神经元营养因子对大鼠隔—海马通路损伤的影响

为评价神经生长因子(NGF)、混合型神经节苷脂(GM)和单唾液酸神经节苷脂(GM1)对中枢胆碱能神经损伤早期的影响,在大鼠单侧隔-海马通路部分损伤后即时经脑室分别注入上述三种神经元营养因子,7d后取两侧海马分别测定乙酰胆碱(ACh)、胆碱乙酰基转移酶(ChAT)和胆碱酯酶(ChE)。损伤对照组(脑室注入盐水)术侧海马ACh含量保留率为对侧的20.3％,ChAT活力为50％,ChE活力为48.3％。给予NGF、GM或GM1的实验组,ACh含量保留率分别为34.9％,35.3％和47.7％;ChAT活力为77.4％,78.4％和69.2％;而ChE活力的保留率未见明显改变。这些神经元营养因子显著增加了大鼠隔-海马通路损伤后海马内ACh含量和ChAT活力,说明它们减轻了损伤侧海马胆碱能神经纤维的破坏,具有明显的损伤早期保护作用。     

Effects and Dynamics of a Nematode Community on Soybean

The relationships between densities of all members of a plant-parasitic nematode community and yield of ''Davis'' soybean and between final and preplant population levels were examined in small plots on sandy soils in north-central Florida. Plant-parasitic nematodes present in the community included Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Criconemella sphaerocephala, Meloidogyne incognita, Paratrichodorus minor, Pratylenchus brachyurus, and Xiphinema sp. Plant growth, including stand count, soybean yield (kg/ha), and size of young plants, was occasionally inversely correlated (P ≤ 0.05) with densities of B. longicaudatus or P. brachyurus, but not with densities of other species or with a range of soil variables. The nature of this relationship varied with season, with more severe stand losses noted during 1987 than in 1988. Final population densities (Pf) of most nematode species showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) linear relationships to densities measured at planting or earlier (Pi). These relationships were stronger (higher r²) with the ectoparasite B. longicaudatus than with the endoparasites M. incognita and P. brachyurus. Criconemella sphaerocephala declined under soybean cultivation, reaching levels near zero after two seasons. A quadratic model showed an improvement (P ≤ 0.05) over the linear model in describing the relationship between Pf and Pi measured at planting for B. longicaudatus, and gave a better indication of the leveling off of Pf at high values of Pi.     

Brain (Na+, K+)-ATPase and Noradrenergic Activity: Effects of Hyperinnervation and Denervation on High-Affinity Ouabain Binding

Abstract: To examine the role of nerve-specific (Na⁺, K⁺)-ATPase in chronic changes in noradrenergic activity, we examined the effects of noradrenergic denervation and hyperinnervation on p -nitrophenylphosphatase activity and on total and nerve-specific ouabain binding. High-affinity and erythrosin B-sensitive binding were compared as measurements of nerve-specific binding. Hyperinnervation and denervation was produced in cerebellum and cerebral cortex, respectively, by 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle. Hyperinnervation increased, and denervation decreased, enzyme activity, high-affinity ouabain inhibition, and erythrosin B-sensitive ouabain binding. As (Nat⁺, K⁺)-ATPase has a major role in the regulation of neural excitability and energy metabolism, and the ouabain binding site has been shown to have endogenous ligands, these changes in (Na⁺, K⁺)-ATPase may be important in the long-term regulation of neuron function by norepinephrine.     

