A specific PCR assay for the diagnosis of Clonorchis sinensis infection in humans, cats and fishes

Clonorchiasis caused by Clonorchis sinensis is a fish-borne parasitic disease which is endemic in a number of countries. Using the sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS-1 and ITS-2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of C. sinensis as genetic markers, a pair of C. sinensis-specific primers was designed and used to establish a specific PCR assay for the diagnosis of C. sinensis infection in humans, cats and fish. This approach allowed the specific identification of C. sinensis after optimizing amplification conditions, with no amplicons being amplified from related heterogeneous DNA samples, and sequencing of amplicons confirmed the identity of the sequences amplified. The detection limit of this assay was 1.03 pg of adult C. sinensis, 1.1 metacercariae per gram of fish filet, and a single egg in human and cat feces. The PCR assay should provide a useful tool for the diagnosis and molecular epidemiological investigation of clonorchiasis in humans and animals.     

中华鲟抗菌肽Hepcidin的克隆、表达及其抗菌活性分析

Hepcidin也称为铁调素,是在肝脏中特异表达的一种阳离子小分子抗菌肽。2000年,Krause,et al.首先从人血液中分离纯化得到了由25个氨基酸组成的LEAP-1抗菌肽[1]。2002年,Shike,et al.首次从杂交条纹鲈的鳃分离出鱼类Hepcidin,并从金眼狼鲈(Morone chrysops)克隆到     

中华鳖眼睛发育的形态及组织学观察

在孵化基质沙粒径为0.3～0.6mm、孵化温度为(33.0±0.5)℃、孵化基质的湿度为7%～10%、相对湿度为70%～85%的条件下孵化中华鳖(Trionyx sinensis)卵,孵化周期35～36 d.破壳取不同发育时期的胚胎并制作切片,观察眼睛发育的形态学和组织学特征.孵化第4 d头部两侧出现眼泡的突起;第6d眼睛开始出现色素,第14 d色素由褐色变为黑色;第7 d瞳孔出现,透过瞳孔可见晶状体;虹膜于第14d出现,第18、19 d瞳孔周围呈放射状;巩膜突自第19 d出现,第21 d增至最多,第23 d消失;上、下眼睑分别在第19 d和22 d出现,第32 d眼睑可覆盖瞳孔,眼睛形态与成体眼睛相似.表皮外胚层于第3 d形成角膜原基和晶体泡,第32 d角膜发育完成;第34 d晶状体发育完成;神经外胚层于44～48 h由前脑的两侧分化形成视泡,第3 d由视泡分化形成视杯,并逐步分化形成视网膜;第23 d视网膜的八层结构基本形成;第34 d视网膜发育完成.     

Supplemental Cytogeographical Studies on the Scilla sinensis (Louriro) Merrill Complex in China

Seven hundred and fourteen individuals of the Scilla sinensis (Louriro) Merrill complex were sampled from 21 populations at 19 localities in 10 provinces and two cities of China and investigated cytologically in order to test its cytotype composition and cytogeographical variation still further. Five cytotypes were found (I.e. AA (2n = 16), BB (2n = 18), AABB (2n = 34), AAA (2n = 24), and AABB 9 (2n = 43)). Until now, nine of the 12 cytotypes have been identified on the continent, which indicates that it is an important place for the cytotypic differentiation of the complex. The cytotype AABB 9 is a new record on the continent. AAA was recorded for the second time in this complex. The majority of populations are composed of only one cytotype (AA, BB, or AABB), whereas another four populations consist of more than two cytotypes involving AA, BB, AAA, AABB, and AABB 9. The distribution of BB covers the entire region south to Huai River, whereas AA populations are distributed in Taiwan, Fujian, Hong Kong, and Gungdong and are isolated from its major distribution. The appearance of AABB 9 is possibly evidence for the degeneration of the subglobular bulb type of AABB and the fact that AAA and AAAA exist in the interior border regions of the range of this complex probably suggests that drought is a major factor promoting plant polyploidization. In addition, the mean numbers of B chromosomes per individual, the percentage of individuals with the B chromosome in each population, and the correlation coefficients between the latter and their latitude/longitude were calculated. Generally speaking, the B chromosome number is higher in BB populations compared with AA populations and there is a prominent tendency that the B chromosome content in either AA or BB populations correlates with the latitude and longitude of the populations.     

