双侧股神经阻滞用于双膝关节置换术患者的麻醉效果和对血清炎性因子水平的影响

目的:研究双侧股神经阻滞术用于双膝关节置换术患者麻醉效果和对患者血清炎性因子水平的影响。方法:选择2015年10月～2018年10月在我院进行双膝关节置换术的110例患者,按照其入院顺序经随机数字表法分为两组,每组55例。对照组采用全身麻醉,研究组采用双侧股神经阻滞联合全身麻醉。比较两组的麻醉情况,治疗前后血清炎性因子白介素6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)、心率(HR)水平的变化。结果:两组麻醉时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组拔管、恢复室停留和苏醒时间均显著短于对照组(P0.05)。两组术后24 h、48 h血清炎性因子IL-6、CRP水平均高于术前,但研究组以上指标均显著低于对照组(P0.05);两组术中DBP、SBP、HR水平均较术前显著降低(P0.05),但研究组DBP、SBP、HR水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05),两组术后DBP、SBP、HR水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与单纯采用全身麻醉相比,双侧股神经阻滞可有效改善双膝关节置换术患者的麻醉效果,并降低其血清炎症因子和稳定其血流动力学。     

内固定与关节置换手术治疗骨质疏松性髋部骨折的临床效果及术后并发症的影响因素分析

目的:分析内固定与关节置换手术治疗骨质疏松性髋部骨折的临床效果及其术后并发症的影响因素。方法:将2017年4月至2018年5月因骨质疏松性髋部骨折于我院进行手术治疗的78例患者作为研究对象,参考患者自身意愿按照采取手术方案的不同将所有患者分为内固定组与关节置换组。内固定组主要采用动力髋螺钉内固定治疗;关节置换组采用全髋关节置换术治疗。对比分析两组治疗后并发症的发生情况及关节功能恢复程度。结果:关节置换组手术治疗后关节功能的恢复情况显著优于内固定组(P0.05),术后并发症发生率低于内固定组(P0.05);患者术后并发症发生的主要影响因素包括:术前存在合并症、手术时机≥2h、采用内固定手术。结论:与内固定术相比,关节置换手术治疗骨质疏松性髋部骨折患者的疗效和安全性均更高,但采用该手术治疗时需注意手术操作的规范性及手术时机。     

Regulating cytoskeleton-based vesicle motility

During vesicular transport, the assembly of the coat complexes and the selection of cargo proteins must be coordinated with the subsequent translocation of vesicles from the donor to an acceptor compartment. Here, we review recent progress toward uncovering the molecular mechanisms that connect transport vesicles to the protein machinery responsible for cytoskeleton-mediated motility. An emerging theme is that vesicle cargo proteins, either directly or through binding interactions with coat proteins, are able to influence cytoskeletal dynamics and motor protein function. Hence, a vesicle's cargo composition may help direct its intracellular motility and targeting.     

新辅助化疗联合人工膝关节置换治疗膝关节附近骨肉瘤

目的:评价新辅助化疗联合人工膝关节置换治疗膝关节附近骨肉瘤的临床疗效。方法:38例膝关节附近骨肉瘤采用新辅助化疗和人工膝关节置换,所有病例均进行肿瘤细胞坏死率、5年内肿瘤局部复发率、5年生存率和膝关节功能评估。结果:38例患者新辅助化疗后肿瘤细胞坏死率平均95.8%;随访6-9年,38例患者中5年内肿瘤局部复发12例(31.6%),5年后生存31例(81.6%),膝关节功能优良率92.1%。结论:新辅助化疗联合人工膝关节置换治疗膝关节附近骨肉瘤可有效提高骨肉瘤5年生存率,保存患肢功能,是骨肉瘤保肢治疗的一种较好的方法。     

