The activity parameters,cDNA cloning and mRNA expression of lysozyme in Cyclina sinensis (Bivalvia,Veneridae) responding to the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio anguillarum

ABSTRACT

Lysozyme is an important component of the innate immune response against pathogen infection. The functional forms have been well-studied in the c-type lysozymes of vertebrates but less so in i-type lysozymes prevalent in most invertebrate animals. Cyclina sinensis is a commercially important marine venerid bivalve that is abundant and widely distributed around the maritime coasts of Asia. We obtained an i-type lysozyme (i-lyz) gene in C. sinensis by large scale EST sequencing of a SMART-cDNA library. In C. sinensis, the i-lyz gene encodes 181 amino acids. The lysozyme activities and the mRNA levels of the i-lyz gene in haemocytes were upregulated during the infection by a bacterium, Vibrio anguillarum. The lysozyme activity in haemocytes was increased after 12?h infection by V. anguillarum, and reached the highest level at 24?h post-infection, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (P?<?0.01). The expression level of the i-lyz gene in haemocytes was increased after 3?h infection of Vibrio, and reached the highest level at 6?h post-infection. A recombinant i-lyz was obtained through prokaryotic expression which, when isolated and purified, had a molecular weight of approximately 19?kDa. Western blotting was used to validate the expression of the fusion protein. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the recombinant i-lyz protein has obvious bacteriostatic activity upon Escherichia coli whereby the K value of the curve was significantly lower than control and blank groups. Our study shows that the C. sinensis i-type lysozyme plays an important role in the immune defence against V . anguillarum and provides a theoretical reference for clarifying the mechanism of immune response against pathogen invasion in this bivalve.     

影响陕西种源香椿硬枝插条培养生产芽菜因素的研究

试验结果表明,陕西种源香椿硬枝插条在温室进行芽菜培育休眠芽萌发的最低温度指标为16.8℃,有效积温39.6℃。培养液;（NH4）2SO40.6g/L (NH4)H2PO40.45g/L KH2PO41.1g/L CaSO40.6g/L MgSO40.5g/L,其效果较其它溶液为好。     

Protein Electrophoresis of Single Pollen Grains of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

Electrophoresis and staining of proteins from the single pollen grains of Hibiscus rosasinensis have been developed by using general ultrathin polyacrylamide gel combined with highly-sensitive silver staining technique. The result revealed that the pollen abortion could occur in different stages of pollen development. The protein patterns varied greatly in different stages of pollen development, even in the different pollen grains in the same anther at the same development stage. Some bands exhibited a disjunction by classical Mendelian ratio 1: 1, suggesting that the gene loci were heterogeneous and the proteins were related to the expression of the genes at the early stage of pollen development.     

Karyotype and Sex Chromosomes in Cephalotaxus sinensis

In Cephalotascus sinensis (Rehd. et Wils. ) Li the somatic chromosome number was found to be of 2n=24. Eleven pairs of chromosomes possessed their centromeres at median or median-submedian regions. The shortest pair of chromosomes was the SAT chromosome which possessed their centromeres at the submedian regions. The sex chromosomes were demonstrated by the Giemsa C-banding technique. The sexual determination mechanism of female was WZ type (2n=24=22A+WZ), and that of male was ZZ type (2n=24=22A +ZZ).     

Changes in the Volatile Flavor Constituents of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck During Storage

The methods of GC with fused silica capillary column, its Kovats retention index of GC and GC-MS-DS etc. We were used to study the aromatic compounds of the peel essential oil of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck and aromatic concentrates of fruit flesh. 29 chemical constituents from the peels and 40 chemical constituents from the fruit flesh were identified. The trace constituents α-sinensal 0.01% and β-sinensal 0.01% are the special aroma ones for Citrus sinensis. At the same time, the changes flavor components in Citrus sinensis peels and fruit flesh during storage were also explored.     

当归水溶性多糖级分As-Ⅲa和As-Ⅲb的纯化鉴定与结构研究

当归热水抽提得到的粗多糖,经乙醇分级沉淀,ＤＥＡＥ纤维素分离和ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ１５０柱层析纯化,得到水洗脱级分Ａｓ—Ⅲａ和碱洗脱级分Ａｓ—Ⅲｂ两个多糖级分。经测定这两级分为均一组分。红外光谱呈现出典型的多糖吸收峰。气相色谱分析表明Ａｓ—Ⅲａ由葡萄糖组成,Ａｓ—Ⅲｂ由葡萄糖、甘露糖和阿拉伯糖组成。高碘酸氧化及Ｓｍｉｔｈ降解分析表明Ａｓ—Ⅲａ的单体通过α（１→３）糖苷键相连,Ａｓ—Ⅲｂ主要通过（１→４）和（１→６）糖苷键相连。     

香椿离体快繁技术研究

６～７月取香棒当年生半木质化、具腋芽的茎段为外植体,诱导腋芽萌发,进行繁殖培养。通过大量试验,筛选出各阶段适宜的培养基组成。萌芽诱导阶段培养在ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ中,腋芽萌发早,生长快;在继代和增殖培养中以ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ效果较好,ＭＳ＋ＺＴ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＧＡ３２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ次之。培养３０天繁殖倍数３．１～４．０,在仅含ＭＳ有机元素。铁盐减半、蔗糖１５ｇ／Ｌ的固体培养基中,附     

小檗科鬼臼亚科种子大小变异式样及其生物学意义

分析了小檗科鬼臼亚科４个属代表植物桃儿七、川八角莲、南方山荷地以足叶草种子大小及共变异式样并对该变异式样的生物学意义予以分析。结果显示：（１）在４种植物干种子中,以川八角莲最重,为３７．２４±６．７１ｍｇ,桃儿七镒之,为３６．５６±４．５４ｍｇ,足叶草最轻,为１９．０１±３．２１ｍｇ,南方山荷叶较轻足叶草稍重,为２３．２２±３．２６ｍｇ;（２）每种植物均存在一定比例的活力低下种子,其中以桃儿七最低     

扬子鳄的营养成份初步分析

对扬子鳄肌肉、脂肪及血粉有关营养成份作了较全面分析检测。结果表明鳄肌肉和血粉中粗蛋白含量高,且含氨基酸种类齐全和多种必需微量元素,其营养丰富,生物学价值高;鳄贮脂中不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的７１４％,富含多种高级不饱和脂肪酸,其营养价值高于其他兽类油,具有保健作用。     

饲料中添加乌贼肝粉和鱼浆蛋白对中华鳖抗氧化能力的影响

本实验研究了饲料中添加乌贼肝粉和鱼浆蛋白对中华鳖抗氧化能力的影响。设计了3个实验组,对照组（白鱼粉组）、乌贼肝粉组和鱼浆蛋白组。3种实验饲料的营养成分相近,主要区别是乌贼肝粉组和鱼浆蛋白组的饲料中分别用乌贼肝粉和鱼浆蛋白取代了对照组饲料中5%的白鱼粉。用3种饲料分别养殖中华鳖（Pelodiscus sinensis）稚鳖8周,测定了稚鳖血清和肝组织的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、丙二醛含量（MDA）、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）以及血清碱性磷酸酶（AKP）和溶菌酶（LZM）的活性。结果发现,乌贼肝粉组稚鳖血清和肝MDA含量显著低于对照组,T-AOC高于对照组;鱼浆蛋白组稚鳖血清和肝MDA含量、血清T-AOC与对照组没有显著差异,但肝T-AOC显著低于对照组。实验结果表明,饲料中添加5%的乌贼肝粉能提高稚鳖的抗氧化能力。