Lower limb kinematics in individuals with chronic low back pain during walking

Several investigators have suggested the presence of a link between Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) and lower limbs kinematics that can contribute to functional limitations and disability. Moreover, CLBP has been connected to postural and structural asymmetry. Understanding the movement pattern of lower extremities and its asymmetry during walking can provide a basis for examination and rehabilitation in people with CLBP. The present study focuses on lower limbs kinematics in individuals with CLBP during walking. Three-dimensional movements of the pelvic, hip, knee and ankle joints were tracked using a seven-camera Qualysis motion capture system. Functional dada analysis (FDA) was applied for the statistical analysis of pelvic and lower limbs motion patterns in 40 participants (20 CLBP and 20 controls). The CLBP group showed significantly different hip motion pattern in the transvers plane, altered knee and ankle motion pattern in the sagittal plane on the dominant side and different hip motion pattern in the transvers and frontal planes on the non-dominant side in comparison with the control group over the stance phase. In terms of symmetry, in the CLBP group, hip and knee moved through a significantly different motion patterns in the transvers plane on the dominant side in comparison with the non-dominant side. In the control group, knee moved through a significantly different motion pattern in the transvers plane on the dominant side in comparison with the non-dominant side. In conclusion, low back pain lead to altered movement patterns of the main joints of lower limbs especially on the dominant side during stance phase. Therefore, care should be taken to examine dominant lower limb movement pattern in CLBP to make a better clinical decision.     

切开与闭合复位空心钉内固定对移位股骨颈骨折患者骨折复位质量和髋关节功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨切开与闭合复位空心钉内固定对移位股骨颈骨折患者骨折复位质量和髋关节功能的影响。方法：本研究为回顾性研究,选取98例移位股骨颈骨折患者的临床资料,根据手术方式的不同将患者分为A组（n=50,切开复位）和B组（n=48,闭合复位）,比较两组患者优良率、骨折复位质量、髋关节功能、围术期指标、术后并发症发生率和二次手术发生率。结果：A组患者术后6个月的优良率为78.00%（39/50）,高于B组的58.33%（28/48）（P<0.05）。两组术后负重下地时间、术中透视时间比较无差异（P>0.05）;B组手术时间、住院时间短于A组,术中出血量少于A组（P<0.05）。两组患者术后1个月、术后3个月、术后6个月髋关节功能Harris评分均较术前升高,且A组高于B组（P<0.05）。两组二次手术及并发症发生率比较无差异（P>0.05）。A组Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型的例数均多于B组,Ⅲ型例数少于B组（P<0.05）。结论：与闭合复位空心钉内固定相比,切开复位空心钉内固定虽损伤较大,但其术后骨折复位质量和髋关节功能改善效果更佳,且不增加并发症发生率和二次手术发生率。     

右美托咪定联合瑞芬太尼对全身麻醉下髋关节置换术患者脑氧代谢、血流动力学和认知功能的影响

摘要 目的：瑞芬太尼、右美托咪定对全身麻醉下髋关节置换术患者的脑氧代谢、血流动力学和认知功能的影响。方法：选取2016年6月~2019年10月期间我院收治的100例行髋关节置换术的患者。采用随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,各50例。对照组患者麻醉中予以瑞芬太尼,研究组则在对照组的基础上复合右美托咪定,比较两组患者血流动力学、脑氧代谢和认知功能情况,记录两组患者围术期间不良反应发生率。结果：两组手术开始后30 min（T1）~手术结束时（T2）时间点平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）均呈下降趋势,但研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组T1~T2时间点动脉血氧含量（CaO₂）、颈内静脉血氧含量（CjvO₂）均呈下降趋势,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）;两组T1~T2时间点颈静脉球部血氧饱和度（SjvO₂）呈升高趋势,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组术前~术后7 d简明精神状态量表（MMSE）评分均呈下降后升高趋势（P<0.05）;研究组术后3 d、术后7 d MMSE评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组术后3 d、术后7 d的认知功能障碍（POCD）发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率比较无差异（P>0.05）。结论：全身麻醉下髋关节置换术患者麻醉方案选用右美托咪定联合瑞芬太尼,可减轻血流动力学波动,维持脑氧供需平衡,可减少POCD发生风险,且安全性较好。     

Superimposing hip extension on knee flexion evokes higher activation in biceps femoris than knee flexion alone

Hamstring muscle function during knee flexion has been linked to hamstring injury and performance. However, it is unclear whether knee flexion alone (KF) requires similar hamstring electromyography (EMG) activity pattern to simultaneous hip extension and knee flexion (HE-KF), a combination that occurs in the late swing phase of sprinting. This study examined whether HE-KF maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) evokes higher (EMG) activity in biceps femoris long head (BFlh) and semitendinosus (ST) than KF alone. Effects of shank rotation angles were also tested. Twenty-one males performed the above-mentioned MVICs while EMG activity was measured along ST and BFlh. Conditions were compared using a one-way mixed functional ANOVA model under a fully Bayesian framework. Higher EMG activity was found in HE-KF in all shank rotation positions than in KF in the middle region of BFlh (highest in the 9th channel, by 0.022 mV [95%CrI 0.014 to 0.030] in neutral shank position). For ST, this was only observed in the neutral shank position and in the most proximal channel (by 0.013 mV [95%CrI 0.001 to 0.025]). We observed muscle- and region-specific responses to HE-KF. Future studies should examine whether hamstring activation in this task is related to injury risk and sprint performance.     