术前预后营养指数和血清转铁蛋白与老年髋部骨折患者术后切口愈合的关系及其预测价值分析

摘要 目的：研究术前预后营养指数（PNI）和血清转铁蛋白（TRF）与老年髋部骨折（HF）患者术后切口愈合不良（PWH）的关系及其预测价值。方法：选取2020年1月～2022年3月南京市中医院收治的252例接受手术治疗老年HF患者,根据术后切口愈合情况分为PWH组（n=27）和非PWH组（n=225）。收集患者基础资料、术前PNI和血清TRF水平。采用多因素Logistic回归分析老年HF患者术后PWH的影响因素,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析PNI和血清TRF水平对老年HF患者术后PWH的预测价值。结果：252例老年HF患者术后出现27例PWH,其中24例切口长时间不愈合,3例切口裂开。与非PWH组比较,PWH组体质量指数（BMI）和白蛋白、淋巴细胞计数（LC）、PNI、血清TRF水平更低,糖尿病比例和术中出血量更高（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,BMI≥18.5 kg/m²（OR=0.648,95％CI：0.457～0.919）、PNI（OR=0.954,95％CI：0.932～0.976）、血清TRF（OR=0.484,95％CI：0.307～0.761）升高是老年HF患者术后PWH的保护因素,糖尿病（OR=2.651,95％CI：1.182～5.948）、术中出血量增加（OR=1.013,95％CI：1.005～1.021）是危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,PNI和血清TRF水平单独与联合预测老年HF患者术后PWH的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.808、0.770、0.871,灵敏度分别为70.37％、55.56％、92.59％,特异度分别为80.65％、85.81％、70.32％。二者联合预测老年HF患者术后PWH的AUC大于二者单独预测（P＜0.05）。结论：术前PNI和血清TRF水平降低是老年HF患者术后PWH的危险因素,二者联合对老年HF患者术后PWH的预测价值较高。     

Neuromuscular activation of quadriceps bellies during tasks performed in the same biomechanical condition in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty

ObjectiveTo investigate neuromuscular activation of quadriceps bellies during different tasks in patients before and after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsTwenty-six patients scheduled for TKA and 16 control subjects performed three isometric tasks: knee extension (KE), hip flexion (HF), hip flexion with contralateral hip extension (HFE). Surface electromyography signals of rectus femoris, vastus medialis and vastus lateralis were collected the day before (T0), at one (T1) and three (T2) days after surgery, whereas control subjects underwent a single evaluation. The Root Mean Square peak normalized for its highest value during the three tasks (nRMS-peak) was used as index of maximum neuromuscular activation for each belly. Sixteen patients performed the postoperative assessment, due to the placement of an elastomeric pump aimed at reducing pain in 10 patients.ResultsPatients showed lower rectus femoris nRMS-peak during KE compared to HF and HFE before and after surgery (p < 0.001), as occurred in control subjects. Differently from control subjects, patients showed higher vastus medialis and vastus lateralis nRMS-peak during HF compared to KE at T1 (p = 0.008) and T2 (p = 0.039).ConclusionTKA modified quadriceps neuromuscular activation during different tasks performed the same biomechanical condition. These findings may be considered in planning physiotherapy interventions after TKA.     

The choice of the femoral center of rotation affects material loss in total knee replacement wear testing – A parametric finite element study of ISO 14243-3

A leading cause of long-term failure of total knee replacements (TKRs) is osteolysis caused by polyethylene wear particles. The current gold standard for preclinical wear testing of TKRs is mechanical knee simulators. The definition of the femoral center of flexion-extension rotation (CoR) has been identified as one possible source of variability within TKR wear tests, since the femoral curvature varies from distal to posterior. The magnitude of the influence on wear due to changes in location of femoral CoR has not been investigated in depth. During this study, a computational framework utilizing finite element analysis for modelling wear of TKRs was developed and used to investigate the influence of the location of femoral CoR on TKR polyethylene wear during standardized displacement controlled testing (ISO 14243-3:2014). The study was carried out using a 40-point Latin Hypercube Design of Experiments approach. Volumetric wear was highly correlated to femoral CoR in both the superior/inferior and anterior/posterior directions, with a stronger relationship in the superior/inferior direction. In addition, wear scars showing linear penetration were examined, with large differences in simulations at the extreme ends of the sampling region. In this study, it was found that variations in the location of the femoral center of rotation can represent a large source of variability in the preclinical testing and evaluation of the wear performance of total knee replacements. This study represents the first attempt at quantifying the effect on wear of different femoral center of rotations across a large sampling space.     