川崎病患儿并发冠状动脉损伤的危险因素及预测模型的构建与评价

摘要 目的：分析川崎病患儿并发冠状动脉损伤（CAL）的危险因素，并构建和评价川崎病患儿并发CAL的预测模型。方法：选取2019年1月～2022年5月我院收治的342例川崎病患儿，根据是否并发CAL分为CAL组和非CAL组。收集所有患儿临床资料，采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析川崎病患儿并发CAL的影响因素，并构建预测模型，H-L检验和受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线检验预测模型拟合优度和对川崎病患儿并发CAL的预测价值。结果：342例川崎病患儿CAL发生率为16.67％（57/342）。单因素分析显示，CAL组发热持续时间≥10 d、静脉注射免疫球蛋白（IVIG）治疗延迟、IVIG无反应比例和单核细胞比例（MO％）、嗜酸性粒细胞比例（EO％）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、红细胞沉降率（ESR）、降钙素原（PCT）、心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）水平高于非CAL组（P均＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，发热持续时间≥10 d、IVIG治疗延迟、IVIG无反应和MO％、CRP、ESR、PCT、cTnI升高为川崎病患儿并发CAL的独立危险因素（P均＜0.05）。H-L检验川崎病患儿并发CAL的预测模型拟合效果良好。ROC曲线分析显示，该模型预测川崎病患儿并发CAL的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.911（95％CI：0.876～0.939）。结论：发热持续时间≥10 d、IVIG治疗延迟、IVIG无反应和MO％、CRP、ESR、PCT、cTnI升高为川崎病患儿并发CAL的危险因素，根据危险因素构建的川崎病患儿并发CAL预测模型价值较高。     

宫颈低级别鳞状上皮内病变组织CK8、P53及Ki-67的表达及其临床意义

摘要 目的：探讨宫颈低级别鳞状上皮内病变（LSIL）组织中细胞角蛋白 8（CK8）、P53及Ki-67的表达,分析其与病情进展的关系。方法：回顾性分析2020年1月至2021年12月我院收治的120例经病理确诊为LSIL患者的临床资料,根据末次随访病理学检查结果将其分为进展组（17例）、持续组（27例）和消退组（76例）。取首次活检宫颈组织标本,采用免疫组化法检测CK8、P53、Ki-67表达。多因素Logistic回归分析LSIL患者疾病进展的危险因素,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析CK8、P53、Ki-67评估LSIL患者疾病进展的效能。结果：进展组宫颈组织中CK8、P53及Ki-67阳性表达率高于持续组和消退组（P＜0.05）,持续组宫颈组织中CK8、P53及Ki-67阳性表达率高于消退组（P＜0.05）。高危人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染、CK8阳性细胞占比（较高）、P53阳性细胞占比（较高）、Ki-67阳性细胞占比（较高）是LSIL患者疾病进展的危险因素（P＜0.05）。联合CK8、P53、Ki-67阳性细胞占比预测LSIL患者疾病进展的曲线下面积为0.846,高于单独指标预测的0.637、0.697、0.744。结论：LSIL进展宫颈组织中CK8、P53、Ki-67阳性表达率明显升高,CK8、P53、Ki-67阳性细胞占比升高增加了LSIL患者疾病进展的风险,可作为辅助评估 LSIL进展的生物学指标。     

杏仁中央核损毁对缺钠大鼠钠欲行为启动和表达的影响

目的:探讨杏仁中央核(CeA)损毁对缺钠大鼠钠欲行为启动和表达的影响。方法:将18只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组(n=6):双侧Ce A损毁组、假损毁组和不损毁组,手术恢复后给予大鼠14 d低钠饲料摄食以建立缺钠大鼠模型,运用单笼双瓶选择测试方法观察缺钠大鼠在24 h内5个不同时间段对0.3 mol/L NaCl和自由饮水的摄入情况。应用免疫荧光化学染色方法观察杏仁中央核损毁与否对缺钠或正常大鼠孤束核内醛固酮敏感神经元活动的影响。结果:低钠饮食14 d后,大鼠对0.3 mol/L NaCl 24 h内饮用量和偏爱率比低钠饮食前明显增加(P<0.01);杏仁中央核损毁后缺钠大鼠对0.3 mol/L Na Cl溶液的摄入量和偏爱率显著下降(P<0.01)。杏仁中央核损毁对低钠饮食诱发的大鼠孤束核内醛固酮敏感神经元活动增加没有影响。结论:低钠饮食诱导大鼠钠欲行为表达增加;杏仁中央核损毁压抑缺钠大鼠钠欲行为的表达,而对缺钠大鼠的钠欲行为的启动没有影响。     

