巨型长形蛋属和巨型纺锤蛋属,订正的科征为:蛋化石巨大,长径大于35cm;蛋长形,两端大致对称,长宽之比约为3:1;蛋化石在蛋窝中一般两枚为一组,呈单层圆环状排列,蛋窝直径近3m;蛋壳外表面具瘤点状或棱脊状纹饰,蛋壳由锥体层与柱状层组成。这些特征明显区别于其他类型的蛋化石,因此它们代表了一个独立的蛋科:巨型长形蛋科(Macroelongatoolithidae)。     

广东省野生植物一新记录科——蜡梅科

报道了广东省野生植物一新记录科--蜡梅科(Calycanthaceae)、一新记录属--蜡梅属(Chimonanthus)及一新记录种--山蜡梅(Chimonanthus nitens Oliv.).标本存放于华南农业大学林学院树木标本室(CANT).     

Construction and preliminary analysis of a metagenomic library from a deep-sea sediment of east Pacific Nodule Province

The Pacific Nodule Province is a unique ocean area containing an abundance of polymetallic nodules. To explore more genetic information and discover potentially industrial useful genes of the microbial community from this particular area, a cosmid library with an average insert of about 35 kb was constructed from the deep-sea sediment. The bacteria in the cosmid library were composed mainly of Proteobacteria including Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria. The end sequences of some cosmid clones were determined and the complete insert sequences of two cosmid clones, 10D02 and 17H9, are presented. 10D02 has a length of 40.8 kb and contains 40 predicted encoding genes. It contains a partial 16S rRNA gene of Alphaproteobacteria. 17H9 is 36.8 kb and predicted to have 31 encoding genes and a 16S-23S-5S rRNA gene operon. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S and 23S rRNA gene sequence on the 17H9 both reveals that the inserted DNA from 17H9 came from a novel Alphaproteobacteria and is closely related to Magnetospirillum species. The predicted proteins of ORF 1-11 also have high identity to those of Magnetospirillum species, and the organization of these genes is highly conserved among known Magnetospirillum species. The data suggest that the retrieved DNA in 17H9 might be derived from a novel Magnetospirillum species.     

Bibarba bibarba: A new genus and species of Cobitinae (Pisces: Cypriniformes: Cobitidae) from Guangxi Province (China)

A new genus of Cobitinae, Bibarba gen. n., and a new species, B. bibarba sp. n., were discovered and are described for the Chengjiang River, a tributary of the Hongshuihe River in Guangxi Province of southern China. This river region is characterized by a Karst landscape, and the river that is inhabited by the new genus is a slowly moving stream with arenaceous and cobblestone beds. The new genus resembles Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 (subfamily Cobitinae) in the shape and pigmentation pattern of their body, the absence of scales on their head, and the presence of a suborbital spine, but differs from it by a single Lamina circularis on the third pectoral fin ray instead of on the base of the second pectoral fin ray; two pairs of barbels (one rostral pair and one maxillo-mandibular pair) instead of three pairs of barbels (one rostral pair, one maxillary pair, and one maxillo-mandibular pair); a relatively thick and short suborbital spine with a strong medio-lateral process instead of a suborbital spine without or with a weakly formed medio-lateral process as in Cobitis; and the lack of a black stripe extending from the occiput through the eye to the insertion of the rostral barbel. The first two characters have not been reported in any other genus of the subfamily Cobitinae. A morphometric character analysis based on PCA reveals differences between B. bibarba and C. sinensis in body size, barbel length, interorbital width, pectoral fin length in males, and the position of the dorsal and ventral fins. Type specimens of the new species are kept in the Freshwater Fishes Museum of the Institute of Hydrobiology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Wuhan, Hubei Province.     

