五种雀形目鸟类核型的比较研究

染色体核型的比较研究,对于了解物种的特性,探索物种的遗传、进化、系统发育及分类地位都有一定的意义。有关鸟类的核型研究,国外已有不少报道(Castrovicja,1969; Hammar,1966,1975; Ray-Chaudhuri et al.,1969;Shidds,1982;Ta—kagi,1972等)国内在这方面的工作开展较迟,已作过核型分析的鸟类为数不多,仅见王应祥等(1982)的报道。迄今,作过核型研究的鸟类已达500多种,其中雀形目有200种。本文比较分析了五种野生雀形目鸟类的核型,它们是黑头蜡嘴雀,斑鸫,黄腹山雀,红尾伯劳和灰背椋鸟。     

苦绳的一个新甾体成分

从苦绳(Dregea sinensis Hemsl.),和分出一新的甾体成分,Dresigenin A(I),经化学反应及光谱分析证明其结构为12-O-乙酰基-20-O-(2-甲基丁酰基)二氢肉珊瑚甙元[12-O-acetyl-20-O-(2-methylbutyryl)dihydrosarcostin]。     

Influence of phloem transport on flower abscission in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

Summary Flowering cultivars of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. were either cross-pollinated or self-pollinated. Fruit set was observed on 52% of the cross-fertilized flowers, while only 4.6% of the self-fertilized flowers were not abscised. Once during fruit and seed growth, the subtending leaf was exposed to ¹⁴CO₂, and translocation of labelled photoassimilate was recorded by macro- and microautoradiography. Phloem transport into the raphe occurred in both fruits with fertilized and fruits with non-fertilized ovules. Since empty ovules showed some sink strength, it is assumed that growth of vegetative seed-tissue signalizes the retardation of completion of the abscission process. During fruit growth a considerable amount of starch is deposited in the distal layer of the abscission zone. Part of this starch is consumed during growth of cross-fertilized fruits.     

Vertical distribution of some piercing sucking insects on some roselle varieties in Egypt and the role of amino acids concentration in infestation

Abstract

The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover was found to be the only aphid species infesting the tested roselle varieties (Sudani, Masri and White), Hibiscus sabdariffa L. which were cultivated in El-Kanater El-khayria (about 30 km north Cairo) as ex situ old land. The vertical distribution of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.); the leafhopper, Empoasca spp. and the pink hibiscus mealy bug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green, as insect pests attacking this crop had been studied. Moreover, certain morphological characters and amino acids concentrations in the three varieties of roselle, were obtained. The obtained results indicated that the experimental insect pests severely attacked leaves of the stem nodes from the 8th to the 11th (counting from the top of the plant), whereas whitefly were more abundant on these nodes. All tested insect species were less abundant on the 4th stem node. This may be due to the extensive existence of gland hairs, that excrete some compound especially phenols that might prevent the insects from reproducing on the leaves. The opposite was, however, true for M. hirsutus as it did not attack Sudani and Masri varieties but the infestation occurred at the highest level on the White variety.     

Two Helminthic Cases of Human Mummy Remains from Joseon-Period Graves in Korea

Our previous research on coprolite specimens from the mummies of Joseon Dynasty (1392–1910 CE) has revealed various species of parasite eggs. Herein, we added 2 new helminthic cases of human remains from Joseon-period graves in the Republic of Korea (Korea). The organic materials precipitated on the hip bones of 2 half-mummied cases (Goryeong and Gwangmyeong cases) were collected, rehydrated, and examined by a microscope. In the sample from Goryeong-gun (gun=County), ova of Trichuris trichiura, Clonorchis sinensis, and Metagonimus spp. were detected, and eggs of T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides were found from the sample of Gwangmyeong-si (si=City). By adding this outcome to the existing data pool, we confirm our previous estimates of Joseon-period parasite infection rates. The overall rates of A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, and C. sinensis decreased dramatically from Joseon to the modern period. In Goryeong mummy specimen, we also found Metagonimus spp. eggs that has rarely been detected in archaeological samples so far.     

光倒刺鲃、中华倒刺鲃和倒刺鲃氨基酸成分和微量元素的测定

本文对光倒刺鲃,中华倒刺鲃和倒刺鲃18种氨基酸和8种微量元素进行了分析,结果表明:这三种鱼是营养价值很高、滋味很鲜美的鱼类。并且,根据结果氨基酸组成比例,可为该鱼的人工饲养等方面的研究提供理论依据。     

蝉花中营养成分的研究

本文对蝉花中的氨基酸、无机元素、甘露醇以及糖类等营养成分进行了分析测定,并跟与之有亲缘关系的名贵中药冬虫夏草进行比较,为蝉花的进一步开发利用提供科学依据。     

中华绒螯蟹血淋巴20-羟蜕皮酮诱发蜕皮和卵巢发育的作用

通过放射免疫法测定了中华绒螯蟹蜕皮周期血淋巴20-羟蜕皮酮(20-HE)含量的变化。血淋巴20-HE同卵母细胞发育各个阶段有密切的时相关系:在卵母细胞小生长期血淋巴20-HE持续上升,经青春蜕皮进入卵母细胞大生长期后又迅速降低。不能及时青春蜕皮的青春期前雌蟹,稍后仍出现20-HE下降的趋势。对不同实验条件和生理状态下雌蟹的比较表明,20-HE具有诱发蜕皮的特性。卵母细胞早期生长必需高浓度的血淋巴20-HE。外源注射的20-HE有刺激卵巢增重的作用。     

浙江省中华水韭分布现状与濒危原因

中华水韭(Isoetes sinensis Palmer)为水韭科水韭属多年生沼泽植物,现分布范围急剧缩小,种群数量稀少,处于濒危状态。通过查阅文献、标本,咨询专家学者,深入实地考察,访问产地农民,基本弄清了中华水韭在浙江省的分布情况及现有种群状况,结果如下：据记载,中华水韭在浙江省分布在杭州、诸暨、松阳、庆元、丽水、建德和天台等市、县。但仅查阅到杭州(1号)、诸暨(2号)和松阳(1号)3地共4号标本。实地考察仅发现在松阳有2个野生亚种群;杭州、诸暨和丽水野生种群可能已灭绝;杭州植物园、武汉植物园目前迁地保存有杭州种群;天台是否有中华水韭分布尚存疑问。松阳2个野生亚种群总面积约1000m2,分布在4块废弃的水田中,海拔约1110m,居群集中分布的面积不到300m2。中华水韭生存生境的人为直接破坏及水体污染,是其种群消失的主要原因。中华水韭残存种群在与禾草和灯芯草(Yuncus effuses)等主要优势种的竞争中处于劣势,在群落演替过程中,可能会被这些物种所取代,进而整个群落有可能被其他植被所取代,故现有的2个亚种群正处于濒危状态,亟待加强保护研究。     

冬虫夏草菌丝提取物对化学性肝损伤的辅助保护作用

为明确冬虫夏草菌丝提取物对急性肝损伤小鼠谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、肝细胞变性及坏死程度的影响,采用四氯化碳（CCl4）诱导小鼠急性化学性肝损伤模型,将动物随机分成5组,分别是空白对照组、模型组、冬虫夏草菌丝提取物低剂量组（1.11g/kg BW）、中剂量组（3.33g/kg BW）、高剂量组（10.00g/kg BW）,检测血清ALT、AST值,并取肝脏作病理切片,观察肝脏的病理损伤情况。冬虫夏草菌丝提取物高剂量组能明显降低CCl4急性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT值,减轻肝细胞坏死程度,表明冬虫夏草菌丝提取物对化学性肝损伤有辅助保护功能。