T cell development in the thymus: from periodic seeding to constant output

T cell development occurs in the thymus throughout life. Recent experimental findings show that the seeding of the thymus by multi-potent stem cells from the bone marrow is periodic rather than continuous, as previously assumed. However it is well known that the output rate of cells from the thymus is relatively constant. A quantitative model is used to verify the current hypotheses regarding T cell development in the steady state mouse thymus. The results show that the thymus could be at a periodic steady state with out-of-phase thymocyte populations. Experiments to examine possible periodic fluctuations in the thymus are proposed and methods for further analysis are outlined.     

废橡胶颗粒浸提液物质释放及其浸种对草坪植物生长的影响

纯胶粒浸提液、胶粒与壤土混合的浸提液中重金属含量分析表明,纯胶粒浸提液中Zn含量最高,其次为Pb,而Cd与Cu最少;与纯胶粒浸提液相比,胶粒与壤土混合的浸提液中Zn含量显著降低.紫外吸收光谱图显示,胶粒粒径越小,浸提液中有机物越复杂.用4种不同粒径胶粒的浸提液对2种草坪植物种子浸种处理后进行培养,研究了草坪植物的生长效应.结果表明,胶粒浸提液浸种对2种草坪植物的种子萌发率影响不大,但对株高产生不同的影响.对黑麦草而言,以2～4 mm胶粒浸提液浸种的株高为最高,1～2和4～6 mm胶粒浸提液浸种株高与之差异较大,分别降低1.52和1.32 cm,但均与对照无显著差异.对于高羊茅,以粒径1～2 mm胶粒浸提液浸种的株高为最低,比对照降低了18.76%,其它处理间无明显差异.浸提液浸种对黑麦草地下生物量有明显的抑制作用,但对根长生长有促进作用.胶粒浸提液浸种对2种草坪植物的地上生物量无明显影响.从胶粒浸提液的物质释放及其浸种对草坪植物生长的影响来看,废胶粒可用于运动场草坪的基质组配.     

一类无穷时滞微分系统的周期解和全局吸引性

考虑如下具有无穷时滞的微分系统:x′(t)=A(t,x(t))x(t) (integral from -∞to 0)f(t,s,x(s t))ds (sum from i=1 to p) fi(t,x(t-T_i(t)))的周期解.利用重合度理论和构造适当的Lyapunov泛函得到上述系统周期解存在性和全局吸引性的充分条件,推广了已有的结论,得到了新的结果.     

茶皂素抗菌活性在洗手液中的应用

利用茶皂素作为抗菌成分应用于开发抗菌洗手液。通过对抗菌洗手液试品与市售品绿尔生物抑菌洗手液体外抑菌比较、毒理安全性及稳定性等实验发现,抗菌洗手液试品比市售品绿尔生物抑菌洗手液对大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌的抑菌效果要强,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果则大致相当。二者对皮肤表面自然菌的抑菌率均在97％以上;二者的抑菌效果稳定性很好;二者均属实际无毒级且对皮肤都无不良刺激和过敏反应。     

一个具有扩散和时滞的捕食模型的持久性与周期解的存在性

对一类在斑块环境下具有Beddington型功能性反应和时滞现象的非自治捕食系统进行了研究,证明系统在适当的条件下是永久持续生存的;利用重合度理论,得到了一组保证该系统存在正周期解的充分条件．     

一类具阶段结构的捕食者-食饵模型的渐进性质

研究了一类具阶段结构的捕食者-食饵模型的渐近性质．文中假设由幼年阶段转化为成年阶段的转化率依赖于幼年个体数量．建立了捕食种群一致持续生存与绝灭的条件．证明了稳定的周期解的存在性．     

混合拟单调系统行波解的存在性

运用单调迭代方法,证明了混合拟单调系统的行波解的存在性．当反应扩散系。统的反应函数是混合拟单调函数时,如果选取一对合适的耦合上下解作为迭代初值,则迭代序列将收敛到一对拟解．而且在这对拟解之间存在系统的行波解．     

不同植物激素与培养液对米兰插条水培生根的研究

通过用不同植物激素与培养液的组合对米兰水培生根试验,在实验过程中观察其生根状况,实验中选用4~6年生优质母株上的1年生枝条,剪取10~15 cm长插穗,于5月中旬采用不同营养液分别加旺根(自制生根剂)、国光萘乙酸NAA催根处理,以清水为对照,以揭示米兰水培生根的最佳配方。40天后实验结果表明:在所设计的组合中以营养液B 根旺的处理较为理想。     

Conversion of stable RNA hairpin to a metastable dimer in frozen solution

Previous studies employing a 79-nucleotide (nt) RNA indicated that this RNA could form two bands in a native polyacrylamide gel while one band was observed in a denaturing gel. This report describes an investigation on the nature of the two corresponding structures and the segment responsible for forming the slower mobility band. Sedimentation equilibrium of the 79-nt RNA was consistent with the two gel bands corresponding to monomer and dimer forms. The portion of the RNA required for dimer formation was explored using a secondary structure prediction algorithm of two 79-nt RNAs linked in a head-to-tail fashion. The predicted structure suggested that the first 21-nt at the 5′ end of each RNA formed a self-complementary duplex. A ribonuclease H assay carried out with RNA prepared as monomer (M), or a mixture of monomer and dimer (M/D), gave results consistent with the predicted M and D structures. Gel mobility experiments on 5′ and 3′ segments of the 79-nt RNA also indicated that dimer formation was due to the 21-nt 5′ end. Studies on the 21-nt RNA molecule and sequence variants showed that this sequence can form a hairpin and a dimer complex. Unexpectedly, the hairpin to dimer conversion was shown to occur at high efficiency in frozen solution, although little or no conversion was observed above 0°C. The results indicate that a freezing environment can promote formation of intermolecular RNA complexes from stable RNA hairpins, supporting the notion that this environment could have played a role in the evolution of RNA complexity.     

Soil Organic Phosphorus Transformations During Pedogenesis

Abstract Long-term changes in soil phosphorus influence ecosystem development and lead to a decline in the productivity of forests in undisturbed landscapes. Much of the soil phosphorus occurs in a series of organic compounds that differ in their availability to organisms, but changes in the relative abundance of these compounds during pedogenesis remain unknown. We used alkaline extraction and solution phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess the chemical nature of soil organic phosphorus along a 120,000-year post-glacial chronosequence at Franz Josef, New Zealand. Inositol phosphates, DNA, phospholipids, and phosphonates accumulated rapidly during the first 500 years of soil development characterized by nitrogen limitation of biological productivity, but then declined slowly to low concentrations in older soils characterized by intense phosphorus limitation. However, the relative contribution of the various compounds to the total organic phosphorus varied along the sequence in dramatic and surprising ways. The proportion of inositol hexakisphosphate, conventionally considered to be relatively recalcitrant in the environment, declined markedly in older soils, apparently due to a corresponding decline in amorphous metal oxides, which weather to crystalline forms during pedogenesis. In contrast, the proportion of DNA, considered relatively bioavailable in soil, increased continually throughout the sequence, due apparently to incorporation within organic structures that provide protection from biological attack. The changes in soil organic phosphorus coincided with marked shifts in plant and microbial communities, suggesting that differences in the forms and bioavailability of soil organic phosphorus have ecological significance. Overall, the results strengthen our understanding of phosphorus transformations during pedogenesis and provide important insight into factors regulating the composition of soil organic phosphorus.