超声造影对甲状腺癌包膜侵犯、淋巴结转移诊断价值及其与血清HMGB-1、sIL-2R相关性研究

摘要 目的：探讨超声造影对甲状腺癌包膜侵犯、淋巴结转移的诊断价值及其与血清高迁移率族蛋白1（HMGB-1）、可溶性白细胞介素-2受体（sIL-2R）相关性研究。方法：选取2019年2月至2020年8月本院收治的156例甲状腺结节患者作为研究对象。所有患者均经病理证实,根据病理结果提示包膜侵犯情况可分为侵犯组（86例,55.13%）与未侵犯组（70例,44.87%）;另外根据病理结果提示淋巴结转移情况也分为转移组（92例,58.97%）与未转移组（64例,41.03%）。术前均行常规超声、超声造影以及血清HMGB-1、sIL-2R水平检测。比较常规超声、超声造影诊断甲状腺包膜侵犯、淋巴结转移的诊断效能,并分析其与血清HMGB-1、sIL-2R水平的相关性。结果：常规超声、超声造影对甲状腺癌包膜侵犯、淋巴结转移的诊断结果差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。超声造影诊断甲状腺癌包膜侵犯的准确性、敏感度显著高于常规超声（P<0.05）,而两种检查方式之间特异度、阳性预测值以及阴性预测值的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;超声造影诊断甲状腺癌淋巴结转移的准确性、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值以及阴性预测值均显著高于常规超声（P<0.05）。甲状腺癌包膜侵犯组、淋巴结转移组的血清HMGB-1、sIL-2R水平分别显著高于未侵犯组、未转移组（P<0.05）。结论：超声造影对甲状腺癌包膜侵犯、淋巴结转移具有一定诊断价值,而与血清HMGB1、sIL-2R水平具有相关性。因此,术前行超声造影检查以及血清HMGB1、sIL-2R水平检测对甲状腺癌患者包膜侵犯、淋巴结转移有一定提示作用,可对对临床治疗方案的选择具有重要价值。     

120例胶囊内镜检查的结果分析

目的:对胶囊内镜检查的安全性、检查结果及诊断价值进行讨论分析。方法:对2011年1月~2013年4月在我院进行胶囊内镜检查的120例患者及健康体检者的临床病例资料进行回顾性分析。结果:所有受检者均顺利完成检查,不明原因消化道出血、慢性腹痛及健康查体者的检出率分别为82.76%、59.26%及40.90%,结肠镜检查阴性者中检出结肠息肉4例,肠易激综合征患者中检出小肠器质性疾病4例。结论:胶囊内镜检查安全无痛苦,对于不明原因消化道出血及慢性腹痛患者的诊断优于传统检查方法,对于区分功能性胃肠病及器质性疾病以及小肠疾病的筛查有一定的参考价值。     

Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of Components of the Capsule Biosynthesis Complex of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup A: TOWARD IN VITRO VACCINE PRODUCTION*

The human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis globally. A major virulence factor of Nm is the capsular polysaccharide (CPS), which in Nm serogroup A consists of N-acetyl-mannosamine-1-phosphate units linked together by phosphodiester linkages [→6)-α-d-ManNAc-(1→OPO₃⁻→]_n. Acetylation in O-3 (to a minor extent in O-4) position results in immunologically active polymer. In the capsule gene cluster (cps) of Nm, region A contains the genetic information for CPSA biosynthesis. Thereby the open reading frames csaA, -B, and -C are thought to encode the UDP-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine-2-epimerase, poly-ManNAc-1-phosphate-transferase, and O-acetyltransferase, respectively. With the aim to use a minimal number of recombinant enzymes to produce immunologically active CPSA, we cloned the genes csaA, csaB, and csaC and functionally characterized the purified recombinant proteins. If recombinant CsaA and CsaB were combined in one reaction tube, priming CPSA-oligosaccharides were efficiently elongated with UDP-GlcNAc as the donor substrate, confirming that CsaA is the functional UDP-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine-2-epimerase and CsaB the functional poly-ManNAc-1-phosphate-transferase. Subsequently, CsaB was shown to transfer ManNAc-1P onto O-6 of the non-reducing end sugar of priming oligosaccharides, to prefer non-O-acetylated over O-acetylated primers, and to efficiently elongate the dimer of ManNAc-1-phosphate. The in vitro synthesized CPSA was purified, O-acetylated with recombinant CsaC, and proven to be identical to the natural CPSA by ¹H NMR, ³¹P NMR, and immunoblotting. If all three enzymes and their substrates were combined in a one-pot reaction, nature identical CPSA was obtained. These data provide the basis for the development of novel vaccine production protocols.     

珍芪降糖胶囊对糖尿病大鼠的药效学研究

目的：研究珍芪降糖胶囊对实验性糖尿病大鼠的治疗效果。方法：采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）制备糖尿病大鼠模型,观察珍芪降糖胶囊对大鼠血糖、胰岛素、血脂、尿素氮、肌酐、血小板聚集及肾小球形态的影响。结果：珍芪降糖胶囊能明显降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖、胰岛素含量,降低糖尿病大鼠低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、尿素氮、肌酐,提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量,对二磷酸腺苷（ADP）诱导的大鼠血小板聚集有明显的抑制作用,并有减轻肾小球病变的作用。结论：珍芪降糖胶囊在降低血糖、调节脂质代谢紊乱、改善肾小球功能等多方面发挥较好的作用。     

Antioxidant acitivity in vitro and in vivo of the capsule polysaccharides from Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus

Crude capsule polysaccharides (CCP) were prepared from the culture of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus C55129 and were partially purified through an anion-exchange column chromatography to afford partially purified capsule polysaccharides (PCP). The main component of CCP and PCP was hyaluronic acid. In vitro antioxidant assay, the capsule polysaccharides showed strong inhibition of lipid peroxidation and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and moderate 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryldydrazyl radical scavenging activity. In addition, CCP exhibited much stronger reductive power than PCP. For antioxidant testing in vivo, CCP and PCP were orally administrated over a period of 15 days in a d-galactose induced aged mice model. As results, administration of capsule polysaccharides inhibited significantly the formation of malondialdehyde in mice livers and serums and raised the activities of antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity in a dose-dependent manner. However, the antioxidant activity of CCP was lower than that of PCP. The results suggest that the capsule polysaccharides from Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus C55129 have direct and potent antioxidant activities.     