Intérêt de la TEP/TDM au 18F-FDG dans la neurofibromatose de type 1, expérience du centre national de référence Henri-Mondor sur 10 ans

ObjectiveMalignant peripherals nerve sheath tumours (MPNST) are one of the leading causes of death in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Given the temporal and spatial multiplicity of suspicious lesions, the histological diagnosis of certainty might require iterative and decaying surgical procedure. Our objective was to determine the threshold values of metabolic metrics determined on ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT (SUV_max, total lesion glycolysis [TLG], total metabolic tumour volume [TMTV], tumour-to-liver [T/L] ratio and heterogeneity index [HI]) in order to distinguish at best MPNST from benign lesion (simple neurofibromas [NF] or dysplastic NF).Patients and methodsHundred and seven patients from the national reference centre of NF1 Henri-Mondor, clinically suspects of TMGN, underwent 160 ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT over a period of 10 years, between 2005 and 2015. The hypermetabolics lesions identified on ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT were confronted with pathological analysis or clinico-radiological and metabolic follow-up of more than 6 months.ResultsFour hundred and eight hypermetabolics lesions were identified, of which 112 were histologically confronted with 38 simple NF, 29 dysplastic NF, 39 TMGN and 6 incidentalomas. The remaining 296 hypermetabolics lesions experienced a median follow-up of 40.4 months [13.5–137 months]. The optimal cut-off values for malignant lesions, determined by ROC curves, were in order of decreasing performance: T/L ratio > 2.03 (sensitivity 96%, specificity 88%); SUVmax > 4.74 (sensitivity 93%, specificity 86%); TLG > 172 (sensitivity 84%, specificity 76%); TMTV > 53.5 (sensitivity 83%, specificity 68%); HI > 1.63 (sensitivity 84%, specificity 54%).Conclusions¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT is a powerful diagnostic and prognostic tool in the management of TMGN. Metabolic metrics allow with good sensitivity and specificity to identify lesions transformed into TMGN. The advent of PET/MRI will undoubtedly allow in the near future to reinforce the diagnostic and prognostic performances for the detection of transformations of neurofibromas in TMGN.     

胚胎型大脑后动脉与脑白质病之间的关系

目的:探讨胚胎型大脑后动脉(Fetal origin of the posterior cerebral artery,FTP)与脑白质病之间的关系。方法:收集2013年1月~2014年6月在我院住院患者共485例,所有患者均行头颅磁共振平扫及血管成像,观察脑白质病变、急性脑梗死及FTP存在与否,并分为观察组(脑白质病组)和对照组(无脑白质病组),比较FTP的发生率。结果:观察组和对照组分别为232例和253例,观察组共发现53例FTP患者(左侧、右侧、双侧FTP分别为15例、19例、19例),FTP总发生率为22.8%,左侧、右侧、双侧FTP发生率分别为6.5%、8.2%、8.2%;对照组98例FTP患者(左侧、右侧、双侧FTP分别为26例、44例、28例),FTP总发生率为38.7%,左侧、右侧、双侧FTP发生率分别为10.3%、17.4%、11.1%,观察组FTP总发生率及右侧FTP发生率明显低于对照组(P0.001和P0.01)。232例观察组中急性脑梗死患者共156例,无急性脑梗死患者76例,其中急性脑梗死组有28例FTP患者(左侧、右侧、双侧FTP分别为7例、15例、6例),FTP总发生率及左侧、右侧、双侧FTP发生率分别为17.9%、4.5%、9.6%、3.8%;而无急性脑梗死的患者中,有24例FTP患者(左侧、右侧、双侧FTP分别为8例、4例、12例),FTP总发生率及左侧、右侧、双侧FTP发生率分别为31.6%、10.5%、5.3%、15.8%,观察组FTP总发生率及双侧FTP发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05和P0.01)。结论:FTP的存在可能一定程度上降低脑白质病甚至脑梗死的发生。