浙江吻虾虎鱼属一新种（鲈形目：虾虎鱼科）

本文描述分布于浙江省武义县武义江的一吻虾虎鱼新种,定名为武义吻虾虎鱼Rhinogobius wuyiensis。该虾虎鱼具有如下特征可区别于相近种：具备眼肩胛骨管及前鳃盖管;椎骨数10+16=26;臀鳍分支鳍条7～9（平均7.8）;颊部斑点大小不等且不规则,常呈线状交织;鳃盖条部内侧无斑点。     

中国浙江省吻虾虎鱼属一新种(鲈形目:虾虎鱼科)

描述分布于浙江省武义县武义江的吻虾虎鱼1新种,定名为武义吻虾虎鱼(Rhinogobius wuyiensis)。该虾虎鱼在头部斑纹上与雀斑吻虾虎鱼(R.lentiginis)相近,但有如下特征可区别于相近种:具眼肩胛骨管及前鳃盖管(vs.无任何感觉管孔);椎骨数10 16=26(vs.27);臀鳍分支鳍条7-9(vs.6-7);头部斑点大小不等且不规则,常呈线状交织(vs.具规则的小圆斑);鳃盖条部内侧无斑点(vs.密布小点)。     

人类活动对广西合浦海草床服务功能价值的影响

近年来,中国海草生态系统受到严重破坏。本文以广西合浦海草床生态系统为例,采用1980—2005年当地统计资料,综合运用生态经济学的基本理论,以海草床的食物生产、调节大气、生态系统营养循环、净化水质、维持生物多样性和科学研究功能作为指标体系,对人类活动造成合浦海草床生态系统的价值损失进行了初步估算。结果表明,从1980—2005年,合浦海草床由于人类活动造成的价值损失为34657.95万元,损失率为71.97%。直接利用价值增加了4452.88万元,而间接利用价值损失为39110.83万元,损失率高达81.82%。说明人类对合浦海草床的开发利用强度增大趋势明显。     

山东藨草属苞片下表皮微形态的研究

利用光学显微镜对山东产藨草属（Scirpus）11个类群的苞片下表皮微形态进行了观察和研究。结果表明,该属11个种的苞片下表皮微形态根据脉间气孔器列数可以分为两个类型,其中类型Ⅰ：脉间气孔器为4~12列,又可分为2个亚类型;类型Ⅱ：脉间气孔器为1~2列,又可分为4个亚类型。研究表明：藨草属苞片下表皮微形态支持藨草属中藨草亚属和秆状苞藨草亚属的划分;支持藨草亚属中具球茎藨草组和丝状刚毛藨草组的划分;支持秆状苞藨草亚属中藨草组的成立;对于湖边藨草组提出了不同的处理意见：该组仅包括青岛藨草S.trisetosusTang etWang和藨草S.triqueterL.两种,并将剑苞藨草S.ehrenbergiiB cklr.和水葱S.validusVahl分别独立成组,其新组名分别为：Sect.EhrenbergiiF.Z.Li,＆L.N.Liu sect.nov.,Sect.ValidusF.Z.Li,＆L.N.Liu sect.nov.。     

陕西黄龙山林区褐马鸡繁殖季节中午卧息地选择

2006年5—6月,在陕西黄龙山腹地北寺山林区采取样线法对褐马鸡(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)中午卧息地的选择进行了研究,共观察到28个褐马鸡的卧息地。褐马鸡对林型、坡向和地理特征有明显的选择性,多偏向针叶林、山脊和半阴半阳坡,回避阔叶林、山坡、阴坡和阳坡。对中午卧息地坡位没有明显的选择性。褐马鸡中午卧息地具有坡度小、与林间道路与居民点的距离远、灌丛平均高度较低、灌木密度较小、草本均高较小、乔木层植物盖度以及草本层植物盖度较大等特征。对各种生境因子的主成分分析表明,前6个特征值的累积贡献率达到74.05%,可较好地反映褐马鸡中午卧息地生境特征。根据载荷系数绝对值大小将褐马鸡中午休息地生境选择影响因子分别命名为地理因子、隐蔽度因子、人类活动干扰因子和灌丛密度因子。