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231.
This study was aimed at enhancing the physical stability of the drug clotrimazole (CT) and the polymer contained within hot-melt
extrusion (HME) films using polymer blends of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The HME films
were investigated for solid-state characteristics, moisture sorption, bioadhesivity, mechanical properties, glass transition
temperature, release characteristics, and physical and chemical stability of the drug and the polymer within the HME films.
The solid-state characterization of the drug and the polymer was performed using differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray
diffractometry, and dynamic mechanical analysis. A texture analyzer was used to study the bioadhesive and mechanical properties
of the HME films. The physical and chemical stability of the films, stored at 25°C/60% relative humidity or in a desiccator,
was studied for up to 12 months. CT was found to be in solid solution within all of the formulations extruded. The physical
stability of the drug and PEO in the HME films increased with increasing HPC concentration, but the bioadhesivity and flexibility
of the PEO films decreased with increasing HPC concentration. Films containing HPC: PEO∶CT in the ratio of 55∶35∶10 demonstrated
optimum physical-mechanical, bioadhesive, and release properties. In conclusion, polymer blends of HPC and PEO were used successfully
to tailor the drug release, mechanical and bio-adhesive properties, and stability of the HME films.
Published: June 29, 2007 相似文献
232.
《L'Anthropologie》2022,126(1):102995
Preliminary conclusions from high-resolution microstratigraphical and taphonomical research suggest that Palaeolithic frequentation of the rock-shelter alternated with that of local fauna in the late Early (Lower) Pleistocene. 相似文献
233.
Macroalgae and corals compete for the available space in coral reef ecosystems.While herbivorous reef fish play a beneficial role in decreasing the growth of macroalgae, macroalgal toxicity and overfishing of herbivores leads to proliferation of macroalgae. The abundance of macroalgae changes the community structure towards a macroalgae-dominated reef ecosystem. We investigate coral-macroalgal phase shifts by means of a continuous time model in a food chain. Conditions for local asymptotic stability of steady states are derived. It is observed that in the presence of macroalgal toxicity and overfishing, the system exhibits hysteresis through saddle-node bifurcation and transcritical bifurcation. We examine the effects of time lags in the liberation of toxins by macroalgae and the recovery of algal turf in response to grazing of herbivores on macroalgae by performing equilibrium and stability analyses of delay-differential forms of the ODE model. Computer simulations have been carried out to illustrate the different analytical results.
Electronic Supplementary Material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10867-014-9371-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献234.
The molecular interaction of a protein in highly concentrated solution investigated by Raman spectroscopy
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We used Raman spectroscopy to investigate the structure and interactions of lysozyme molecules in solution over a wide range of concentrations (2.5–300 mg ml?1). No changes in the amide‐I band were observed as the concentration was increased, but the width of the Trp band at 1555 cm?1 and the ratios of the intensities of the Tyr bands at 856 and 837 cm?1, the Trp bands at 870 and 877 cm?1, and the bands at 2940 (CH stretching) and 3420 cm?1 (OH stretching) changed as the concentration was changed. These results reveal that although the distance between lysozyme molecules changed by more than an order of magnitude over the tested concentration range, the secondary structure of the protein did not change. The changes in the molecular interactions occurred in a stepwise process as the order of magnitude of the distance between molecules changed. These results suggest that Raman bands can be used as markers to investigate the behavior of high‐concentration solutions of proteins and that the use of Raman spectroscopy will lead to progress in our understanding not only of the basic science of protein behavior under concentrated (i.e., crowded) conditions but also of practical processes involving proteins, such as in the field of biopharmaceuticals. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 237–246, 2015. 相似文献
235.
236.