超声引导下硬膜外阻滞在老年髋关节置换手术中的应用

目的:探讨超声引导下硬膜外阻滞在老年髋关节置换手术中的应用方法与效果。方法:2017年6月至2020年5月选择在本院进行髋关节置换手术的老年患者112例,根据随机数字表法把患者分为研究组与对照组,各56例。研究组给予超声引导下硬膜外阻滞,对照组给予传统的静脉持续镇痛。两组都给予全麻诱导与维持,记录镇痛效果与患者术后康复情况。结果:两组的性别、年龄、麻醉时间、手术时间与术中出血量等对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),研究组的术后住院时间显著短于对照组(P<0.05)。两组术后1 d、3 d、7 d的疼痛视觉模拟评分法(Visual Analogue Scale/Score,VAS)评分都低于术前1 d,观察组也都显著低于对照组,对比差异都有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组术后1 d、3 d、7 d的髋关节活动度都显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组术后1 d、3 d、7 d的血清P物质(Substance P,SP)、前列腺素E2(Prostaglandin E2,PGE2)含量都高于术前1 d,观察组低于对照组,对比差异都有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:超声引导下硬膜外阻滞在老年髋关节置换手术中的应用能抑制血清SP、PGE2的释放,能缓解患者术后疼痛,促进髋关节功能的恢复,缩短患者的康复时间。     

The influence of uncemented femoral stem length and design on its primary stability: a finite element analysis

One of the crucial factors for short- and long-term clinical success of total hip arthroplasty cementless implants is primary stability. Indeed, motion at the bone–implant interface above 40 μm leads to partial bone ingrowth, while motion exceeding 150 μm completely inhibits bone ingrowth. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two cementless femoral stem designs with different lengths on the primary stability. A finite element model of a composite Sawbones^® fourth generation, implanted with five lengths of the straight prosthesis design and four lengths of the curved prosthesis design, was loaded with hip joint and abductor forces representing two physiological activities: fast walking and stair climbing. We found that reducing the straight stem length from 146 to 54 mm increased the average micromotion from 17 to 52 μm during fast walking, while the peak value increased from 42 to 104 μm. With the curved stem, reducing length from 105 to 54 mm increased the average micromotion from 10 to 29 μm, while the peak value increased from 37 to 101 μm. Similar findings are obtained for stair climbing for both stems. Although the present study showed that femoral stem length as well as stem design directly influences its primary stability, for the two femoral stems tested, length could be reduced substantially without compromising the primary stability. With the aim of minimising surgical invasiveness, newer femoral stem design and currently well performing stems might be used with a reduced length without compromising primary stability and hence, long-term survivorship.     

Towards a patient-specific estimation of intra-operative femoral fracture risk

Abstract

Total Hip Arthroplasty requires pre-surgical evaluation between un-cemented and cemented prostheses. A Patient with intra-operative periprosthetic fracture and another with a successful outcome were recruited, and their finite element models were constructed by processing CT data, assuming elastic-plastic behavior of the bone as function of the local density. To resemble the insertion of the prosthesis into the femur, a fictitious thermal dilatation is applied to the broach volume. Strain-based fracture risk factor is estimated, depicting results in terms of the total mechanical strain expressed using a simple “traffic lights” color code to provide immediate, concise, and intelligible pre-operative information to surgeons.     

An anatomical subject-specific FE-model for hip fracture load prediction

In order to reduce the socio-economic burden induced by osteoporotic hip fractures, finite element models have been evaluated as an additional diagnostic tool for fracture prediction. For a future clinical application, the challenge is to reach the best compromise between model relevance and computing time. Based on this consideration, the current study focused on the development and validation of a subject-specific FE-model using an original parameterised generic model and a specific personalization method. A total of 39 human femurs were tested to failure under a quasi-static compression in stance configuration. The corresponding FE-models were generated and for each specimen the numerical fracture load (F _FEM) was compared with the experimental value (F _EXP), resulting in a significant correlation (F _EXP = 1.006 F _FEM with r ² = 0.87 and SEE = 1220 N, p < 0.05) obtained with a reasonable computing time (30 mn). Further in vivo study should confirm the ability of this FE-model to improve the fracture risk prediction.     

Biomechanical evaluation of porous biodegradable scaffolds for revision knee arthroplasty

Tibial bone defect is a critical problem for revision knee arthroplasty. Instead of using metallic spacer or cement, biodegradable scaffolds could be an alternative solution. A numerical model of a revision knee arthroplasty was thus developed to estimate the mechanical resistance of the scaffold in this demanding situation. The tibia, scaffold, and prosthesis were represented by simplified parameterised geometries. The maximal gait cycle force was applied asymmetrically to simulate a critical loading. Several parameters were analysed: 1) inter-individual variability, 2) cortical bone stiffness, 3) cortical bone thickness, 4) prosthesis fixation quality, and 5) scaffold thickness. The calculated scaffold strain was compared to its experimental ultimate strain. Among the tested parameters, failure was only predicted with scaffold thickness below 5 mm. This study suggests that biodegradable bone scaffolds could be used to fill bone defects in revision knee arthroplasty, but scaffold size seems to be the limiting factor.     

Serum kinetics of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 differs in relation to the type of arthroplasty

Context: Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) participates in the inflammatory process.

Purpose: To describe changes of sTREM-1 in the serum after hemiarthroplasty (HA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods: Serial blood samples were drawn from 122 patients with hip fracture. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), sTREM-1, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured.

Results: IL-6 and CRP were similarly increased after both HA and THA. sTREM-1 was increased early in HA and late after THA. The only parameter that was higher among patients who developed systemic inflammatory response syndrome was IL-6.

Conclusions: Kinetics of sTREM-1 differs among patients undergoing HA of the hip and those undergoing THA.