2009年春季长江口及其邻近水域浮游植物——物种组成与粒级叶绿素a

于2009年4月在长江口及其邻近水域采集浮游植物水样,用Utermöhl方法进行初步分析,同时进行叶绿素a粒级分离研究,并采用典范对应分析讨论了浮游植物优势物种与各环境因子的关系.本次调查共鉴定浮游植物3门46属64种（不包括未定名种）,其中硅藻33属45种（不包括未定名种）,甲藻12属18种（不包括未定名种）,定鞭藻1属1种,硅藻在细胞丰度和物种丰富度上占有优势.浮游植物的生态类型主要以温带近岸种为主,优势物种为多尼骨条藻（Skeletonema dohrnii）、具槽帕拉藻（Paralia sulcata）、菱形海线藻（Thalassionema nitzschioides）、尖刺伪菱形藻（Pseudo-nitzschia pungens）、颗粒直链藻狭型变种（Melosira granulata var angustissima）、柔弱伪菱形藻（Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima）和柔弱几内亚藻（Guinardia delicatula）,同时调查区也出现少数的半咸水种和大洋种.调查区浮游植物细胞丰度介于0.3～13447.7 cells·ml^-1,平均为1142.385 cells·ml^-1,硅藻的细胞丰度显著高于甲藻.细胞丰度高值区位于调查区的中部偏北区域,以多尼骨条藻为主.垂向上在表层出现最大值,随着深度的增加丰度降低.调查区的Shannon多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数的平面分布基本一致,并且与细胞丰度呈镶嵌分布,即在细胞丰度高的调查区中北部较低.表层叶绿素a浓度介于0.34～29 g·L^-1,平均为3.30 g·L^-1.叶绿素a的高值区主要位于调查区的中部偏北区域,其分布趋势与浮游植物和硅藻细胞丰度的分布基本一致.主要粒级组分为小型浮游植物（microphytoplankton）,而其他靠近外海一侧的站位则以微型浮游植物（2～20 μm, nanophytoplankton）和超微型浮游植物（<2 μm, picophytoplankton）为主.与环境因子的典范对应分析（CCA）表明,春季长江口影响最优势物种多尼骨条藻分布的主要因素为硝酸盐、pH和微型浮游动物,而包括甲藻在内的其他各物种则主要受盐度、磷酸盐和硅酸盐影响.本次调查浮游植物定量研究方法与以往不同,在长江口今后需要加强骨条藻的个体生态学研究.     

Trends in volume migration chronology in spring staging Pacific black brant

We used a robust dataset of count and mark-resighting data for Pacific black brant from 1989–2004, and a novel mark-recapture model capable of analyzing such data, to calculate the annual variability and timing of brant as they migrated through the Parksville–Qualicum Beach area, a traditional spring staging site in coastal British Columbia, Canada. Our analysis indicated that the date of departure from this site to northern breeding sites advanced between 10 and 20 days over this period because of a combination of earlier arrival and shorter residence times. Given this change in migration behavior, and the potential implications for population dynamics, we recommend that targeted research on brant wintering, migration, and reproductive strategies should be examined within a greater Pacific-wide context. In this way, the consequences of proximate factors (e.g., disturbance, food, and climate) can be understood in terms of individual fitness and population dynamics. Finally, at the local level, conservation actions are needed to ensure the long term sustainability of Parksville–Qualicum Beach as an important spring staging site for Pacific black brant. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.     

国际生物信息学研究的可视化分析

利用当前主流的信息可视化分析软件Cite Space对2005~2014年间SCI收录的生物信息学的5种高影响力外文期刊所刊载论文的题录数据进行统计和可视化分析,绘制该领域的关键词共现、膨胀词共现、经典文献共现、高被引文献共现和关键节点文献共现的网络可视化图谱,试图揭示生物信息学领域的研究热点、研究前沿以及知识基础,以期帮助研究人员了解该领域在国际范围内的研究态势。     

Seasonal changes in the thermoregulatory strategies of Rhinella arenarum in the Monte desert, Argentina

We determined and compared the efficiency of thermoregulation of Rhinella arenarum in the Monte desert (Argentina) in two seasons, dry and wet. In the field, we measured body temperatures, micro-habitat temperatures and operative temperatures; while in the laboratory; we measured the selected body temperatures. Our results show a change in the thermoregulatory strategy of R. arenarum that is related to environmental constraints on their thermal niche. R. arenarum has the ability to be plastic and combine two strategies: (i) a moderate thermoregulator in the wet season, where thermal resources are available such that body temperature is maintained within the set points and physiologicial and behavioral processes are optimized; and (ii) a thermoconformer in the dry season where the thermal environment is more homogeneous and there is greater time invested in searching for food.     