野生条件下扬子鳄的吼叫规律

20 0 3年在安徽扬子鳄自然保护区对扬子鳄的吼叫规律进行了为期一年的专题研究。在监测中 ,记录了吼叫日期、吼叫时间、吼叫数和天气情况。扬子鳄在每年的 3月开始吼叫 ,11月停止吼叫 ;扬子鳄的吼叫数在不同的月份差异极显著 (χ2 检验 :χ2 =4 4 8 2 9,df=8,P <0 0 1) ,其中 6月扬子鳄吼叫最为频繁 ,其吼叫数占全年的 2 6 0 % ;繁殖期间 (6— 9月 )扬子鳄吼叫数明显高于非繁殖期 (Mann WhitneyU检验 :U =2 0 ,P <0 0 5 ) ;在每天的不同时间扬子鳄的吼叫数呈极显著差异 (χ2 =2 33 18,df =17,P <0 0 1) ,存在明显的吼叫高峰 ,白天吼叫多于晚上 (U =12 5 ,P <0 0 5 ) ;天气的变化对吼叫没有影响。分析表明 ,扬子鳄的吼叫与其繁殖行为关系紧密 ,吼叫的主要目的是为了吸引异性 ,同时有保护领域的功能。     

松鸦的繁殖生态

在安徽合肥紫蓬山区,对松鸦的繁殖生态进行了观察,并研究了雏鸟的生长发育特征。结果表明,松鸦4月初开始营巢,巢筑在阔叶树或针叶树主干顶端枝杈处,巢呈碗状,由细树枝、须根、苔藓和草编织而成。4月中下旬开始产卵,平均每窝产5枚卵,孵化期16－17d,育雏期19d。体重、嘴峰、翅、跗跖、尾、飞羽及飞羽羽缨等形态学参数适合用Logistic曲线方程拟合,对应的拟合方程分别为：W＝120／[1 e^-0.329(t-8.1)]、L=23/[1 e^-0.2011(t-4.5)]、L=107/[1 e^-0.334(t-9.1)]、L=40/[1 e^-0.293(t-4.5)]、L=49/[1 e^-0.377(t-13.7)]、L=76/[1 e^-0.462(t-12.4)]、L=49/[1 e^-0.544(t-17.8)]。曲线的增长率和拐点的参数分析表明,与飞行密切相关的器官在雏鸟发育的后期仍有较大程度的增长,而与取食相关的器官在雏鸟早期就有较大程度的发育。     

Isolation of a psychrotolerant Debaryomyces hansenii strain from fermented tea plant (Camellia sinensis) leaves

Abstract

A psychrotolerant, halotolerant and alkalophilic yeast was isolated from fermented leaves of Camellia sinensis Kuntze, the tea plant. The yeast strain, named Tea-Y1, was both phenotypically and genotypically identified as belonging to the species Debaryomyces hansenii. This assignment was confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The analysis of growth curves demonstrated the ability this yeast strain to grow in a temperature range between 4°C and 28°C, with an optimum of 23°C. The ecology of this yeast in the C. sinensis phyllosphere, as well as its possible role in tea fermentation and storage, with particular reference to iced tea, are discussed.     

Characteristics of nutrients in two dominant plant species and rhizospheric soils in alpine desert of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau under contrasting climates北大核心CSCD

Aims This study was conducted to determine the responses of nutrients in plants and rhizospheric soils to climate in alpine-cold desert on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Methods Tissue samples for two dominant plant species, Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis and Artemisia desertorum, and associated rhizospheric soil samples were collected from sites representing semi-Arid and sub-humid climates in the alpine-cold desert on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Measurements were made on the contents of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in roots and shoots, as well as on organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphate, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and available phosphate in rhizospheric soils in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm layer. The relationship between nutrients in plant tissues and rhizospheric soils and the influencing factors were analyzed. Important findings There were significant differences between the semi-Arid and the sub-humid sites in tissue nutrients and rhizospheric soil nutrients for the two specie. Specifically, the contents of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus in plant tissues differed significantly between the semi-Arid and the sub-humid sites. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and available phosphate for the rhizosphere of A. desertorum were significantly higher on site under sub-humid climate than that under semi-Arid climate; whereas the trend was reversed for the rhizosphere of H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis. We found significant relationships between the tissue nutrients and soil nutrients, and significantly different plant nutrient ratios between the two species. There were negative correlations between tissues and rhizosheric soils in N:P ratio for A. desertorum and C:N ratio for H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis under different climates. © 2018 Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology. All rights reserved.     

Lipid degradation during manufacture of black tea

About 85% of the fatty acids liberated during the manufacture of black tea can be attributed to autolysis of 4 major polar lipid classes in tea leaf tissue, phosphatidylcholine, monogalactosyldiglyceride, digalactosyldiglyceride and phosphatidylethanolamine. Linolenic, linoleic and palmitic acids are the principal fatty acids released from these lipids and they all undergo further degradation. Linolenic acid (60% of fatty acids released) is derived mainly from galactolipids and thus the upper limit of release is dependent on the chloroplast maturity and content of the leaf tissues. Lipid breakdown is complete after 2 hr fermentation and, as there appears to be no accumulation of long chain fatty acid intermediates, it is probable that volatile production has also ceased at this time.