普氏蹄蝠胃肠道菌群的多样性

【目的】研究普氏蹄蝠(Hipposideros pratti)胃肠道菌群多样性及致病菌的种类。【方法】采用Mi Seq高通量测序技术,通过对16S r RNA基因V1-V2区基因进行测序,研究普氏蹄蝠胃肠道细菌的群落组成。应用MG-RAST V3.3.6分析和统计样品序列和操作分类单元(OTU)数目,分析胃肠道菌群物种丰度,并进行聚类分析。【结果】从普氏蹄蝠胃和肠道中分别获得144 998条和275 274条原始序列以及48 332条和91 758条有效序列,分属于894个和756个操作分类单元。胃中菌群丰度指数Chao指数(1 490)和ACE指数(2 221)分别低于肠道菌群的Chao指数(2 051)和ACE指数(3 556);Shannon多样性指数(2.405)低于肠道(2.407);Simpson多样性指数(0.168)高于肠道(0.151)。系统进化分析表明胃肠中的细菌主要分布在6个门,均以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(胃中占56.4%,肠中占46.0%)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)(胃中占40.7%,肠中占49.2%)为优势菌门。胃肠道中丰度在0.1%以上的属有24个,胃中优势类群为乳球菌属(Lactococcus)和哈夫尼菌属(Hafnia),分别占整个菌群的26.1%和21.0%;肠道中优势类群为肠球菌属(Enterococcus)和沙门氏菌属(Salmonella),分别占整个菌群的15.2%和12.7%。普氏蹄蝠胃肠道中的优势菌群均为人类的致病菌或者条件致病菌。【结论】普氏蹄蝠携带有大量人类致病菌。因此,应注意防止向人类传播。     

Non‐Parametric Entrainment by Natural Twilight in the Microchiropteran Bat,Hipposideros Speoris Inside a Cave

The study aimed to determine the influence of repeated natural dawn and dusk twilight pulses in entraining the circadian flight activity rhythm of the microchiropteran bat, Hipposideros speoris, free‐running in constant darkness in a natural cave. The bats were exposed to repeated dawn or dusk twilight pulses at eight circadian phases. All bats exposed to dawn twilight pulses were entrained by advancing transients, and the stable entrainment was reached when the onset of activity occurred about 12 h before the lights‐on of the pulses, irrespective of the initial phase at which the bats were exposed to twilight. All bats exposed to dusk twilight pulses, however, were entrained by delaying transients, and the stable entrainment was reached when the onset of activity occurred about 1.6 h after the lights‐on of the pulses. The entrainment caused by dawn and dusk twilight pulses is discussed in the context of the postulated two photoreceptors: the short wavelength sensitive (S) photoreceptors mediating entrainment via dusk twilight, and the medium wavelength sensitive (M) photoreceptors mediating entrainment via dawn twilight.     

贵州省果树蹄蝠的分类记述

2008年10月在贵州省荔波县进行翼手目动物多样性调查中,于该县永康乡采集到2号蹄蝠标本,经与国内外记载过的蹄蝠科bicolor族群的标本进行比较,这2号标本的体型较小,前臂长分别为44.26mm、42.48mm,耳大而圆,耳长22.02mm、22.58mm;鼻叶简单,前鼻叶外侧没有小附叶,中鼻叶不发达;后鼻叶稍宽于前鼻叶和中鼻叶,被3纵隔分为4个部分,P2弱小,但未消失,位于齿列线外侧,这些特征与中国和泰国记载的果树蹄蝠Hipposideros pomona一致。另对贵州早期文献中记载的双色蹄蝠H.bicolor标本进行了查阅,认为其应归为果树蹄蝠。     

Natural twilight phase-response curves for the cave-dwelling bat, Hipposideros speoris

Phase-response curves (PRCs) for the circadian rhythm of flight activity of the microchiropteran bat (Hipposideros speoris) were determined in a cave, employing discrete natural dawn and dusk twilight pulses. These PRCs are reported for the first time for any circadian system and they are unlike other PRCs constructed for nocturnal mammals. Dawn and dusk twilight pulses evoked advance and delay phase shifts, respectively. Advance phase shifts were followed by 3 to 4 advancing transients and a subsequent shortening of free-running period (τ); whereas, the delay phase shifts were instantaneous without any transients but with a subsequent lengthening of τ.     

Non-parametric entrainment by natural twilight in the microchiropteran bat, Hipposideros speoris inside a cave

The study aimed to determine the influence of repeated natural dawn and dusk twilight pulses in entraining the circadian flight activity rhythm of the microchiropteran bat, Hipposideros speoris, free-running in constant darkness in a natural cave. The bats were exposed to repeated dawn or dusk twilight pulses at eight circadian phases. All bats exposed to dawn twilight pulses were entrained by advancing transients, and the stable entrainment was reached when the onset of activity occurred about 12 h before the lights-on of the pulses, irrespective of the initial phase at which the bats were exposed to twilight. All bats exposed to dusk twilight pulses, however, were entrained by delaying transients, and the stable entrainment was reached when the onset of activity occurred about 1.6 h after the lights-on of the pulses. The entrainment caused by dawn and dusk twilight pulses is discussed in the context of the postulated two photoreceptors: the short wavelength sensitive (S) photoreceptors mediating entrainment via dusk twilight, and the medium wavelength sensitive (M) photoreceptors mediating entrainment via dawn twilight.     

四川地区大蹄蝠某些年龄特征的比较研究

对大蹄蝠的某些年龄特征进行了比较研究。根据左侧第 1上臼齿的磨损情况 ,将大蹄蝠划分为 7个年龄组。同时探讨了各年龄组中假乳头的分布 ,右侧假乳头发达者最多 ,占73 68% ,平均长度为 7 2 91 9± 2 330 2mm (N =1 4)。左侧发达者仅占 1 5 79% ,平均长度为 9± 1 0 0mm (N =3)。从皮叶与性别和年龄的关系可见 ,具皮叶者多数为雄性 (72 % ) ,但雌性亦有 2 1 1 %的个体有皮叶。结果还表明 ,皮叶的发达程度不与年龄的增加呈正相关关系。     

普氏蹄蝠栖息地选择的研究

为了解普氏蹄蝠(Hipposideros pratti)栖息地的特征、微环境条件及影响该物种栖息地选择的因素,2016年6月至2019年9月,在我国中、南部的10个省或直辖市,对83个洞穴进行测量,记录洞穴微环境,评估洞穴内普氏蹄蝠的受干扰程度,对普氏蹄蝠生态习性进行初步观察.运用独立样本t检验和卡方检验评估普氏蹄蝠的...