免培养法对一热泉细菌多样性的初步研究

应用免培养法（Cultureindependent）对云南腾冲热海大滚锅高温热泉中细菌的多样性进行初步的分析。经过克隆筛选,测定了5个克隆的16S rDNA插入片段的近全序列,系统发育分析的结果表明,它们分属于Bacillus、Hydrogenobacter和Pseudomonas,有一个克隆尚难确定其分类地位,它属于Thermodesulfobacteriaceae科,介于Geothermbacterium属和Thermodesulfobacteria属之间。经PCR扩增出上述5个克隆16S rDNA插入序列中及环境样品总DNA中的16S rDNA V8高变区约600bp片段,进行变性梯度电泳（DGGE）。所得电泳图谱和5个序列的系统发育树不仅表明该高温热泉存在着丰富的细菌多样性,还显示了它们是该高温热泉中细菌的优势物种。     

Balneomonas flocculans gen. nov., sp. nov., a new cellulose-producing member of the alpha-2 subclass of Proteobacteria

A new bacterial strain capable of producing cellulose was isolated from a hot spring. The isolate was Gram-negative, aerobic, and rod-shaped. The optimum temperature for growth was 40-45 degrees C. Methanol, glucose and other common carbohydrates were not utilized as sole growth substrates. Thiosulfate was not oxidized. The G+C content of the DNA was determined to be 64.0 mol%. Comparative 16S rDNA analysis indicated that Bosea thiooxidans and some strains of the genus Methylobacterium were the nearest relatives. The isolate can be distinguished from these relatives by its defectiveness in methanol utilization and thiosulfate oxidation. On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogeny, it is proposed that the isolate be designated Balneomonas flocculans gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is TFBT (= JCM 11936T, = KCTC 12101T, = IAM 15034T, = ATCC BAA-817T).     

Exceptional carbon uptake in European forests during the warm spring of 2007: a data–model analysis

Temperate and boreal forests undergo drastic functional changes in the springtime, shifting within a few weeks from net carbon (C) sources to net C sinks. Most of these changes are mediated by temperature. The autumn 2006–winter 2007 record warm period was followed by an exceptionally warm spring in Europe, making spring 2007 a good candidate for advances in the onset of the photosynthetically active period. An analysis of a decade of eddy covariance data from six European forests stands, which encompass a wide range of functional types (broadleaf evergreen, broadleaf deciduous, needleleaf evergreen) and a wide latitudinal band (from 44° to 62°N), revealed exceptional fluxes during spring 2007. Gross primary productivity (GPP) of spring 2007 was the maximum recorded in the decade examined for all sites but a Mediterranean evergreen forest (with a +40 to +130 gC m^?2 anomaly compared with the decadal mean over the January–May period). Total ecosystem respiration (TER) was also promoted during spring 2007, though less anomalous than GPP (with a +17 to +93 gC m^?2 anomaly over 5 months), leading to higher net uptake than the long‐term mean at all sites (+12 to +79 gC m^?2 anomaly over 5 months). A correlative analysis relating springtime C fluxes to simple phenological indices suggested spring C uptake and temperatures to be related. The CASTANEA process‐based model was used to disentangle the seasonality of climatic drivers (incoming radiation, air and soil temperatures) and biological drivers (canopy dynamics, thermal acclimation of photosynthesis to low temperatures) on spring C fluxes along the latitudinal gradient. A sensitivity analysis of model simulations evidenced the roles of (i) an exceptional early budburst combined with elevated air temperature in deciduous sites, and (ii) an early relief of winter thermal acclimation in coniferous sites for the promotion of 2007 spring assimilation.     

Modifications of the leaf surface structures of Quercus ilex L. in open, naturally CO2-enriched environments

Two Italian CO₂ springs allowed us to study the long-term effect of a 350–2600 μ mol mol^–1 increase in CO₂ concentrations on the surface structures of leaves of Quercus ilex L. Carbon dioxide increased the quantity of cuticular waxes, above an apparent threshold of 750 μ mol mol^–1 CO₂. Leaf wettability was not modified by CO₂ concentrations. Reduction in stomatal frequency was observable up to 750 μ mol mol^–1 CO₂, the slope being almost the same as that estimated for the increase in CO₂ concentration from pre-industrial times to the present. At higher concentrations, CO₂ seemed to exert no more impact on stomatal frequency.     

冰川生态系统固碳微生物研究进展

[目的] 海南海口含有丰富的温泉资源,对温泉微生物多样性进行研究,有助于进一步开发和利用海南温泉微生物资源。[方法] 本文采用Illumina HiSeq高通量测序技术对海口3个温泉[海甸岛荣域温泉（S1）、火山口开心农场温泉（S2）和西海岸海长流温泉（S3）] 水样中微生物ITS序列和16S rRNA基因V3-V4区进行测序及生物信息学分析,探究海口市3个不同区域的温泉真菌多样性与细菌多样性。[结果] （1）α多样性分析表明,真菌群落中,S3 > S1 > S2,而在细菌群落中,S2 > S1 > S3。β多样性分析表明,3个温泉真菌群落和细菌群落组成差异皆显著。（2）分类分析表明,温泉真菌群落优势菌门为子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和担子菌门（Basidiomycota）,细菌群落优势菌门为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、Thermi、硝化螺旋菌门（Nitrospirae）、绿菌门（Chlorobi）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）。（3）CCA（Canonical correspondence analysis）分析表明,3个温泉的真菌群落主要影响因子是温度,细菌群落主要影响因子是总磷。[结论] 海南省海口市温泉中含有丰富的微生物资源,其微生物群落组成受多种环境因子影响,且影响真菌和细菌的主要环境因子不同。