Musculoskeletal model choice influences hip joint load estimations during gait

The prevalence of musculoskeletal modeling studies investigating hip contact forces and the number of models used to conduct such investigations has increased in recent years. However, the consistency between models remain unknown and differences in model predicted hip contact forces between studies are difficult to distinguish from natural inter-individual differences. The purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate differences in hip joint contact forces during gait between four OpenSim models. These models included the generic models gait2392 and the Arnold Lower Limb Model, as well as the hip specific models hip2372 and London Lower Limb Model. Data from four individuals who have had a total hip replacement with instrumented hip implants performing slow, normal, and fast walking trials were taken from the HIP98 database to evaluate the various models effectiveness at estimating hip loads. Muscle forces were estimated using static optimization and hip contact forces were calculated using the JointReaction analysis in OpenSim. Results indicated that, for gait, the hip specific London Lower Limb Model consistently predicted peak push-off hip joint contact forces with lower magnitude and timing errors compared to the other models. Likewise, root mean square error values were lowest and correlation coefficients were highest for the London Lower Limb Model. These results suggest that the London Lower Limb Model is the most appropriate model for investigations focused on hip joint loading.     

Validation of magneto-inertial measuring units for measuring hip joint angles

Camera-based motion capture systems are the current gold standard for motion analysis. However, the use of wireless inertial sensor-based systems is increasing in popularity, largely due to convenient portability. The purpose of this study was to validate the use of wireless inertial sensors for measuring hip joint motion with a functional calibration requiring only one motion (walking) and neutral standing. Data were concurrently collected using a 10-camera motion capture system and a wireless inertial sensor-based system. Hip joint angles were measured for 10 participants during walking, jumping jack, and bilateral squat tasks and for a subset (n = 5) a jump turn task. Camera-based system hip joint angles were calculated from retro-reflective marker positions and sensor-based system angles were calculated in MATLAB using the sensor output quaternions. Most hip joint angles measured with the sensor-based system were within 6° of angles measured with the camera motion capture system. Accurate measurement of motion outside of a laboratory setting has broad implications for diagnosing movement abnormalities, monitoring sports performance, and assessing rehabilitation progress.     

Baseline and 1-year follow-up differences between hip-fracture patients admitted from nursing homes and the community. A cohort study on 509 consecutive patients (FONDA Cohort)

ObjectiveTo determine the clinical and functional differences at hospital admission and at 1 year after a hip fracture (HF) in nursing homes (NH) and community-dwelling (CD) patients.MethodsAll patients with HF admitted to the orthogeriatric unit at a university hospital between January 2013 and February 2014 were prospectively included. Clinical and functional variables, and mortality were recorded during the hospital admission. The patients were contacted by telephone at 1 year to determine their vital condition and functional status.ResultsA total of 509 patients were included, 116 (22.8%) of whom came from NH. Compared with the CD patients, the NH patients had higher surgical risk (ASA ≥3: 83.6% vs. 66.4%, P < .001), poorer theoretical vital prognosis (Nottingham Profile ≥5: 98.3% vs. 56.6%, P< .001), higher rate of previous functional status (median Barthel index: 55 [IQR, 36-80] vs. 90 [IQR, 75-100], P< .001), poorer mental status (Pfeiffer's SPMSQ >2: 74.1% vs. 40.2%, P< .001), and a higher rate of sarcopenia (24.3% vs. 15.2%, P< .05). There were no differences in in-hospital or at 1-year mortality. At 1 year, NH patients recovered their previous walking capacity at a lower rate (38.5% vs. 56.2%, P< .001).ConclusionsAmong the patients with HF treated in an orthogeriatric unit, NH patients had higher, surgical risk, functional and mental impairment, and a higher rate of sarcopenia than CD patients. At 1 year of follow-up, NH patients did not have higher mortality, but they recovered their previous capacity for walking less frequently.