Kazuo GOTO Eri KUWAYAMA Ryoko NOZU Masami UENO Nobuhito HAYASHIMOTO 《Experimental Animals》2015,64(2):191-197
In this study, hypochlorous acid solution, a weak acid, provided as drinking water to
rats, was evaluated for its ability to eradicate and prevent Pseudomonas
aeruginosa infection, while monitoring its simultaneous effect on serum
biochemical variables and microbiota in the rat cecum. The results suggest that the
solution could not eliminate the bacteria in the experimentally infected rats; however,
the administration of a 10-parts-per-million (ppm) hypochlorous acid solution as drinking
water was effective in inhibiting horizontal spread of P. aeruginosa
infection among cage mates. Additionally, exposure to hypochlorous solution did not have
any effect on serum biochemical variables of the rat including levels of total
cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline
phosphatase (ALP), albumin, total bilirubin, lipase, amylase, urea nitrogen, total
protein, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), except for potassium
(K) levels. The most frequently isolated bacteria in the rat cecum included species
belonging to Bacteroidales, Lactobacillus,
Clostridiales, Erysipelotrichaceae,
Akkermansia, Coriobacteriales, and
Firmicutes. The ratio of the terminal restriction fragment length
polymorphism (T-RFLP) peaks did not differ across rats administered with 5 and 10 ppm weak
acid solution as compared to the control group for any of the bacteria, except for
Erysipelotrichaceae and Firmicutes, where the ratio of
T-RFLP peaks was higher in the 5 ppm group for Erysipelotrichaceae and in
the 10 ppm group for Firmicutes than that in the control group
(P<0.01). The results suggest that the weak acid hypochlorous
solution could not eradicate P. aeruginosa completely from rats. The
solution was effective in preventing infection without affecting serum biochemical
variables; however, some of bacterial microbiota may have changed due to administration of
the solution. 相似文献
237.
238.
Ohashi W Hirota H Yamazaki T 《Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society》2011,20(4):690-701
Calmodulin (CaM) is a Ca(2+)-binding protein that functions as a ubiquitous Ca(2+)-signaling molecule, through conformational changes from the "closed" apo conformation to the "open" Ca(2+)-bound conformation. Mg(2+) also binds to CaM and stabilizes its folded structure, but the NMR signals are broadened by slow conformational fluctuations. Using the E104D/E140D mutant, designed to decrease the signal broadening in the presence of Mg(2+) with minimal perturbations of the overall structure, the solution structure of the Mg(2+)-bound form of the CaM C-terminal domain was determined by multidimensional NMR spectroscopy. The Mg(2+)-induced conformational change mainly occurred in EF hand IV, while EF-hand III retained the apo structure. The helix G and helix H sides of the binding sequence undergo conformational changes needed for the Mg(2+) coordination, and thus the helices tilt slightly. The aromatic rings on helix H move to form a new cluster of aromatic rings in the hydrophobic core. Although helix G tilts slightly to the open orientation, the closed conformation is maintained. The fact that the Mg(2+)-induced conformational changes in EF-hand IV and the hydrophobic core are also seen upon Ca(2+) binding suggests that the Ca(2+)-induced conformational changes can be divided into two categories, those specific to Ca(2+) and those common to Ca(2+) and Mg(2+). 相似文献
239.
Atia-tul-Wahab Serrano P Geralt M Wüthrich K 《Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society》2011,20(7):1137-1144
The solution structure of the hypothetical phage-related protein NP_888769.1 from the Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella bronchoseptica contains a well-structured core comprising a five-stranded, antiparallel β-sheet packed on one side against two α-helices and a short β-hairpin with three flexibly disordered loops extending from the central β-sheet. A homology search with the software DALI identified two Protein Data Bank deposits with Z-scores > 8, where both of these proteins have less than 8% sequence identity relative to NP_888769.1, and one has been functionally annotated as a lambda phage tail terminator protein. A sequence-homology analysis then confirmed that NP_888769.1 represents the first three-dimensional structural representative of a new protein family that was previously predicted by the Joint Center for Structural Genomics, which includes so far about 20 prophage proteins encoded in bacterial genomes. 相似文献
240.
本文研究了具有阶段结构的两种群竞争系统的渐近行为.我们得到了系统持续生存的条件.由Brouwer不动点定理和李亚普诺夫函数,我们证明相应的周期系统在满足一定的条件下,存在一个唯一的全局渐近稳定的正周期解.最后我们把没有阶段结构的系统与有阶段结构的系统进行了比较. 相似文献