Permeability of the equine embryonic capsule to ethylene glycol and glycerol in vitro

Poor survival of cryopreservation by equine expanded blastocysts may involve low penetration of the embryonic capsule by cryoprotective agents (CPAs). This study characterized the permeation and accumulation rates of the CPAs ethylene glycol (EG) and glycerol (GLY) across isolated capsule in vitro, using a dual-chambered Valia-Chien permeation apparatus. Pieces of Days 14 to 18 ±1 capsules separated media in the “donor” chamber containing either 1.5 M EG (n = 6), 0.74 M EG (n = 5), 0.87 M GLY (n = 7), or 0.15 M NaCl (saline, SAL) (n = 6), from the “recipient” chamber. Concentrations of CPA, determined by gas chromatography, allowed calculation of the capsule's apparent permeability (P_app) to those CPAs. Permeation of capsule by 1.5 M EG was significantly more rapid than by 0.87 M GLY, or 0.74 M EG; permeation by both CPAs was significantly slower than by SAL. Accumulation of CPA in the recipient chamber depended more on initial donor chamber concentration, rather than type, of CPA. Accumulation rates for CPAs and SAL were linear only when capsule was present, demonstrating that their permeation through capsule was more complex than simple diffusion. Successful cryopreservation of equine expanded blastocysts has been previously linked to lengths of step-wise exposures to CPAs. Based on the present results, we inferred that alternative CPAs, more capable of permeating the capsule, or alternative methods of ensuring CPA entry into the cells, may also be required.     

Lactate sensitive cells in newt kidneys

Summary The blood supply of duck muscle spindles from the extensor pollicis and the extensor digitorum comminis wing muscles has been studied by light and electron microscopy. Capillaries usually accompany the nerve bundle that innervates the spindle, approaching at an oblique angle around the midequatorial region. Capillaries may run for some distance along the surface of the outer capsule, or penetrate partially into the outer capsule and lie between layers of the capsule cell processes. Some capillaries also penetrate the outer capsule, running into the periaxial space and continuing further towards the polar region. They have been shown to be in close contact with intrafusal muscle fibres, from the juxta-equatorial to the polar region, but have not been encountered among sensory terminals in the mid-equatorial region.     

Is the CvaA* protein, encoded within the colicin V export gene cvaA, required for colicin V transport?

Abstract We investigated the expression of important Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae surface polysaccharides, namely, capsular polysaccharides (CPS) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), after growth under iron-restricted conditions. Iron restriction did not seem to affect the production of CPS, as determined by labelling with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the serotype l K-antigen and flow cytometry analysis, and also as determined by electron microscopy. SDS-PAGE revealed that the LPS profiles of these cells were also unaffected by iron restriction. Using flow cytometry analysis, however, we observed that binding of mAb against serotype 1 O-antigen was altered in cells of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype l reference strain (4074) grown under iron-restricted conditions. This strain exhibited two subpopulations with distinct patterns of reactivity with the mAb against the O-antigen. When strain 4074 was grown under iron-restricted conditions, a shift from one cell subpopulation (moderately fluorescent) to another cell subpopulation (highly fluorescent, thus binding more antibodies) was observed. Our results indicate that growth of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype l under iron-restricted conditions did not seem to affect CPS production, but might alter, at least for the reference strain, the expression of LPS.     

Sulfide pulsing as the controlling factor of spinae production in Chlorobium limicola strain UdG 6038

Chlorobium limicola UdG 6038, a green sulfur bacterium, was isolated from anoxic sediments. Cells were gram-negative, non-motile, ovoid shaped, and contained chlorobactene and bacteriochlorophyll c as the main photosynthetic pigments. The DNA G+C content was 56.4 mol%. Ultrastructural studies revealed the presence of abundant spinae (45–110 spinae per cell) attached to the cell wall. India-ink-stained cells observed under the optical microscope were surrounded by a large capsule (5–11 μm total diameter). The presence of this capsule was coincident with the presence of a large number of spinae (> 30 spinae per cell). The mucilaginous capsule was attached to the spinae without penetrating it. In batch culture, the synthesis of spinae in strain UdG 6038 was not affected by changes in temperature, pH, salt concentration, or illumination at physiological ranges and hence, the cells remained spined. The control of spinae production was experimentally confirmed using a semicontinuous batch culture refed by sulfide pulsing. The culture remained at a low spination level (> 30 spinae per cell) only when the duration of sulfide starvation between pulses was less than 5 h. After longer sulfide starvation periods, the cells remained spined (more than 38 ± 6.3 spinae per cell). This observation supports the idea that the duration of sulfide limitation in the culture plays a key role in controlling the spination process in strain C. limicola UdG 6038. Chlorobium spinae may play an eco-physiological role in buoyancy capacity and adhesion of sulfur globules to the cells in natural environments where sulfide concentrations are expected to be highly variable. Revision received: 13 November 1995 / Accepted: 19 January 1996